全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1432篇 |
免费 | 88篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 41篇 |
大气科学 | 144篇 |
地球物理 | 475篇 |
地质学 | 456篇 |
海洋学 | 129篇 |
天文学 | 186篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
自然地理 | 92篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 64篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 84篇 |
2012年 | 75篇 |
2011年 | 73篇 |
2010年 | 77篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 43篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 44篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
1963年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1545条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Jean-Franois Lnat Patrick Bachlery Alain Bonneville Pascal Tarits Jean-Louis Chemine Hugues Delorme 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1989,36(1-3)
On December 4, 1983 an eruption started at vents located 1.5 km southwest of the summit of Piton de la Fournaise at the base of the central cone. After 31 months of quiescence this was one of the longest repose period in the last fifty years. The eruption had two phases: December 4 to January 18 and January 18 to February 18. Phase 1 produced about 8 × 106 m3 of lava and Phase II about 9 × 106 m3. The erupted lava is an aphyric basalt whose mineralogical and geochemical composition is close to that of other lavas emitted since 1977.The precursors of the December 4 outbreak were limited to two-week shallow (1.5–3 km) seismic crisis of fewer than 50 events. No long-term increase was noted in the local seismicity which is very quiet during repose periods and no long-term ground inflation preceded the eruption. Outbreaks of Phases I and II were preceded by short (2.5 hours and 1.5 hours) seismic swarms corresponding to the rise of magma toward the surface from a shallow reservoir. Large ground deformation explained by the emplacement of the shallow intrusions, was recorded during the seismic swarms. A summit inflation was observed in early January, before the phase II outbreak, while the phase I eruption was still continuing.Piton de la Fournaise volcanological observatory was installed in 1980. Seismic and ground deformation data now available for a period of 4 years including the 1981 and the 1983–1984 eruptions, allow us to describe the physical behavior of the volcano during this period. These observations lead us to propose that the magma transfer from deep levels to the shallow magma reservoir is not a continuous process but a periodic one and that the shallow magma reservoir was not resupplied before the 1981 and 1983–1984 eruptions. Considerations on the eruptive history and the composition of recent lavas indicate that the reservoir was refilled in 1977. 相似文献
82.
H. Delorme P. Bachlery P.A. Blum J.L. Chemine J.F. Delarue J.C. Delmond A. Hirn J.C. Lepine P.M. Vincent J. Zlotnicki 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1989,36(1-3)
From May 1985 to April 1986 five discrete eruptions have occurred at Piton de la Fournaise volcano. On March the 17th, a sixth episode began with four distinct stages. They took place along the southeast rift zone of the volcano, from the summit to the sea coast. It was the first rift zone eruption in the south since 1800 A.D. and the first ever monitored at Piton de la Fournaise volcano.Three fissural vents opened at decreasing altitude emitting about 12 to 15 × 106 m3 of olivine basalts between 19th March and 1st April. Strong seismic activity was accompanied by deformation of the summit area, and large-scale variations of the magnetic field. A summital event characterized the end of the flank activity with collapse of a new pit-crater and outflow of small amounts of degassed aphyric basalt. 相似文献
83.
84.
Milan Hvoždara Ladislav Brimich Reviewer L. Skalský 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1988,32(2):129-135
Summary The thermo-elastic deformations due to the annual temperature variation are computed. The time variation of these deformations is compared with the variation of the slow deformations observed at the tidal station in Vyhne.
Dedicated to RNDr Jan Pícha, CSc on his 70th birthday 相似文献
u mnu ¶rt;auu, a¶rt; auau mnam nmu a nnmama. ¶rt; mu ¶rt;au a ¶rt; ¶rt; ¶rt;au, u a nuu mauu ().
Dedicated to RNDr Jan Pícha, CSc on his 70th birthday 相似文献
85.
Summary The paper presents comprehensive theory based on the boundary integral method for calculations of the electric potential,
electric field and corresponding magnetic field due to a pair of D.C. source electrodes near a vertical resistivity contact
in the halfspace, indlucing a 3-D disturbing body in the vicinity of the contact. Special attention is paid to the case when
the disturbing body touches the vertical contact. Results of numerical calculations are presented in the form of sounding
curves and a set of isoline graphs for potential, components of the electric and magnetic field (total and anomalous) on the
surface of the Earth. It is shown that the presence of the disturbing body at the contact is most pronounced in the electrical
characteristics. Anomalies in the magnetic field are small in comparison to the field due to the electric current in the electrode
cable and primary currents flowing from the electrodes. 相似文献
86.
Vibrational modelling is at the present time the only known way to predict the heat capacities of the Earth's mantle minerals at high-pressure and high-temperature. To test the validity of this method for λ-type transitions, we have applied it to the α-β quartz transition (T 0=846±1 K). Raman spectra of quartz were recorded up to 900 K. Measured frequency shifts of the α-quartz Raman modes were then used in conjunction with available high-pressure Raman data to calculate intrinsic mode anharmonicity, through the parameter a i=(?Lnvi/?T)v. Vibrational modelling of the heat capacity at constant volume, Cv, and at constant pressure, Cp, including anharmonic corrections deduced from the a i parameters, are compared to experimental data. Taking into account the soft-mode associated to the α-β quartz transition, the model reproduces the excess of Cp related to the transition. Then, this study confirms that detecting a soft-mode from vibrational data allows one to predict λ-type transitions. However, when modelling the thermodynamic properties, the contribution of a soft-mode cannot be established from spectroscopic data. Therefore, one needs first to determine this contribution in order to predict the heat capacities of Earth's mantle minerals displaying λ-type transitions. In α-quartz, this contribution has been determined as 0.007% of the total number of the optic modes in the model of the density of states. 相似文献
87.
The results of X-ray induced photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments on several phases of the ternary system Tl-Sb-S are reported. The binding energies of the inner S, Sb and Tl electrons increase with increasing quantities of Sb and decreasing amounts of Tl in these compounds. This is explained by the influences of the proportions of the bonded metals on the effective electron affinity of S. The higher proportions of the more electronegative element bonded to S cause the increase of its effective electron affinity. The results for Tl2S (carlinite), Tl3SbS3, TlSbS2 (weissbergite), TlAsS2 (lorandite) and Sb2S3 (antimonite) can be interpreted in this way. The results for Tl4S3 suggest a predominantly covalent character of bonding for both Tl(III) and Tl(I), which are present in this sulfide. From comparison with Tl3SbS4 it could be supposed that Tl(III)-S bond has a more covalent character than Sb(V)-S bond. The results for Tl3SbS4 are in agreement with crystal structure data and the results of Moessbauer spectroscopy. For AsS (realgar) the binding energies of the inner electrons of As and S significantly increase, showing that the electrons in molecular orbitals are less strongly bonded to individual atoms, as compared to pure elements. The results for the amorphous TlSb5S8 (corresponding in composition to parapierrotite) suggest that in amorphous compound the Tl-S bonding is stronger and the coordination of Tl more regular than in a crystalline one. 相似文献
88.
89.
John W. Morgan Marie-Josée Janssens H. Takahashi Jan Hertogen Edward Anders 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(1):247-259
We have analyzed 10 H-chondrites for 20 trace elements, using RNAA. The meteorites included 4 of petrologic type 4 and 2 each of types 3, 5 and 6.The data show that H-chondrites are not isochemical. H3's are depleted by some 10% not only in Fe (Dodd, 1976), but also in the siderophiles Os, Re, Ir, Ni, Pd, Au, and Ge. Moreover, the abundance pattern of siderophiles varies systematically with petrologic type. As similar fractionations of REE have been observed by Nakamura (1974), it appears that both the proportions and compositions of the main nebular condensates varied slightly during accretion of the H-chondrites. Thus the higher petrologic types are independent nebular products, not metamorphosed descendants of lower petrologic types.Abundances of highly volatile elements (Cs, Br, Bi, Tl, In, Cd, Ar36) correlate with petrologic type, declining by ≤ 10?3 from Type 3 to Type 6. The trends differ from those for artificially heated Type 3's (Ikramuddinet al., 1977b; Herzoget al., 1979), but agree passably with theoretical curves for nebular condensation. Apparently the low volatile contents of higher petrologic types are a primary feature, not the result of metamorphic loss.The mineralogy of chondrites suggests that they accreted between 405 K (absence of Fe3O4) and 560 K (presence of FeS), and the abundances of Tl, Bi, and In further restrict this interval to 420–500 K. Accretion at 1070 ± 100 K, as proposed by Hutchisonet al. (1979, 1980), leads to some extraordinary problems. Volatiles must be injected into the parent body after cooling, which requires permeation of the body by 1011 times its volume of nebular gas. This process must also achieve a uniform distribution of the less volatile elements (Rb, Cu, Ag, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sn, Sb, Se, F), without freezeout in the colder outer layers.Factor analysis of our data shows 3 groupings: siderophiles (Os, Re, Ir, Ni, Pd, Au, and Ge), volatiles (Ag, Br, In, Cd, Bi, and Tl) and alkalis (Rb and Cs). The remaining 5 elements (U, Zn, Te, Se, and Sb) remain unassociated. 相似文献
90.
Libuše Ruprechtová Klára Mrázová Jaroslav Fiedler Reviewer A. Zátopek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1984,28(3):286-293
Summary The calculation procedures for determining epicentre parameters of weak near shocks with foci in Poland are discussed and tested for explosions with known epicentres.
m m¶rt; ¶rt; n¶rt;u num a uu m num nmua n auauu, u mu a mumuu u, n muu ¶rt;au uu mau. au mam nam (a. 4) nu nuuu na 71 u m ¶rt;u n¶rt; ¶rt; a auu ¶rt;a [11].相似文献