Certification of ERM‐EB400, the First Matrix Reference Material for Lead Isotope Amount Ratios,and ERM‐AE142, a Lead Solution Providing a Lead Isotopic Composition at the Edge of Natural Variation     

Jochen Vogl  Yong‐Hyeon Yim  Kyoung‐Seok Lee  Heidi Goenaga‐Infante  Dmitriy Malinovskiy  Sarah Hill  Tongxiang Ren  Jun Wang  Robert D. Vocke  Karen E. Murphy  Naoko Nonose  Olaf Rienitz  Janine Noordmann 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(1):23-37

Lead isotope amount ratios are commonly used in diverse fields such as archaeometry, geochemistry and forensic science. Currently, five reference materials with certified lead isotope amount ratios are available, namely NIST SRM 981, 982 and 983, GBW‐04442 and NMIJ 3681‐a. Only NIST SRM 981 and NMIJ 3681‐a have approximately natural isotopic compositions, and NIST SRM 981 is predominantly used for correcting mass discrimination/mass fractionation in the applied mass spectrometric procedures. Consequently, there is no other certified reference material available to be used for validation and/or quality control of the analytical procedures applied to lead isotope amount ratio measurements. To fill this gap, two new reference materials have been produced and certified for their lead isotope amount ratios. For both certified reference materials, complete uncertainty budgets have been calculated and SI traceability has been established. This provides the users with independent means for validating and verifying their analytical procedures and for conducting quality control measures. ERM‐EB400 is a bronze material with a nominal lead mass fraction of 45 mg kg^?1 and certified lead isotope amount ratios of n(²⁰⁶Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb) = 18.072(17) mol mol^?1, n(²⁰⁷Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb) = 15.578(18) mol mol^?1 and n(²⁰⁸Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb) = 38.075(46) mol mol^?1 with the associated expanded uncertainties (k = 2) given in brackets. ERM‐AE142 is a high‐purity solution of lead in 2% nitric acid with a nominal mass fraction of 100 mg kg^?1 and certified Pb isotope amount ratios of n(²⁰⁶Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb) = 21.114(17) mol mol^?1, n(²⁰⁷Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb) = 15.944(17) mol mol^?1 and n(²⁰⁸Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb) = 39.850(44) mol mol^?1 with the associated expanded uncertainties (k = 2) given in brackets. Both materials are specifically designed to fall within the natural lead isotopic variation and to assist users with the validation and verification of their analytical procedures. Note that while one of these reference materials requires the chemical separation of Pb from its matrix (ERM‐EB400), the other does not (ERM‐AE142). As additional information, δ^208/206Pb_{NIST SRM981} values are provided for both materials. For ERM‐AE142, a delta value of δ^208/206Pb_{NIST SRM981} = ?28.21(30)‰ was obtained, and for ERM‐EB400, a delta value of δ^208/206Pb_NIST SRM981= ?129.47(38)‰ was obtained, with the associated expanded uncertainties (k = 2) given in brackets.  相似文献   

The volatile content of hypabyssal kimberlite magmas: some constraints from experiments on natural rock compositions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard A. Brooker  R. Stephen J. Sparks  Janine L. Kavanagh  Matthew Field 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2011,73(8):959-981

Kimberlites are volatile rich magmas that ascend from deep in the mantle at high velocities, then as they reach a ‘root zone’ at 1–3 km in depth they either discharge explosively through to the surface or stall to form dykes and sills. Understanding this eruptive behaviour is difficult due to a lack of data on volatile solubility, particularly at conditions where the magmas enter the ‘root zone’ (∼30–80 MPa). In this study, we perform experiments on some putative primary kimberlite magma compositions to assess the amount of CO₂ and H₂O retained if these compositions represent magma as it enters the root zone. At the conditions investigated (100–200 MPa and 1,275–1,100°C) the results suggest that none of these particular kimberlite compositions reproduce a magma that can retain the observed high volatile content when intruded at these pressures (∼4–8 km). In our experiments, the low volatile retention is due to a combination of factors including a high proportion of solid phases, none of which are volatile-bearing, and inadequate volatile solubilities in the subordinate amounts of melt present. Modelled solubilities also suggest that the dissolved volatile contents remain too low even at super-liquidus temperatures (i.e. 100% melt). For water, the higher values observed in natural rocks can be explained by the addition of H₂O associated with ubiquitous post-emplacement serpentinization. The high CO₂ contents in hypabyssal rocks are unlikely to be related to alteration. We suggest that most kimberlites originally had lower SiO₂ contents and as such may have been ‘transitional’ between silicate and carbonate melts. This results in both higher CO₂ solubilities and lower liquidus temperatures. For such compositions, it is possible that both CO₂ and water solubility may first decrease and then increase as magmas decompress and crystallize. Such unusual behaviour can help explain why kimberlite magmas can be very explosive or form shallow hypabyssal intrusions.  相似文献   

Approaches to human geography: Philosophies,theories, people and practices          下载免费PDF全文

Janine Wiles 《New Zealand geographer》2016,72(1):76-77

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Evaluation and modelling of Tertiary source rocks in the central Arctic Ocean     

Ute Mann  Jochen Knies  Shyam Chand  Wilfried Jokat  Ruediger Stein  Janine Zweigel   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009,26(8):1624-1639

With the recently recovered organic-rich sediments of early Tertiary age from the Lomonosov Ridge by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302, the first data collection directly from source rocks of the central basins of the Arctic Ocean is now available. Using the results of seismic interpretations and published sedimentological and organic geochemical data from Expedition 302, the framework for the first quantitative assessment of source-rock quality and distribution of the Palaeogene sediments was modelled in the central Arctic Ocean. The modelling results suggest that an approximately 100-m-thick Early to Middle Eocene sedimentary sequence of good to very good source rocks exists along a 75 km long transect across the Lomonosov Ridge. In-situ generation of hydrocarbons is unlikely because the overburden (200–250 m) and consequently the thermal maturity are too low. Burial history and thermal modelling reveal that an additional overburden of at least 1000 m is necessary to start hydrocarbon generation along the ridge. However, source-rock modelling results show that good source-rock potential may exist in correlative units in the adjacent Amundsen Basin. Simulated organic carbon contents of 1.5–5%, coupled with an overburden of 1000–1200 m, and heat flow anomalies (117 and 100 mW m⁻²) due to the vicinity to the Gakkel Ridge spreading centre indicate that necessary conditions for hydrocarbon expulsion are already reached, and point to viability of a potential petroleum system. Our results support the hypothesis that deposition of a potentially good hydrocarbon source rock occurred across the entire Arctic Basin and adjacent margins during the early Tertiary.  相似文献   

Culture/Place/Health     

Janine Wiles 《New Zealand geographer》2002,58(2):79-79

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Tectonosedimentary subdivisions in the neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian cover of the taoudenni Basin (Algeria-Mauritania-Mali)     

Alexis Moussine-Pouchkine  Janine Bertrand-Sarfati 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1997,24(4):425-443

During two mapping campaigns in Algeria, in the eastern part of the northern edge of the Taoudenni Basin, the imprints of tectonic events in the sediments of the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian cover was observed. These were obviously linked to tectonic activity in the nearby domain of the Pan-African Orogenic Belt towards the east. This allows the definition of new subdivisions in the cover and the proposal of correlations with the Mauritanian part of the basin to the west, which can be extended to the entire northern Taoudenni Basin cover. A new geodynamic interpretation of the sedimentation history within the cratonic basin is proposed.  相似文献   

Geographies of care: A commentary     

Christine Milligan  Sarah Atkinson  Mark Skinner  Janine Wiles 《New Zealand geographer》2007,63(2):135-140

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Habitat influences Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) tissue decomposition in riparian and stream ecosystems     

Janine Rüegg  Courtney M. Currier  Dominic T. Chaloner  Scott D. Tiegs  Gary A. Lamberti 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(4):623-632

Decomposition incorporates organic material delivered by Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of streams where salmon spawn. We hypothesized that salmon tissue decomposition would be faster, and macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass higher, in terrestrial compared to aquatic habitats, and this would be reflected in the nutritional quality of the tissue. Salmon tissue in coarse-mesh bags was placed in four habitats [terrestrial: riparian (RIP), gravel bars (GRA); aquatic: stream sediment surface (STR), buried in sediments (BUR)] in four southeast Alaska watersheds. After 2 (RIP, GRA) or 4 (STR, BUR) weeks of decomposition, tissue dry mass, macronutrient content, and macroinvertebrate colonizer abundance and biomass were determined. Overall, tissue decomposition was rapid (mean k = 0.088 day^?1), while nutritional quality remained high based on elemental ratios (mean C:N = 4.9; C:P = 140; N:P = 30), and differed among habitats (Linear-mixed effects model p < 0.05). Macroinvertebrate assemblages colonizing carcasses were unique to each habitat, although Diptera generally dominated. In terrestrial habitats, the dominant macroinvertebrates were Sphaeroceridae (96 % of invertebrate abundance in RIP habitat) and Calliphoridae larvae (98 % in GRA habitat). In aquatic habitats, the dominant macroinvertebrates were Chironomidae (48 % in STR habitat) and Chloroperlidae (72 % in BUR habitat). Macroinvertebrate colonizer abundance and biomass were higher in RIP (mean 286 individuals and 22 mg g^?1) than in other habitats (mean 4 individuals and 3 mg g^?1) (Friedman p < 0.05). Rapid decomposition rates and high invertebrate biomass, combined with the high nutritional quality of tissue, suggest rapid incorporation of critical salmon nutrients and energy into both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.  相似文献