2008年初南方雨雪冰冻灾害天气的大气层结和地面特征的数值模拟   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

孙建华  赵思雄 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(4):510-519

冬季的雨雪预报,尤其是冻雨的预报涉及多种尺度系统与复杂物理因素的影响。为了探讨这方面的问题,作者采用中尺度数值模式MM5对2008年初我国南方持续性雨雪、冰冻灾害天气中的1月26～29日过程做了模拟试验研究,并根据模拟结果对1月26～29日期间的水汽条件、地面特征和大气层结条件等重要环境条件进行了分析。分析指出,模拟结果能基本再现冬季这种持续性过程的降水带分布;长江或江南地区的准静止锋的存在,水汽在锋前对流层低层辐合,并沿锋面向上爬升凝结,爬升到达的高度和强水汽带的宽度与观测基本一致。模式还能再现有利于冻雨产生的层结条件,包括中层冻结层、暖层、逆温层和地面温度0℃线的位置;研究指出,利用模式输出的层结、地面条件以及降水状况可以大致得到冻雨可能发生的范围。  相似文献   

谱模式SAMIL对南亚季风区大气季节内振荡向北传播的模拟     

贾小龙  李崇银  凌健 《大气科学》2008,32(5):1037-1050

基于与NCEP资料结果的比较,研究了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的大气环流模式SAMIL对夏季南亚季风区季节内振荡（ISO）向北传播特征的模拟,并结合目前对ISO北传机制的理解对模拟结果进行了分析讨论。SAMIL在夏季南亚地区模拟出相当强度的季节内振荡的活动,并且模拟的ISO也表现出与NCEP资料相似的从赤道向北传播的特征,但传播的速度要慢于NCEP资料的结果。模拟的北传ISO具有与NCEP资料相似的结构特征,涡度和水汽场明显的呈经向不对称,涡度和水汽的正异常位于ISO对流的北面,最大的上升运动和最强的行星边界层辐合也位于ISO对流的北面。ISO 结构的经向不对称性正是模式模拟的ISO具有向北传播特征的原因;而模式对夏季南亚季风区高低层风场和行星边界层水汽的合理模拟起了关键的作用。同时,根据关于ISO北传机理的已有研究,模式的结果也表明南亚地区夏季风场的垂直结构是那里ISO向北传播的重要机制。  相似文献   

Comparison of Temperature Changes in Urban and Rural Areas of Huizhou During 1961-2004          下载免费PDF全文

Li Minghua  Gong Fei  Huang Jian  Yang Liu  Xiao Bingkun 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(4)

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2008年广西严重低温雨雪冰冻天气过程分析   总被引：23，自引：13，他引：10  

陈见  高安宁  黄明策  赵金彪 《气象研究与应用》2008,29(2):5-8,14

利用T213、ECMW F数值预报资料和MICAPS提供的常规观测资料,对这次极端天气事件成因进行分析,表明造成这次长时间低温雨雪冰冻天气的主要原因有:(1)北半球东亚倒Ω流型使大气环流长时间稳定,使北支、南支锋区偏南,极地冷空气不断补充南下影响到江南、华南,华南静止锋在沿海长时间维持,锋区强度大;(2)南支槽活跃,西南暖湿气流持续向我国南方输送,冷暖空气在华南上空交汇,导致广西出现长时间的降水;(3)逆温层维持时间长,长时间的降水普遍以小雨为主,容易形成过冷水滴,雨淞范围从贵州、湖南南扩至广西北部,造成道路结冰、电线积冰等次生灾害,灾情严重。  相似文献   

雷电防护技术在现代建筑中的应用   总被引：16，自引：14，他引：2  

潘军  钟一帆  蒙剑 《气象研究与应用》2008,29(3):49-50,54

针对建筑物遭受雷击的危害及方式,探讨建筑工程设计与施工中应采取的各种防雷措施,以及防雷装置安装与使用中值得注意的问题.  相似文献   

Climate Change in China Congruent with the Linear Trends of the Annular Modes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

周天军  李建 《大气和海洋科学快报》2008,1(1):1-7

The authors exploit the remarkable connection between the Chinese climate trends and the annular modes by partitioning the trends into components linearly congruent with and linearly independent of the annular modes. Results show that the winter hemisphere annular mode has closer connection to Chinese climate than the summer one, e.g., the wetting JJA (June-July-August) rainfall trend along the Yangtze River valley and the associated temperature trends are significantly linearly congruent with the trend of the southern annular mode, while the JFM (January-February-March) climate trends are closely linked to the northern annular mode. The seasonal differences of a meridional wave-train-like chain across the equatorial Pacific associated with the annular modes are responsible for the seasonal-dependent connections to Chinese climate. Citation: Zhou, T. J., and J. Li, 2008: Climate change in China congruent with the linear trends of the annular modes, Atmos. Oceanic Sci. Lett., 1, 1-7  相似文献   

城市基础地理信息服务的变革应对   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

李黎  李剑 《测绘与空间地理信息》2005,28(3):35-38

面对需求日益旺盛的基础地理信息市场和不断创新发展的技术及其应用,本文概述了城市测绘单位如何采取新的市场对策、新的服务理念和适宜的技术路线去应对这场变革  相似文献   

Correlation between local structure and molar ratio of Au (III) complexes in aqueous solution: An XAS investigation     

Xing Chen  Wangsheng Chu  Dongliang Chen  Zhonghua Wu  A. Marcelli  Ziyu Wu   《Chemical Geology》2009,268(1-2):74-80

The local and geometrical structure around gold (III) e.g., Au³⁺ ions in aqueous solution with different OH⁻/Cl⁻ molar ratios, has been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of [AuCl_n(OH)_4−n]⁻ solutions have been calculated and the multiple-scattering spectral features have been attributed to Cl d-states, axial water molecules and the replacement of Cl⁻ ligands by OH⁻ ligands. A square–planar geometry for [AuCl_n(OH)_4−n]⁻ with two axial water molecules has been identified. Moreover, a spectral correlation between XANES features and the type of planar atoms has been identified. By extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra (EXAFS), the planar Au bond distances in the solutions have also been determined, e.g., 2.28 Å for Au–Cl and 1.98 Å for Au–O, respectively. The same EXAFS analysis provides evidence that the peak at about 4.0 Å in solutions with the lowest OH⁻/Cl⁻ molar ratio arises from collinear Cl–Au–Cl multiple-scattering contributions. For the first time, a complete detailed reconstruction of the hydration structure of an Au ion at different pH values has been achieved.  相似文献   

Mechanism of the Anlesi landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Wenxing Jian  Zhijian Wang  Kunlong Yin 《Engineering Geology》2009,108(1-2):86-95

Many gentle dip translational rock slides have taken place in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. In order to study the mechanism of these translational rock slides, the authors use the Anlesi landslide as a typical case study to investigate in detail. Field investigations show that the slip zones of the Anlesi landslide were formed from a white mudstone in Jurassic red strata. X-ray diffraction and infrared ray analysis showed that the main mineral components of the slip zones are montmorillonite, illite, feldspar and quartz. Laboratory tests indicate that the slip zone soils are silty clay, of medium-swelling potential, the shear strength decreasing significantly as the slip zone attracts water and saturates.The main factors contributing to the Anlesi landslide are recent tectonic activity, incompetent beds, and intensive rainfall. Recent tectonic activity had caused shear failure along the incompetent beds, and joints within the sandstone. With the effect of intensive rainfall, water percolates to the incompetent beds along tectonic fissures, resulting in swelling of the soil material and high groundwater pressures within fissures in the strata. As a consequence, the Anlesi slope is prone to slide along these incompetent beds.Flac3D software was used to simulate the mechanism of the Anlesi landslide considering the rheological properties of soil and rock. The simulation results demonstrate that the stress, displacement and failure area changes with simulated creep time. The maximum displacement in the X direction reaches 7.59 m after 200-year simulated creep. Therefore, the mechanism of the Anlesi landslide can be illustrated considering the rheological properties of Jurassic red strata.  相似文献   

基于Oracle数据库的专题地理数据模型     

孟庆君  刘健  王飞  吴江 《测绘科学技术学报》2005,22(2):151-153

对Oracle Spatial组件中空间数据存储结构及对象关系数据模型进行了分析,然后结合专题地理数据库课题,提出了一种运用Oracle数据库的组件Oracle Spatial来管理专题地理数据的数据模型.并对这种数据模型的完整性和正确性进行了分析验证,取得了良好的效果.  相似文献