Effect of climate change on water resources in the Yuanshui River Basin: a SWAT model assessment     

Yingdong Yu  Jiahong Liu  Zhiyong Yang  Yongqiang Cao  Jing Chang  Chao Mei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(11):270

The Yuanshui River Basin is one of the most important river basins ensuring food production and livelihoods in the Hunan and Guizhou Provinces of China. Based on digital elevation model, land use, soil, and meteorological data, the soil and water assessment tool was used to analyze the response of water resources in the basin to climate change. Specifically, the monthly runoff from the Yuanshui River Basin was simulated. Runoff measurements from the 1961–1990 series were used to calibrate model parameters, and measurements from the 1991–2010 series were used for model validation. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, correlation coefficient, and water balance error were used to evaluate the simulation results; the values obtained for these parameters were 0.925, 0.929, and 2.0%, respectively, indicating that the established model can be applied successfully to runoff simulations. To evaluate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff, 24 different climate scenarios were modeled. By comparing the model simulation results with the baseline scenario, the effects of climate change were analyzed by year, during the dry season, and during extremely dry conditions. The results showed that runoff decreased with increasing air temperature and decreasing precipitation, and that the effects of rainfall on runoff were greater than those of air temperature. Under the same baseline conditions, the effects of climate change on runoff were most pronounced during extremely dry months.  相似文献   

Geotechnical design parameter evaluation using the alluvial plain characteristics in southeastern Iraq     

Jinung Do  Ong Heo  Yeo-Won Yoon  Ilhan Chang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(20):647

Geotechnical construction is responsible for the overall stability of superstructures, and if there are design errors, the structure will be exposed to potential problems. Geotechnical design starts with the correct interpretation of the target ground. Southeastern Iraq is mainly comprised of an alluvial plain with diverse geological features, and, therefore, geotechnical design requires a detailed interpretation and understanding of the area. This paper reports on laboratory and field tests and in-depth analyses conducted on these alluvial plains. The results reveal that the upper layer of this area is highly over-consolidated. This may have been caused by the removal of overburden pressure as a result of glaciation and desiccation. The highly over-consolidated soils caused considerable sample disturbance by swelling the bored sample; this provided less reliable results. However, the cone penetration test was regarded as the most appropriate field assessment method for deriving sensible geotechnical design parameters. Despite its limitations in clayey soils, the standard penetration test provided results that matched well with previous observations due to the high penetration resistance of the highly over-consolidated ground. Down-hole tests and plate load tests were considered less reliable methods due to their limited applicability in this area. This study considers geographical features, laboratory methods, and empirical correlations from in situ tests, and, therefore, provides a well-summarized guideline to evaluate special geotechnical characteristics of the alluvial plain in southeastern Iraq.  相似文献   

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用检测土壤中的无机硒形态   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

秦冲  施畅  万秋月  王磊  刘爱琴  安彩秀 《岩矿测试》2018,37(6):664-670

土壤样品中亚硒酸盐Se(Ⅳ)和硒酸盐Se(Ⅵ)的形态分析中,提取剂的选择和检测方法是技术的关键。以往的提取剂容易导致硒形态发生转变或无法同时提取Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ),常用的氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法无法直接测定Se(Ⅵ),而是通过差减法得出Se(Ⅵ)含量。本文对比了不同提取剂的提取能力,确定使用0. 1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液作为提取剂,在55℃超声萃取土壤样品30 min,提取液经高效液相色谱分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱检测,建立了土壤中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的形态分析方法。采用Hamilton PRP X-100色谱柱,以6 mmol/L柠檬酸为流动相,pH=5. 5,在8 min内可完全分离Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ),两者的检出限分别为0. 15μg/L、0. 16μg/L,线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0. 999。以土壤为基体进行加标回收试验,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的回收率在84. 2%～95. 8%之间,相对标准偏差为1. 4%～5. 3%(n=6)。该方法简单快速,具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于土壤中无机硒的形态分析。  相似文献   

丹阳天王寺边坡稳定性评价及防治措施     

余成  葛伟亚  常晓军 《江苏地质》2018,42(2):345-348

针对苏南地区典型露采边坡的地层岩性及地质构造特点,以极限平衡理论为基础,运用GeoStudio软件中的SLOPE/W模块和VADOSE/W模块计算分析江苏丹阳天王寺边坡在天然工况、暴雨工况及地震工况下的稳定性。结果表明:天然工况下,潜在滑动面分布范围最小,稳定性最高,存在滑动的危险性;暴雨工况下,潜在滑动面分布范围有所增大,稳定性降低,边坡滑动的可能性较大;地震工况下,潜在滑动面分布范围最广,稳定性最低,边坡滑动的可能性很大。基于上述结果,提出防治措施。  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of significant wave height between a new Southern Ocean buoy and satellite altimeter          下载免费PDF全文

Jianjun Kang  Runyu Mao  Yiting Chang  Hongli Fu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(5):49-55

中国于2019年第35次南极考察中,首次在南大洋布放了锚系实时综合观测浮标(西风带海洋环境监测浮标,WEMB),为深入了解此海区的海洋环境变化提供了宝贵资料.国家海洋技术中心WEMB研究团队基于AVISO公开发布的多颗卫星高度计L3产品,通过数据配对,误差统计和最小二乘线性拟合等方法,对西风带海洋环境监测浮标的有效波高数据误差进行了分析与校正.校正后的浮标有效波高统计显示西风带常年处于大浪以上海况,观测期间内57％处于巨浪海况,并且伴随有高度相关的大风天气.  相似文献   

A comparative analysis of the NDVIg and NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology changes in the Northern Hemisphere     

Qing Chang  Wenzhe Jiao  Fengmei Yao 《国际地球制图》2018,33(1):1-20

Phenology is a sensitive and critical feature of vegetation and is a good indicator for climate change studies. The global inventory modelling and mapping studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) has been the most widely used data source for monitoring of the vegetation dynamics over large geographical areas in the past two decades. With the release of the third version of the NDVI (GIMMS NDVI3g) recently, it is important to compare the NDVI3g data with those of the previous version (NDVIg) to link existing studies with future applications of the NDVI3g in monitoring vegetation phenology. In this study, the three most popular satellite start of vegetation growing season (SOS) extraction methods were used, and the differences between SOSg and SOS3g arising from the methods were explored. The amplitude and the peak values of the NDVI3g are higher than those of the NDVIg curve, which indicated that the SOS derived from the NDVIg (SOSg) was significantly later than that derived from the NDVI3g (SOS3g) based on all the methods, for the whole northern hemisphere. In addition, SOSg and SOS3g both showed an advancing trend during 1982–2006, but that trend was more significant with SOSg than with SOS3g in the results from all three methods. In summary, the difference between SOSg and SOS3g (in the multi-year mean SOS, SOS change slope and the turning point in the time series) varied among the methods and was partly related to latitude. For the multi-year mean SOS, the difference increased with latitude intervals in the low latitudes (0–30°N) and decreased in the mid- and high-latitude intervals. The GIMMS NDVI3g data-sets seemed more sensitive than the GIMMS NDVIg in detecting information about the ground, and the SOS3g data were better correlated both with the in situ observations and the SOS derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI. For the northern hemisphere, previous satellite measures (SOS derived from GIMMS NDVIg) may have overestimated the advancing trend of the SOS by an average of 0.032 d yr^–1.  相似文献   

基于样条函数的海岸带变化监测影像局部配准优势分析     

许会芳  孙畅  郑丹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(5):168-169

海岸带变化监测以遥感影像为矢量更新依据。在实际应用中,由于数据源复杂,全色影像与底图套合、多光谱影像与全色配准容易出现局部超限,为项目生产带来一定的难度。本文主要介绍利用样条函数进行影像的局部配准以满足项目精度要求。  相似文献   

基于PixelGrid的标准时点核准影像单景几何纠正方法研究     

王菲菲  孙畅  袁如金 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(8):146-148

地理国情普查是国务院部署的重大项目,其中,第一次全国地理国情普查标准时点核准工作于2015年正式启动。面对多源的卫星遥感数据,对于影响因素复杂区域很难实现影像的自动纠正,因而,本文主要介绍了利用PixelGrid软件进行单景影像几何纠正的方法,为其他项目的困难区域影像处理提供参考。  相似文献   

豫西汝阳群、洛峪群碎屑锆石年代学特征及其地质意义     

刘欢  李怀坤  田辉  常青松  张健 《地质学报》2021,95(8):2436-2452

华北克拉通南缘"豫陕裂陷槽"发育大量中—新元古代地层,其中汝阳群和洛峪群分布于渑池—确山地层小区,其形成时代一直存有争议.本文针对汝阳群和洛峪群沉积岩进行了系统的碎屑锆石年代学研究工作,结合地层发育和岩石组合分析,为建立华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层框架提供依据.根据云梦山组下部碎屑锆石中获得年轻锆石年龄平均值1723.6 Ma,结合前人从洛峪群凝灰岩夹层中获得的年代学资料(1611±8 Ma、1640±16 Ma、1638±9 Ma、1634±10 Ma),将汝阳群-洛峪群的沉积时限限定在1720～1600 Ma之间.本文所采集的云梦山组、白草坪组和崔庄组样品中碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别在2657～1739 Ma、2712～1780 Ma和2654～1819 Ma之间,说明三个组沉积物质主要来源于古元古代地质体,部分为新太古代地质体.鲁山地区发育的新太古代—古元古代的太华杂岩,登封地区发育的新太古代登封群以及古元古代嵩山群和花岗质岩石等,均可为中—新元古代沉积岩提供物源.豫西地区汝阳群-洛峪群碎屑锆石中～2.7 Ga、～2.5 Ga、2.1～2.0 Ga和1.85～1.8 Ga的年龄谱峰值分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件.越来越多资料显示华北克拉通在2.2～2.0Ga时期存在强烈的岩浆活动,豫西地区～2.1 Ga的岩浆作用也逐渐被识别出来.  相似文献   

东海内陆架泥质体远端表层沉积物孢粉分布规律及其环境意义     

袁忠鹏  胡刚  王永红  黄畅  贾仲佳  梁伟强  彭锦 《沉积学报》2021,39(3):610-620

东海内陆架泥质沉积区是全新世高海平面时期以来形成的重要地貌单元,其包含了高分辨率沉积环境与气候变化信息,对该地区现代沉积环境及其影响条件的分析,将有助于长时间尺度古记录识别与反演。孢粉是研究植被和气候环境的重要代用指标,通过对东海内陆架泥质沉积区远端海域150个表层沉积物样品的孢粉分析,揭示了孢粉特征的分布规律,并探讨了其影响因素和传播机制。结果显示:研究区内共鉴定出93个孢粉类型,其中木本植物花粉47个,草本植物花粉28个,蕨类植物孢子12个,藻类孢子6个。松属花粉含量占有绝对优势,其次为禾本科;研究区孢粉浓度呈现近岸浓度高,随着离岸距离的增加而降低的整体规律。进一步研究表明,各孢粉类型的分布和传播机制不同,主要是受邻岸植被和水流作用影响。松属花粉在近岸区域呈现高浓度分布,可能是受季风和水流强度的共同影响;栎属、草本植物花粉的传播都和洋流有关;蕨类孢子仅仅出现一个高值区,可能是海底地形和海流相互作用的结果。孢粉指示的现代沉积环境研究结果将有助于泥质区沉积记录识别与古环境重建。  相似文献