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251.
The degradation of acyclic petroleum hydrocarbons was studied during a 24-month experiment in Mediterranean coastal sediments (Gulf of Fos). Sediment cores entirely contaminated with oil (Arabian Light Crude Oil) were incubated in situ. The use of conservative tracers of sediment's particles reworking (luminophores) allowed the distinction of the reworked layer from the anoxic deeper sediments. Using the 17α,21βC30 hopane (C30H) as an inert internal reference, we could demonstrate that, after 24 months of experiment, acyclic petroleum hydrocarbons can be degraded under natural anaerobic conditions. The reactivity of individual alkanes appeared to depend on their chemical structure. To cite this article: D. Massias et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).To cite this article: D. Massias et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
252.
Marie Abboud-Abi Saab Jean-Claude Romano Nathaniel Bensoussan Milad Fakhri 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(15):1379-1390
Vertical temperature profiles were recorded from June 1999 to October 2002 (at least once a month) at two Mediterranean sites, in the eastern basin (Batroun, Lebanon; 0–100 m) and in the northwestern basin (Marseilles, France; 0–55 m). At the two sites, the thermal seasonal evolution and the thermocline time dynamics are quite identical. But in the Lebanese waters, at comparable water depths, temperatures are currently 4 to 5?°C higher than in the French waters, the thermocline is longer (more than 6 months), permanent and deeper (40–50 m) than in Marseilles (20–30 m). The latter frequently disappears in summer due to northwest winds inducing cold waters. This is principally due to differences in prevailing wind regimes at each site. Such evaluation, coupled with long-term observations of temporal evolution of coastal water at the regional level of the Mediterranean basins, will shed light on temperature regime fluctuations and their consequences in the context of global warming of the Mediterranean. To cite this article: M. Abboud-Abi Saab et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
253.
Natural deformation microstructures of feldspars have been investigated optically in augen gneisses and pegmatites from southern France that exhibit microstructures due to polyphase deformation. This deformation was produced in both cases under a pressure of about 2 Kb and a temperature decreasing from about 550° to 200–300°C.In microcline, recrystallization, tension gashes and shear planes are the most important microstructures observed. In plagioclase, shear planes and kink-bands prevail. The development of these structures is controlled primarily by three parameters: temperature, influence of the surrounding material and amount of bulk strain. The orientation of the planes of anisotropy of the minerals with respect to the compression axis is also important. Some perthitic patterns are ascribed to deformation. 相似文献
254.
The uptake of 237Np has been followed in the tissues of mussels, shrimp and crabs exposed to the actinide in sea-water under controlled conditions. Bioaccumulation was observed in all tissues examined with the highest concentration factors noted in the external shells of the three species. Despite some incorporation of 237Np into internal tissues, it is noteworthy that after prolonged exposure 92–98% of the organisms' total 237Np content was associated with the non-edible shells. The general behaviour of this toxic transuranic element in invertebrate tissues appears to be very similar to that of plutonium. 相似文献
255.
256.
Jean-Paul Toutain Jean-Claude Baubron Joseph Le Bronec Patrick Allard Pierre Briole Bernard Marty Gerarda Miele Dario Tedesco Giuseppe Luongo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1992,54(2):147-155
The increasing activity of Vulcano Island (Italy) since 1985 led to the initiation of continuous geochemical monitoring of the lateral soil gas emissions. On the basis both of their relative geochemical characteristics and of local considerations, three gaseous components were selected for monitoring, namely CO2, He and 222Rn. Monitoring has been performed by means of specific analysers. Gases extracted from a water well located at the foot of the active cone were selected for monitoring, on the basis of their geochemical and isotopic characters that indicate their genetic link with central high temperature fumarolic gases emitted at the crater. Very strong variations of gas composition can be observed within one day (from 1 to about 94% for CO2). Some variations display a daily character and can be correlated with that of atmospheric pressure. The three monitored gases are highly correlated, suggesting very high kinetics of gas transfer in the system. Because of these considerable variations of chemical composition, bulk concentrations obviously are not suitable for monitoring at Vulcano. However, the evolution with time of ratios such as 222Rn/CO2 and He/CO2 (the latter being corrected for atmospheric contamination) supplies numerical parameters that the expected to characterize the intensity of the degassing process. A new input of magmatic gases, that would lead to an increase in the 222Rn/CO2 and He/CO2 ratios, should therefore be detected by such a monitoring station. 相似文献
257.
Bruno Boulogne Patrick Cordier Jean-Claude Doukhan 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1988,16(3):250-261
Berlinite, AlPO4, is a structural analog of quartz and a number of physical properties are very similar in both materials. It is thus interesting to compare their mechanical properties and investigate the possible role of water. Constant strain rate tests on wet synthetic crystals have been performed at room temperature and at 600 MPa confining pressure. They indicate that \((000){1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 3}} \right. \kern-0em} 3}\langle 11\bar 20\rangle \) is the easy glide system. Detailled investigation of the crystal structure shows that the corresponding a dislocations can glide in such a way that only the weaker Al—O bonds are broken. This explains why this glide system is much more easily activated in berlinite than in quartz. Deformation experiments at higher temperature and at atmospheric pressure clearly show a thermally activated regime. However the actually available crystals are so rich in water that above 300° C the dislocation structure resulting from deformation is completely hidden by water precipitation and coarsening of the as-grown fluid inclusions. Like for wet quartz this later phenomenon generates numerous bubbles and sessile dislocation loops. 相似文献
258.
259.
Estuarine systems are complex environments where seasonal and spatial variations occur in concentrations of suspended particulate
matter, in primary constituents, and in organic matter content. This study investigated in the laboratory the flocculation
potential of estuarine-suspended particulate matter throughout the year in order to better identify the controlling factors
and their hierarchy. Kinetic experiments were performed in the lab with a “video in lab” device, based on a jar test technique,
using suspended sediments sampled every 2 months over a 14-month period at three stations in the Seine estuary (France). These
sampling stations are representative of (1) the upper estuary, dominated by freshwater, and (2) the middle estuary, characterized
by a strong salinity gradient and the presence of an estuarine turbidity maximum. Experiments were performed at a constant
low turbulent shear stress characteristic of slack water periods (i.e., a Kolmogorov microscale >1,000 μm). Flocculation processes
were estimated using three parameters: flocculation efficiency, flocculation speed, and flocculation time. Results showed
that the flocculation that occurred at the three stations was mainly influenced by the concentration of the suspended particulate
matter: maximum floc size was observed for concentrations above 0.1 g l−1 while no flocculation was observed for concentrations below 0.004 g l−1. Diatom blooms strongly enhanced flocculation speed and, to a lesser extent, flocculation efficiency. During this period,
the maximum flocculation speed of 6 μm min−1 corresponded to a flocculation time of less than 20 min. Salinity did not appear to automatically enhance flocculation, which
depended on the constituents of suspended sediments and on the content and concentration of organic matter. Examination of
the variability of 2D fractal dimension during flocculation experiments revealed restructuring of flocs during aggregation.
This was observed as a rapid decrease in the floc fractal dimension from 2 to 1.4 during the first minutes of the flocculation
stage, followed by a slight increase up to 1.8. Deflocculation experiments enabled determination of the influence of turbulent
structures on flocculation processes and confirmed that turbulent intensity is one of the main determining factors of maximum
floc size. 相似文献
260.
Wiam Khebizi Sidali Denine Jean Canou Jean-Claude Dupla 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(1):30-40
Soil improvement using fibres is widely used in soil stabilisation to prevent sand liquefaction. In order to study the undrained behaviour and liquefaction resistance of sand reinforced with polypropylene fibres, a series of triaxial compressive tests were conducted on unreinforced and reinforced Chlef sand with different contents of polypropylene fibres (0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8%). Samples were prepared at 30% and 80% relative densities representing loose and dense states respectively, and triaxial tests were performed at confining pressures of 50, 100 and 200 kPa. Tests results show that fibre inclusion has a significant effect on the shear strength and dilation of sandy soil. The increase in strength is function of fibre content, relative density and confining pressure. The maximum strength improvement for both loose and dense fibre-reinforced sand is more pronounced at higher confining pressure and at higher fibre content. 相似文献