Mantle derived crystal-poor rhyolitic ignimbrites: Eruptive mechanism from geochemical and geochronological data of the Piedra Parada caldera,Southern Argentina     

Eugenio Aragon  Antonio Castro  Juan Diaz-Alvarado  Lucio Pinotti  Fernando D'eramo  Manuel Demartis  Jorge Coniglio  Irene Hernando  Carmen Rodriguez 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(5):1529-1553

Trace elements, isotopic modeling and U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon age constraints are used to reconstruct the eruption history and magmatic processes of the Piedra Parada Caldera. In the early Eocene, the crystal-poor Barda Colorada ignimbrite(BCI), having 15% micro-porphyritic crystals with respect to magmatic components, erupted a volume estimated in more than 300 km~3. The Piedra Parada caldera is located in the Patagonian Andes foreland, at the southern end of the calderas field of the Pilcaniyeu Volcanic Belt(PVB). This belt is related to an extensional tectonic setting as a result of the collision of the Farallon-Aluk ridge with South America, which enabled the development of a transform ocean/continental plate margin followed by the detachment of the Aluk plate and the opening of a slab window. The BCI extra-caldera Plateau is a 100 m thick deposit, having a lower unit with high silica(Si O_2 76 wt.%),potassium poor rhyolitic composition(trondhjemitic like magma), and an upper unit with normal to high potassium rhyolitic composition(granitic like magma). A trace elements modeling of the BCI units shows that the BCI lower and upper units did not evolve from fractionation or immiscibility in the shallow magma reservoir. The BCI also have a primitive isotopic signature(initial87 Sr/86 Sr =0.7031-0.7049 and ε_(Nd)= +3.4 to +3.65). Thus, tectonic, compositional and isotopic constraints suggest the fast ascent of high silica magmas to a shallow reservoir, and point to an upper mantle origin for these rhyolitic magmas in a transitional(Orogenic-Anorogenic) tectono-magmatic setting. U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon crystallization ages of the Syn-caldera stage BCI units(56 -51.5 Ma) show a protracted life of 5 Ma for this caldera reservoir. The age of 52.9 ± 0.3 Ma is considered the best fit for the possible maximum age for the caldera collapse. The Late-caldera magmatism has trachyandesitic and rhyolitic compositions.The trace element modeling suggests that these rhyolites evolve from the trachyandesites and do not evolve from the BCI residual magma. The trachyandesites have U-Th-Pb SHRIMP zircon crystallization ages of 52 ± 1 Ma, suggesting that the caldera eruption was triggered by the arrival of the trachyandesitic magma.  相似文献   

Utilization of ASTER and OLI data for lithological mapping of Nugrus-Hafafit area,South Eastern Desert of Egypt     

Ashraf Emam  Zakaria Hamimi  Abdelhamid El-Fakharani  Ezzat Abdel-Rahman  Juan Gomez Barreiro  Mohammed Y. Abo-Soliman 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(23):756

Lithological discrimination of Neoproterozoic rocks occupying Nugrus-Hafafit area, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, has been carried out using Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensors’ imagery data. The applicable processing enhancement techniques include optimum index factor (OIF), band ratioing, principal component analysis (PCA), and minimum noise fraction (MNF) transform. The area comprises varieties of low-grade metamorphosed ophiolitic mélange and island-arc rocks, thrusting over high-grade metamorphic gneissic core complexes, and intruded by syn-, late-, and post-tectonic granitoids. The OLI band ratio 6/7 discriminates clearly the ophiolitic serpentinites-talc-carbonate rocks, while 4/5 ratio image is able to separate between mafic and felsic rocks. Moreover, the ASTER band ratio 6/8 is used to distinguish the amphibole-bearing rocks, including amphibolite and hornblende gneiss. The OLI and ASTER second principal component (PC2) images reflect the contrast spectral behavior of ophiolitic mélange rocks through visible-near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave (SWIR) regions. The OLI-PC3 shows the ability to delineate the Fe-rich rocks, including amphibolite and metamafics, while ASTER-PC3 is effective for quartz-feldspathic granites and psammitic gneisses. Visual interpretation and integration of processed data with petrography and field investigation resulted in complete differentiation for the different lithologies and creation of a new detailed geological map of Nugrus-Hafafit area.  相似文献   

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages from coal beds across the Permian-Triassic boundary,eastern Yunnan,southwestern China     

Juan Wang  Long-Yi Shao  Hao Wang  Baruch Spiro  David Large 《古地理学报》2018,(2)

The first SHRIMP zircon U e Pb ages from coal beds close to the end-Permian mass extinction are reported from the C_1 coal seam in the Yantang Mine in Laibin Town, Xuanwei County, eastern Yunnan Province.Zircons were extracted from kaolinite claystone layers, defined as tonsteins(volcanic ash deposits), in the subseam B_1 and B_3 of the coal seam C_1.The U-Pb ages are 252.0 ± 2.3 Ma and 250.3 ± 2.1 Ma for the sub-seam B_1 and B_3, respectively. Within analytical uncertainties, these U-Pb ages include the time period of the onset of the mass extinction at 251.941 ± 0.037 Ma, which was obtained from the marine Meishan section in Zhejiang Province, ~1600 km away from the Yantang Mine. These new ages represent not only the first and closest ages to the PTB mass extinction in terrestrial coal beds, but also ages from the nearest site to the Emeishan volcanoes investigated so far. Therefore these new data provide the most accurate stratigraphic horizon of terrestrial facies of the end-Permian extinction in South China. The Emeishan volcanoes were likely the source of volcanic ash in the coal seams at the Xuanwei County and broader areas in South China. Furthermore, the minerals and geochemistry characteristics of the C_1 coal seam also implied the influences of contemporaneous volcanic activities.  相似文献   

云南宣威晚二叠世末生物灭绝期C1煤的地球化学特征     

邵龙义  王娟  侯海海  张名泉  汪浩  SPIRO Baruch  LARGE Davi  周义平 《地质学报》2015,89(1):163-179

云南宣威雁塘煤矿晚二叠世末期C1煤层蕴含了二叠纪—三叠纪界线事件演化以及宣威肺癌高发原因方面的重要信息。本文对该矿C1煤层(包括三个分层——B1、B2和B3)进行了刻槽分层采样,采用X射线荧光光谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱测试了24个样品中常量和微量元素。利用偏光显微镜和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEMEDX)对煤中的显微组分及矿物组成进行微区分析,利用X射线衍射对低温灰化后的煤样作了矿物的半定量分析。结果表明,雁塘矿C1煤中常量元素Ca、Mn、Si含量明显高于中国煤均值;与华南二叠纪煤平均值、中国煤平均值、世界煤平均值以及地壳元素丰度相比较,雁塘矿C1煤中的W、Co、Mo、Cd、Pb、Be、Sb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Zr和V等12种微量元素相对比较富集。结合相关分析和SEM-EDX微区分析方法,对C1煤中微量元素的赋存状态进行分析发现Cs、Ga、Nb、Ba、Rb、Th、Tl、U与灰分显著正相关,表明这些元素主要以无机矿物态赋存,其它元素赋存状态复杂。结合C1煤中12种富集元素在垂向上的含量分布特征,推断Co、Cu、V、Zn应主要来源于峨眉山玄武岩风化产物;Be和Zr主要受同沉积火山灰影响;Ni则可能受峨眉山玄武岩风化及同沉积火山灰的共同影响;同沉积火山灰是C1煤中W来源之一;Sb可能受中低温热液的影响。C1煤中Zr与我国南方其他地区P/T界线粘土岩中Zr的富集规律一致。C1煤中富集的微量元素与宣威肺癌高发区可吸入颗粒物中的高含量元素一致,推断C1煤的燃烧可能与宣威肺癌高发有关。C1煤中富集的有毒有害微量元素可能与二叠纪—三叠纪之交生物大灭绝期的独特环境有密切关系。  相似文献   

四川盆地东部高褶带三叠系地层卤水和温泉的地球化学特征及成因   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

周训  曹琴  尹菲  郭娟  王晓翠  张永帅  王黎栋  沈晔 《地质学报》2015,89(11):1908-1920

四川盆地是我国著名的大型沉积盆地,地下卤水资源丰富,在川东宣汉地区的川25井曾发现富钾卤水。本文对川东高陡褶皱带三叠系碳酸盐岩地下水的分布和富集进行分析,对川25井和卧57井深层卤水以及仙女山温泉和统景温泉的水化学特征进行总结并探讨其成因。认为当背斜核部的三叠系地层埋藏较深、封闭性较好时,有利于深层卤水的富集;在半开启-开启型背斜中,背斜核部受到强烈的风化侵蚀作用,三叠系地层裸露地表,接受大气降水入渗淋滤,不利于高TDS卤水保存。深层卤水的水化学类型均为Cl-Na型,富集Br-、Li-、Sr2-、I-、B3+等微量元素,是同生沉积卤水。其中川25井是少见的高TDS富钾卤水,其TDS达352.693g/L,已达到泻利盐沉积阶段,K+异常富集,达25.955g/L。仙女山温泉和统景温泉地下热水为SO4-Ca型,富集Sr2+、F-、偏硅酸等。稳定性同位素δ2 H、δ18 O数据显示川东深层卤水均起源于古海水,仙女山温泉和统景温泉地下热水补给来源为大气降水。地下水在背斜核部三叠系裸露区接受大气降水的入渗补给,经历深循环获得加热后在地形较低的河谷处呈温泉出露。地下(热)水为溶滤围岩形成TDS不高(2~3g/L)的地下水,其总体趋势是朝着淡化的方向发展。  相似文献   

云南兰坪-思茅盆地勐野井矿区钾石盐的特征及其沉积环境     

方勤方  高翔  彭强  姚薇  董娟 《地质学报》2015,89(11):2108-2113

本文运用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、透射电镜-能谱(TEM-EDS)和工业C T等方法,对云南江城勐野井钾盐矿床580m运输坑道地质剖面钾矿石的特征进行了研究。XRD和TEM-ESD结果给出,矿石中的盐类矿物主要是石盐、钾石盐、硬石膏和菱镁矿,钾石盐主要赋存在青灰色岩盐和灰绿色泥砾质岩盐中。CT结果表明,青灰色钾盐矿体中的石盐呈近似圆形和棱角分明的角砾,钾石盐沿石盐角砾的边缘呈条带状或不规则状分布,在条带状的内部可见钾石盐呈粒状或团块状分布,其中粒状钾石盐可能以八面体和立方体为主,而团块状钾石盐无特定晶形。钾石盐的这种分布特征表明,该盐类矿床在蒸发沉积过程中,早期沉积的石盐体呈遭受外力破坏,后期形成的钾石盐沿其裂隙沉积,表明钾石盐形成晚于石盐,且可能有多次沉积。  相似文献   

A comparison of the sedimentary records of the 1960 and 2010 great Chilean earthquakes in 17 lakes: Implications for quantitative lacustrine palaeoseismology          下载免费PDF全文

Maarten Van Daele  Jasper Moernaut  Lindsey Doom  Evelien Boes  Karen Fontijn  Katrien Heirman  Willem Vandoorne  Dierk Hebbeln  Mario Pino  Roberto Urrutia  Robert Brümmer  Marc De Batist 《Sedimentology》2015,62(5):1466-1496

Seismically‐induced event deposits embedded in the sedimentary infill of lacustrine basins are highly useful for palaeoseismic reconstructions. Recent, well‐documented, great megathrust earthquakes provide an ideal opportunity to calibrate seismically‐induced event deposits for lakes with different characteristics and located in different settings. This study used 107 short sediment cores to investigate the sedimentary impact of the 1960 M_w 9·5 Valdivia and the 2010 M_w 8·8 Maule earthquakes in 17 lakes in South‐Central Chile (i.e. lakes Negra, Lo Encañado, Aculeo, Vichuquén, Laja, Villarrica, Calafquén, Pullinque, Pellaifa, Panguipulli, Neltume, Riñihue, Ranco, Maihue, Puyehue, Rupanco and Llanquihue). A combination of image analysis, magnetic susceptibility and grain‐size analysis allows identification of five types of seismically‐induced event deposits: (i) mass‐transport deposits; (ii) in situ deformations; (iii) lacustrine turbidites with a composition similar to the hemipelagic background sediments (lacustrine turbidites type 1); (iv) lacustrine turbidites with a composition different from the background sediments (lacustrine turbidites type 2) and (v) megaturbidites. These seismically‐induced event deposits were compared to local seismic intensities of the causative earthquakes, eyewitness reports, post‐earthquake observations, and vegetation and geomorphology of the catchment and the lake. Megaturbidites occur where lake seiches took place. Lacustrine turbidites type 2 can be the result of: (i) local near‐shore mass wasting; (ii) delta collapse; (iii) onshore landslides; (iv) debris flows or mudflows; or (v) fluvial reworking of landslide debris. On the contrary, lacustrine turbidites type 1 are the result of shallow mass wasting on sublacustrine slopes covered by hemipelagic sediments. Due to their more constrained origin, lacustrine turbidites type 1 are the most reliable type of seismically‐induced event deposits in quantitative palaeoseismology, because they are almost exclusively triggered by earthquake shaking. Moreover, they most sensitively record varying seismic shaking intensities. The number of lacustrine turbidites type 1 linearly increases with increasing seismic intensity, starting with no lacustrine turbidites type 1 at intensities between V½ and VI and reaching 100% when intensities are higher than VII½. Combining different types of seismically‐induced event deposits allows the reconstruction of the complete impact of an earthquake.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the Middle Permian mudstones from central Qiangtang Basin,northern Tibet     

Junjie Hu  Qi Li  Juan Li  Jing Huang  Dongsheng Ge 《Geological Journal》2016,51(4):560-571

Geochemical characteristics of the Middle Permian mudstones from the Longge Formation in the Jiaomuri area, central uplift zone of Qiangtang Basin have been analysed to constrain their provenance, tectonic setting, depositional redox condition and palaeoclimate. Based on the geochemical parameters like CIA, PIA, ICV values and Th/U, K/Rb ratios indicate that the source rocks were affected by low degree weathering conditions. The U/Th, V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/Sc ratios and U_au, C‐values of samples suggest that the mudstones were formed in an oxic environment, with arid palaeoclimate. Bulk‐rock geochemistry analysis indicates that they are mainly arkose and subarkose, derived from dominantly andesitic rocks, probably a mixing of felsic and mafic provenance. The CIA, PIA and ICV values of these samples suggest that the Longge mudstones are compositionally immature and related to moderate weathering. The tectonic discrimination diagrams, as well as critical trace and REE characteristic parameters imply an oceanic arc or continental arc setting for the depositional basin of mudstones from the Longge Formation, probably back‐arc basin. This study supports an occurrence of archipelagic oceanic basins in the Jiaomuri area in the Middle Permian, which provides evidence for the research of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang Suture. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

激光共聚焦扫描显微镜测定烃类包裹体气液比的误差校正研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高镜涵  陈勇  徐兴友  黎萍  王娟  韩云 《岩矿测试》2015,34(5):558-564

通过烃类包裹体PVT模拟可以重建捕获温度和捕获压力,气液比是影响PVT模拟结果的重要参数,然而由于缺少烃类包裹体标准样品,一直未能深入研究激光共聚焦显微镜气液比测定精度的问题。本文利用人工合成包裹体技术合成了一种用于校正激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LSCM)测定气液比的烃类包裹体标准样品,根据已知的合成烃类包裹体的油气组成、捕获温度和捕获压力计算出烃类包裹体的理论气液比,并利用LSCM测定烃类包裹体的实际气液比,通过计算实际测试值与理论值的差值以分析实际测定气液比的误差,实现对激光共聚焦扫描显微镜的误差标定。实验结果证实,高分辨率的LSCM测定烃类包裹体气液比的绝对误差小于0.5%,可以为包裹体PVT模拟提供精确参数。本研究肯定了LSCM测定烃类包裹体气液比方法的准确性,进一步证实了烃类包裹体的PVT模拟结果可以为油气成藏研究提供可靠数据。  相似文献   

Seismic scenario including site-effect determination in Torreperogil and Sabiote,Jaén (Spain), after the 2013 earthquake sequence   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Juan Rueda  Julio Mezcua  Rosa M. García Blanco  Alberto Núñez  María Fernández de Villalta 《Natural Hazards》2015,79(2):675-697

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