Influence of Mass and Radius of Ice Crystals on Hydrometeors,Internal Energy,and Kinetic Energy: A Numeric Model Study简          下载免费PDF全文

RAN Ling-Kun  QI Yan-Bin  LI Na 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(1):49-55

Two cloud-scale experiments with two different ice-phase schemes were carried out for a precipitation event that occurred in eastern China in 2005.The results were analyzed to examine the influences of the change of ice-particle mass and radius on hydrometeors,internal energy,and kinetic energy,as well as the primary factors responsible.It was found that the ice content increases notably and the snow content decreases due to the change.This is the consequence of the modulation of cloud microphysical processes.In particular,the Bergeron process and the accretion of snow and cloud ice are markedly influenced.The differences of internal energy and kinetic energy between the two experiments are caused by adjustments to pressure-flux divergence,the coupling of temperature and divergence,and gravitational work,and the reason is that these three factors result in differences of local changes of internal and kinetic energy.  相似文献   

急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹选育群体血液生化指标的影响     

区又君  范春燕  李加儿  于娜  苏慧 《海洋学报》2014,36(4):126-131

本文研究了水环境急性低氧胁迫对卵形鲳鲹Trachinotus ovatus选育群体血液生化指标的影响。实验设计了急性低氧试验组和对照组,每组3个平行。结果显示,急性低氧胁迫后选育群体的血清离子含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中钠、氯、钙浓度与对照组相比差异显著(p0.05),铁浓度极显著高于对照组(p0.01);血清蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、血脂、血糖等指标的差异较大,其中尿酸、肌酐极显著高于对照组(p0.01),总蛋白、总胆固醇显著低于对照组(p0.05);血清中肌酸激酶含量极显著高于对照组(p0.01),肌酸激酶同工酶显著高于对照组(p0.05),γ-谷氨酰转肽酶含量显著低于对照组(p0.05);其他指标均有不同程度的升高或降低,但差异不显著。研究表明,急性低氧胁迫造成卵形鲳鲹鳃、肾、心脏和肝脏损伤,免疫力下降。  相似文献   

PV-based wave-activity density and its application to tracing heavy precipitation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lingkun Ran  Na Li 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,123(1-2):33-50

This paper is focused on the tracking of heavy precipitation by detecting strong wave activities in precipitating atmosphere. Based on the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV), a new wave-activity density and its wave-activity relation are first derived. The wave-activity density, which is the second-order portion of GMPV and quadratic in disturbance, is then applied to a heavy-rainfall event in North China. It is shown that the wave-activity density contains the vertical shear of wind perturbation, vertical vorticity perturbation and the spatial gradients of latent heating function perturbation associated with the moisture condensation. Due to these important characteristics of precipitating atmosphere, the wave-activity density shows strong anomalies over the precipitation region. The total GMPV and its basic-state and first-order components are also analyzed as comparisons. The result shows that the basic-state GMPV is not capable of diagnosing precipitation, while the total GMPV and the first-order GMPV, although present strong anomalies, are not capable of distinguishing precipitation and non-precipitation areas. This is likely due to the basic state information contained in GMPV and its basic-state and first-order components, which has no direct relation to the precipitation. The spatial distribution of wave-activity density further verifies its capability on detecting and tracing heavy precipitation. Moreover, the statistical result reveals the wave-activity density has a high correlation coefficient with the observational rainfall in a long time series and passes through the significance test.  相似文献   

我国页岩气资源及影响因素     

史长营  王峰  秦娜  王辉 《山东地质》2014,(4):58-61

在世界面临能源短缺的背景下,页岩气作为油气勘探的一个新领域,越来越得到世界各国的重视。我国页岩气资源丰富,许多盆地或地区具有页岩气大规模成藏的地质条件,对页岩气的研究显得尤为重要。该文介绍了我国页岩气资源储量、分布及开采面临的问题,概述了页岩气地质特征。在此基础上探讨了我国页岩气的影响因素,认为我国页岩气主要受有机碳含量、成熟度、裂缝的发育程度、地层压力的控制;页岩气与煤层气同属于非常规天然气,其赋存形态、成因类型、富集规律具有很多相似之处,因此可将页岩气与煤层气进行对比研究。  相似文献   

澳大利亚铀矿的成矿区划、矿床类型及找矿前景     

朱意萍  高卫华  马娜  匡福祥  乔美萍 《地质通报》2014,(Z1):172-186

澳大利亚蕴藏了丰富的铀矿资源,目前铀矿储量位居世界第二。在大地构造上,澳大利亚可划分为中西部前寒武纪克拉通和东部显生宙造山带。在区域地质构造背景和成矿条件研究的基础上,总结了铀矿在北澳、南澳、西澳、中澳和东澳五大成矿区带中的分布情况,勾勒了北澳的派恩克里克、南澳的奥林匹克坝、西澳的伊利列等15个矿集区中的34个类型迥异的矿区的总体地质环境与矿床特征。根据成矿地质作用、成因类型、矿物特征等因素,结合该国铀矿床的具体情况,归纳出8种典型的矿床类型。选取代表性铀矿进行地质环境、矿床地质的分析与总结,认为澳大利亚铀矿的成矿地质条件优越,矿床类型丰富,资源潜力巨大,并指出这些类型可作为今后找铀的靶向类型。  相似文献   

电子探针测年方法应用于晶质铀矿的成因类型探讨   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

赵慧博  刘亚非  阳珊  叶美芳  王志海  王博  常娜 《岩矿测试》2014,33(1):102-109

电子探针Th-U-Pb测年因其高分辨率与高精度的优势,在独居石、锆石等定年矿物中得到了推广,但在Th、U、Pb含量高的晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿等矿物中则应用较少。本文在铁矿床变质岩绿泥石、阳起石黑云母蚀变岩首次发现U含量高的晶质铀矿,基于此,结合该铁矿床地区的地质背景,利用偏光显微镜与电子探针等分析测试手段,将镜下蚀变现象、年龄计算与其他相关元素分析相结合,重点对晶质铀矿的成矿年龄及成矿规律进行探讨。研究发现:通过镜下观察判断,晶质铀矿的成因类型与澳大利亚著名的变质型铀矿相似,均为古老的变质型,且周围的脉石矿物均为绿泥石,绿泥石皆由黑云母退变质而成,铀矿的赋存位置显示其与黑云母、绿泥石之间有紧密联系,其成矿年龄与黑云母、绿泥石形成年龄息息相关。继而根据电子探针数据计算成矿年龄,判断成矿期次,得出主要成矿期在(1654±17)Ma~(1805±17)Ma,为中元古代中期,且主要成矿期与热液蚀变作用黑云母化有关,后期活化富集时期在(657±17)Ma~(807±17)Ma,为新元古代南华纪时期,此阶段是热液侵入、绿泥石化广泛发育的时期;选取较大颗粒对晶质铀矿的环带年龄进行计算,从年龄分布上证实后期有强烈的流体活动的发生,且主要与绿泥石化相关。另外,对比变质型与沉积型铀矿中Y2O3与UO2含量发现,两者之间存在负相关关系,此关系对判断铀矿成因即是否为变质型或沉积型可能有指示意义,但缺乏大量的数据佐证,需进一步研究。  相似文献   

北冈底斯带日土县-拉梅拉山口花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb测年及Hf同位素组成   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

关俊雷  耿全如  王国芝  彭智敏  张璋  寇福德  丛峰  李娜 《岩石学报》2014,30(6):1666-1684

对西藏西部日土县城以南-拉梅拉山口一带的花岗岩体开展了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究。所有样品铝饱和指数A/CNK集中在0.76~1.0之间,为准铝质类型。CIPW标准矿物组合为Q+Or+Ab+An+Di（或C）+Hy。在稀土元素配分图中呈现出右倾缓倾斜型的特征,轻稀土元素富集并出现较强的分馏作用,重稀土元素无分馏-轻微分馏。δEu在0.56~0.99范围之间,属于铕亏损型。大离子亲石元素出现分化,富集Rb、Pb、Th而亏损K、Ba,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等明显亏损。获得钾长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及花岗闪长岩中岩浆结晶锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为：79.4±0.4Ma、 81.0±0.5Ma和81.3±0.5Ma,结合锆石稀土元素和岩浆振荡环带特征及Th/U比值,上述年龄结果可代表岩石的结晶年龄,表明该套岩体为晚白垩世侵位的大型岩基。两件样品的锆石均具有正的Hf同位素初始比值ε_Hf（t）,两阶段Hf模式年龄（t_DM2）分别介于547.5~658.0Ma、523.4~710.2Ma之间。分析认为该套岩体的物质来源应该为富角闪石的下地壳,可能为幔源岩浆首先侵入到地壳基底岩石中形成新生地壳,然后在温度约为700~800℃之间、压力<8kbar且富含流体的影响下,这种既有新生地壳又有古老基底地壳构成的混合地壳发生部分熔融而形成。这一结论与野外宏观露头上岩体中大量发育暗色微粒包体等直接岩石学证据相佐证。结合区域构造演化及岩体所处的大地构造位置,该套花岗岩体应该形成于洋壳闭合时的碰撞造山过程,其形成与侵位与北侧班公湖-怒江结合带的构造演化有成因上的联系,是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向南的俯冲碰撞的产物。  相似文献   

The Influence of Pan Evaporation Conditions on Na Cl crystallization     

TANG N  ZHANG Shuang  HE Guohu  ZHANG Lei  CHENG Penggao 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):375-376

正1 Introduction Crystallization is one of important unit operations in the chemical production process,which requires not only the crystal product with high purity and yield,but also the available particle size of the crystal products to ensure product quality.Crystallization process is affected by  相似文献   

Research of Recycled Salt and Glauber’ Salt Precipitation Rules of Yabulai Salt Lake Brine     

TANG N  LIU Jianwei  ZHANG Lei  Xiang Jun  CHENG Penggao  WANG Xuekui 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):373-374

正1 Introduction The main production of Yabulai salt lake was original salt and recycled salt many years ago.After decade’s production,the sale lake resource is more and more deficient.Glauber's salt and magnesium salt are concentrated in brine now.It could affect the quality of the salt.In recent years,research had done much work to  相似文献   

若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李志威  王兆印  张晨笛  韩鲁杰  赵娜 《水科学进展》2014,25(2):172-180

1960年以来,若尔盖沼泽湿地的快速萎缩严重影响黄河上游水量补给和当地湿地生态系统,但其机制尚不清晰。基于2010—2013年野外调查、气象水文资料和遥感影像,分析若尔盖沼泽退化的主要原因与机制。尽管气温的缓慢升高,但降水量并未减少,考虑到沼泽的季节性特征,气候变暖对沼泽萎缩影响相当有限,但不是主要原因。经遥感判读和统计,共识别现有920 km的人工渠道,其疏干的沼泽面积约648.3 km2,占总萎缩面积的27%。人工开渠作为强烈的人类活动干扰,是若尔盖沼泽快速萎缩的重要原因。自然水系的溯源侵蚀长期疏干沼泽、降低地下水水位和放射状地向沼泽内部切穿是沼泽萎缩的重要机制。人工开渠连通自然水系强化沼泽内河床下切和排水作用。  相似文献