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241.
Accidental marine pollution can have major ecological and economic consequences at national and trans-national levels, and there is a need to achieve a better integration of science into actual decision-making systems to support prevention measures, response systems and management activities.. Effective linking mechanisms between R&D and end-users/policy stakeholders are required to ensure the relevance of R&D, effective uptake of R&D outputs, and suitable policy development. Different issues and barriers to effectively link accidental marine pollution R&D effort to end-users concerns and needs and to develop a trans-national strategic approach are identified, analysed, and further developed into recommendations. 相似文献
242.
Remarkable variability in dyke features at the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex,Southern Central Andes 下载免费PDF全文
Silvina Guzmán Marco Neri Roberto Carniel Joan Martí Pablo Grosse Carolina Montero‐López Adelina Geyer 《地学学报》2017,29(4):224-232
Dykes at the Vicuña Pampa Volcanic Complex, which are mostly basaltic (trachy)‐andesite and (trachy)‐andesite, are exposed at the base and along the walls of a large depression resulting from intense degradation. Dykes intruding stiff layers (lavas, plugs and necks) are thin, mostly dip >60° and have coherent textures, whereas dykes intruding more compliant materials (breccias and conglomerates) tend to be thicker, have lower dips and have coherent, brecciated or mixed textures (coherent and brecciated textural domains in a single or compound dyke). Single dykes with brecciated and mixed textures are only found intruding near‐surface units. Dykes with mixed textures always have sharp contacts between domains. Dykes with sinuous domain contacts and enclaves of one domain inside the other are interpreted as resulting from dyke arrest, partial cooling and reinjection of new magma. Dykes with straight domain contacts are considered to be compound dykes, with a new dyke intruding along the margins of an older, solidified one. 相似文献
243.
Joan Llusia Josep Pe?uelas Roger Seco Iolanda Filella 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2012,69(3):215-230
We studied the daily patterns in the rates of terpene emissions by the montane holm oak, Quercus ilex, in three typical days of winter and three typical days of summer in Montseny, a natural park near Barcelona, and related them to the air concentrations of terpenes, ozone and NO2. Terpene emission rates were about 10 times higher in summer than in winter. Emissions virtually stopped in the dark. In both seasons, rates of terpene emissions were well correlated with light, air temperature and relative humidity. Rates of emissions were also correlated with stomatal conductance and the rates of transpiration and photosynthesis. Almost all the individual terpenes identified followed the same pattern as total terpenes. The most abundant terpene was ??-pinene, followed by sabinene + ??-pinene, limonene, myrcene, camphene and ??-phellandrene. Atmospheric terpene concentrations were also about 10 times higher in summer than in winter. A significant diurnal pattern with maxima at midday was observed, especially in summer. The increase by one order of magnitude in the concentrations of these volatile isoprenoids highlights the importance of local biogenic summer emissions in these Mediterranean forested areas which also receive polluted air masses from nearby or distant anthropic sources. Atmospheric concentrations of O3 and NO2 were also significantly higher in summer and at midday hours. In both seasons, concentrations of O3 were significantly correlated with concentrations of terpenes and NO2 in the air and with rates of terpene emission. 相似文献
244.
245.
Francisco J. Sierro Nils Andersen Maria A. Bassetti Serge Bern Miquel Canals Jason H. Curtis Bernard Dennielou Jose Abel Flores Jaime Frigola Beatriz Gonzalez-Mora Joan O. Grimalt David A. Hodell Gwenael Jouet Marta Prez-Folgado Ralph Schneider 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2867-2881
Direct traces of past sea levels are based on the elevation of old coral reefs at times of sea level highstands. However, these measurements are discontinuous and cannot be easily correlated with climate records from ice cores. In this study we show a new approach to recognizing the imprint of sea level changes in continuous sediment records taken from the continental slope at locations that were continuously submerged, even during periods of sea level lowstand. By using a sediment core precisely synchronized with Greenland ice cores, we were able to recognize major floods of the Mediterranean continental shelf over the past 270 kyr. During the last glacial period five flooding events were observed at the onset of the warmest Greenland interstadials. Consistent correspondence between warm climate episodes and eustatic sea level rises shows that these global flooding events were generated by pronounced melting of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, due to rapid intensification of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.The method described in this study opens a new perspective for inter-hemispheric synchronization of marine climate records if applied in other continental margins from the Southern Hemisphere or the equatorial regions. 相似文献
246.
Robert J. Kieber Nichole E. Parler Stephen A. Skrabal Joan D. Willey 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,60(2):153-168
Mercury speciation was determined in rainwater from 76 storms in southeastern North Carolina between September 1, 2003 and
September 30, 2005. Volume-weighted average concentrations of total Hg (THg), total dissolved Hg (TDHg), particulate Hg (Hgpart) and dissolved monomethyl Hg (MMHg) were 45.5 pM, 34.8 pM, 12.0 pM and 1.1 pM respectively. TDHg accounted for 77% of THg
in precipitation which is similar to Cu but significantly higher than Cr or Fe. Concentrations of the various Hg species were
very similar during summer and winter indicating that there was not a dominant seasonal influence on Hg speciation in rainwater
at this location. THg, TDHg, and MMHg concentrations were also not significantly impacted by storm origin suggesting that
they are relatively well mixed regionally and that air mass back trajectory is not the dominant factor controlling their concentration
at this location. Concentrations of TDHg and Hgpart were inversely correlated in rainwater samples subjected to irradiation with simulated sunlight, suggesting the distribution
between dissolved and particulate Hg may be controlled by photochemical transformations. Unlike TDHg and Hgpart, no significant changes in MMHg were observed upon photolysis of rainwater indicating that its distribution is not significantly
driven by sunlight-mediated reactions, in contrast to what has been observed in surface waters. Results presented in this
study indicate that the speciation of Hg in rainwater is dynamic and is driven by a complex combination of natural and anthropogenic
processes as well as interactions with sunlight. 相似文献
247.
248.
Paolo Scussolini Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia Valentí Rull Juan Pablo Corella Blas Valero-Garcés Joan Gomà 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,46(3):369-385
During the middle and late Holocene, the Iberian Peninsula underwent large climatic and hydrologic changes, but the temporal
resolution and regional distribution of available palaeoenvironmental records is still insufficient for a comprehensive assessment
of the regional variability. The high sedimentation rate in karstic, meromictic Montcortès Lake (Catalan pre-Pyrenees) allows
for a detailed reconstruction of the regional palaeoecology over the last 5,340 years using diatom analysis, aquatic pollen,
sedimentological data, and historic documentary records. Results show marked fluctuations in diatom species assemblage composition,
mainly between dominant Cyclotella taxa and small Fragilariales. We suggest that the conspicuous alternation between Cyclotella comta and C. cyclopuncta reflects changes in trophic state, while the succession of centric and pennate species most likely reflects changes in the
hydrology of the lake. The diatom assemblages were used to identify six main phases: (1) high productivity and likely lower
lake levels before 2350 BC, (2) lower lake levels and a strong arid phase between 2350 and 1850 BC, (3) lake level increase
between 1850 and 850 BC, (4) relatively high lake level with fluctuating conditions during the Iberian and Roman Epochs (650
BC–350 AD), (5) lower lake levels, unfavourable conditions for diatom preservation, eutrophication and erosion triggered by
increased human activities in the watershed during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900–1300 AD), and (6) relatively higher lake
levels during the LIA (1380–1850 AD) and afterwards. The combined study of diatoms, algae and pollen provides a detailed reconstruction
of past climate, which refines understanding of regional environmental variability and interactions between climate and socio-economic
conditions in the Pyrenees. 相似文献
249.
The knowledge of the high intensity tails of probability distributions that determine the rate of occurrence of extreme events of solar energetic particles is a critical element in the evaluation of hazards for human and robotic space missions. Here instead of the standard approach based on fitting a selected distribution function to the observed data we investigate a different approach, which is based on a study of the scaling properties of the maximum particle flux in time intervals of increasing length. To find the tail of the probability distributions we apply the “Max-Spectrum” method (Stoev, S.A., Michailidis, G., 2006. On the estimation of the heavy-tail exponent in time series using the Max-Spectrum. Technical Report 447, Department of Statistics, University of Michigan) to 1973–1997 IMP-8 proton data and the 1987–2008 GOES data, which cover a wide range of proton energies. We find that both data sets indicate a power-law tail with the power exponents close to 0.6 at least in the energy range 9–60 MeV. The underlying probability distribution is consistent with the Fréchet type (power-law behavior) extreme value distribution. Since the production of high fluxes of energetic particles is caused by fast Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) this heavy-tailed distribution also means that the Sun generates more fast CMEs than would be expected from a Poissonian-type process. 相似文献
250.
Ikonomopoulou MP Olszowy H Limpus C Francis R Whittier J 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(1):10-16
The blood and eggs of the flatback turtle (Natator depressus) sampled when nesting at Curtis Island, Queensland, Australia. In the blood, zinc was present at the highest concentration of 151.15 ± 1.45 μg/L followed by copper (7.74 ± 0.09 μg/L). Lead was found only in some individuals. The measured trace elements in the blood were maternally transferred into the eggs. Other metals and metalloids detected in eggs were chromium, manganese, arsenic and selenium. Eggs showed a more complex trace element profile than blood, suggesting that they provided more representative tissues for determining maternal levels of trace element accumulation in N. depressus. Intra-clutch variation was over 15% for most of the studied trace elements suggesting one egg is not in sufficient to determine trace element accumulation within a clutch. Copper was the only element which was positively correlated with breeding age. Furthermore, no detectable levels of tin compound derivates were measured in N. depressus. 相似文献