Raman spectra of nitrogen-containing organic compounds obtained in high altitude sites using a portable spectrometer: Possible application for remote robotic Titan studies     

Jan Jehlicka  Adam Culka 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(5):875-881

Well-resolved Raman spectra of examples of nitrogen-containing compounds were detected using a portable Raman instrument (Ahura First Defender XL) outdoors at a low temperature of −15 °C at an altitude of 2860 m (Pitztall, Austria). The portable Raman spectrometer tested here is equipped with a 785 nm diode laser and fixed frontal probe. Solid forms of formamide, urea, 3-methylpyridine, aniline, indene, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, benzofuran and indoline were detected unambiguously under field high-mountain conditions. The main Raman features (strong, medium and partially weak bands) were observed at their correct wavenumber positions (spectral resolution 7-10 cm⁻¹) in the range 200-2000 cm⁻¹. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of applying a miniaturised Raman spectrometer as key instrument for investigating the presence of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and biomolecules under low temperature field conditions. Within the payload designed by ESA and NASA for future missions focusing not only on Mars, Raman spectroscopy will be an important non-destructive analytical tool for the in-situ identification of both organic and inorganic compounds relevant to life detection on planetary surfaces or near sub-surfaces.  相似文献   

Containment of groundwater pollution (methyl tertiary butyl ether and benzene) to protect a drinking-water production site in Belgium     

Pieter Jan Haest  Richard Lookman  Ilse Van Keer  Johan Patyn  Jan Bronders  Marjan Joris  Jan Bellon  Florimond De Smedt 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(8):1917-1925

The subsurface migration of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene towards a drinking-water production site in Belgium was monitored for 9 years. A large gasoline spill at a nearby fuel station had caused a 500-m long and 50-m-wide pollution plume of MTBE (10?30 mg/L) and benzene (2?10 mg/L). In order to prevent any intrusion of pollutants into the drinking-water supply, a conceptual model was used to design a pump-and-treat system that intercepted the gasoline-contaminated groundwater emanating from the spill. The contaminated soil in the spill zone was excavated. A numerical mass transport model was developed to evaluate the ongoing plume containment. The model describes the subsurface MTBE migration and was regularly updated, based on groundwater monitoring data and the measured mass of MTBE extracted with the pump-and-treat system. With continued interception pumping, the MTBE plume can be remediated in 14 years. Without it, MTBE and benzene concentrations up to 600 μg/L could have reached the drinking-water production site and the plume would persist for 9 years longer. Source zone treatment combined with plume interception pumping is a suitable risk-based remediation strategy for the containment of MTBE and benzene groundwater pollution.  相似文献   

Autoplot: a browser for scientific data on the web     

Jeremy B. Faden  Robert S. Weigel  Jan Merka  Reiner H. W. Friedel 《Earth Science Informatics》2010,3(1-2):41-49

Autoplot is software developed for the Virtual Observatories in Heliophysics to provide intelligent and automated plotting capabilities for many typical data products that are stored in a variety of file formats or databases. Autoplot has proven to be a flexible tool for exploring, accessing, and viewing data resources as typically found on the web, usually in the form of a directory containing data files with multiple parameters contained in each file. Data from a data source is abstracted into a common internal data model called QDataSet. Autoplot is built from individually useful components, and can be extended and reused to create specialized data handling and analysis applications and is being used in a variety of science visualization and analysis applications. Although originally developed for viewing heliophysics-related time series and spectrograms, its flexible and generic data representation model makes it potentially useful for the Earth sciences.  相似文献   

Comment on `Tectono‐sedimentary evolution of lower to middle Miocene halfgraben basins related to an extensional detachment fault (western Crete,Greece)' by M. Seidel,E. Seidel and B. Stöckhert     

Douwe J. J. Van Hinsbergen  Willem‐Jan Zachariasse  Anne R. Fortuin 《地学学报》2008,20(5):414-416

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The case and fate of HD 75767 – neutron star or supernova?     

Klaus Fuhrmann  Eike Guenther  Brigitte König  Jan Bernkopf 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,361(3):803-808

We report the discovery of the nearby  ( d = 24 pc)  HD 75767 as an eight billion year old quadruple system consisting of a distant M dwarf pair, HD 75767 C–D, in orbit around the known short-period   P = 10.25 d  single-lined binary HD 75767 A–B, the primary of which is a solar-like G star. On the reasonable assumption of synchronous orbital rotation as well as rotational and orbital coplanarity for the inner pair, we get   M _B= 0.96 M_⊙  for the unseen HD 75767 B, that is, the case of a massive white dwarf. Upon future evolution, mass transfer towards HD 75767 B will render the   M _A= 0.96 M_⊙  G-type primary, now a turnoff star, to become a helium white dwarf of   M _A∼ 0.33 M_⊙  . Depending on the mass accretion rate, accretion efficiency and composition of the massive white dwarf, this in turn may result in a collapse of HD 75767 B with the formation of a millisecond pulsar, i.e. the creation of a low-mass binary pulsar (LMBP), or, instead, a Type Ia supernova explosion and the complete disruption of HD 75767 B. Irrespective of which scenario applies, we point to the importance of the distant M dwarfs as the likely agents for the formation of the inner, short-period HD 75767 A–B pair, and hence a path that particularly avoids preceding phases of common envelope evolution.  相似文献   

    

Jan Pícha 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1973,17(1):72

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Multichannel Blind Deconvolution As A Tool For Solar Image Restoration     

Stanislava Šimberová  Jan Flusser 《Solar physics》2005,228(1-2):165-175

A principle of restoration methods based on multichannel blind deconvolution (MBD) is introduced. The methods assume that for every un-degraded unobservable image several degraded observed images are available. It is better conditioned than classical single channel approach. The first algorithm represents a generalization of iterative deconvolution scheme introduced for single images. The second MBD algorithm is based on so-called subspace technique. The subspace method is not iterative and this possibly implies an implementation that can be computationally more efficient. Both methods are presented in applications to artificial image data (computer-generated multichannel degraded data) with known ideal image to get a comparison with restored one. Performance in a real situation on solar photosphere images is shown.  相似文献   

Prof. Dr. Mont.-Ing. František čechura 75 Jahre Alt     

Jan Picha 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1962,6(4):413-414

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Palaeoecological constraints on late Glacial and Holocene ice retreat in the Southern Andes (53°S)     

Rolf Kilian  Christoph Schneider  Johannes Koch  Martinus Fesq-Martin  Harald Biester  Gino Casassa  Marcelo Arvalo  Gert Wendt  Oscar Baeza  Jan Behrmann 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,59(1-4):49

Late Glacial to Holocene ice retreat was investigated along a 120 km long fjord system, reaching from Gran Campo Nevado (GCN) to Seno Skyring in the southernmost Andes (53°S). The aim was to improve the knowledge on regional and global control on glacier recession with special emphasis on latitudinal shifting of the westerlies. The timing of ice retreat was derived from peat and sediment cores, using mineralogical and chemical characteristics, and pollen as proxies. Stratigraphy was based on ¹⁴C-AMS ages and tephrochronology. The ice retreat of the Seno Skyring Glacier lobe is marked by an ice rafted debris layer which was formed around 18,300 to 17,500 cal. yr B.P. Subsequently, fast glacier retreat occurred until around 15,000 to 14,000 cal. yr B.P. during which around 84% of Skyring Glacier were lost. This fast recession was probably also triggered by an increase of the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) from 200 to 300 m. Subsequently, the ice surface was lowered below the ELA in an area that previously made up more than 50% of the accumulation area. Much slower retreat and glacier fluctuations of limited extent in the fjord channel system northeast of GCN occurred between around 14,000 to 11,000 cal. yr B.P. during both the Antarctic Cold Reversal and the Younger Dryas. This slow down of retreat indicates a decline in the general warming trend and/or increased precipitation, due to a southward migration of the westerlies. After around 11,000 cal. yr B.P. pollen distribution shows evolved Magellanic Rainforest and similar climate as at present, which lasted throughout most of the Holocene. Only Late Neoglacial moraine systems were formed in the period 1220–1460 AD, and subsequently in the 1620s AD, and between 1870 and 1910 AD. The results indicate that the Gran Campo Nevado ice cap has reacted more sensitive and partly distinct to climate change, compared to the Patagonian Ice Field.  相似文献   

Introduction to Planetary and Space Science special issue “astrobiology”     

Jan Toporski  Andrew Steele   《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(15):1563-1564

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