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81.
Newly acquired high-resolution shallow seismic profiles(7069 km in length) in the coastal and offshore areas of Zhejiang Province, East China Sea, China, have revealed eight marine hazardous geological features: shallow gas, sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, irregular bedrock features, underwater shoals, buried paleo-channels, and submarine deltas. Based on the seismic profiles, we have constructed a marine geological map of these hazardous features. Shallow gas accumulations are common and occur mainly in two separate nearshore regions that cover 4613 and 3382 km~2 respectively. There are also scattered shallow gas accumulations in the offshore area, typically accompanied by paleo-channels that occur mainly in the middle of the study area. Sand ridges, erosion ditches, scarps, and irregular bedrock features are found mainly in the northeast of the study area in association with each other. In the southeastern part of the study area, the sand ridges have a linear form and trend NW–SE, representing the western part of the linear sand ridges in the East China Sea. The maximum slope gradient is 1?, which suggests that this area is prone to landslides. These hazardous marine geological features are important to marine and engineering activities in this region. 相似文献
82.
内蒙古一次沙尘过程的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用WRF-chem模式耦合Shao04起沙参数化方案,研究了2015年内蒙古春季一次冷涡沙尘过程。对比分析模式模拟结果和Micaps、CLIPSO、PM10观测资料后发现,WRF-chem可以较好地刻画沙尘的水平和垂直输送。此次沙源地主要分布在蒙古国南部、内蒙古中部偏北区域和浑善达克沙地。蒙古国南部和内蒙古中部偏北区域最大起沙量分别为77.4 g·m-2和112.7 g·m-2,最大干沉降分别为253.2 μg·m-2·s-1和427.2 μg·m-2·s-1,内蒙古中部偏北区域的沙尘柱总量（87.3 g·m-2）大于蒙古国南部（41.3 g·m-2）。浑善达克沙地土壤干燥,所以沙尘排放量（215.6 g·m-2）、柱总量（132.7 g·m-2）、沉降速率（809.3 μg·m-2·s-1）均较高。沙尘在锋前暖湿气流的抬升作用下,可以实现上对流层-下平流层之间的输送,高层的沙尘虽然浓度较低,却可以输送更远。沙尘气溶胶夜间增加大气层顶向上的长波辐射,同时加热大气,增加边界层高度。 相似文献
83.
1992-2015年中国沙漠面积变化的遥感监测与气候影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目前,关于中国全域年际分辨率长时间序列沙漠面积变化及影响机制的研究较少。利用1995-2015年全国土地利用数据对1992-2015年地表覆被数据中的裸地进行校正,并采用2000年和2002年腾格里沙漠遥感影像解译结果对校正后的沙漠面积的精度进行验证,同时分析不同大气环流区沙漠面积变化的气候变化影响机制。结果表明：1992-2015年中国沙漠面积减少了86 704 km2,东部季风区沙漠面积减少最明显,其次是青藏高寒区,西北干旱区减少最小,减少面积分别是46 109、23 470、17 125 km2。其中,东部季风区沙漠面积减少占比最为明显,达到18.13%。土壤湿度是影响西北干旱区和青藏高寒区沙漠面积年际变化的关键因素,降水、相对湿度和土壤湿度对东部季风区沙漠面积变化有直接影响,林业生态建设工程、退耕还林还草等措施也有一定关系。近20年来中国北方风力减小和人类保护可能是东部季风区沙漠面积减少的主要因素。 相似文献
84.
The establishment of a long-term stable global reference frame is important for studying sea level records for, e.g., climate-related studies. GPS stations connected to the tide gauge benchmarks provide the necessary technique. However, the analysis of existing GPS solutions showed inconsistencies within the time series especially for the height component. To solve related issues, in 2001 the IGS Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring Pilot Project was established. The aim is the processing and re-processing of GPS data of stations at or near tide gauges in order to provide homogeneous and high-quality estimates of the vertical motion. A second objective is the establishment, maintenance and expansion of existing network of GPS stations at tide gauges. During the recent years six different analysis centers have processed overlapping GPS at tide gauge networks and are providing individual solutions allowing now to provide a combined solution. The ansatz for the combination is explained and quality measures are given. In addition, on the basis of the reconstruction of sea level anomalies, the benefit of using the combined TIGA solution is demonstrated. 相似文献
85.
通过中亚费尔干纳盆地2007～2011年气候的模拟试验,揭示了新增农田灌溉过程与更新土壤参数对WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）/Noah模式模拟精度的提升作用。通过对比标准版本与嵌入灌溉过程参数化方案后的WRF/Noah模式的模拟结果,研究发现农业灌溉提升了土壤含水量,导致地表蒸发增强,潜热增加,感热减少,致使近地层大气降温、增湿,这一效应降低了WRF/Noah模拟的暖、干偏差,模拟2 m气温和大气比湿均方根误差分别由6.52°C降低至5.81°C,由1.66 g/kg降低至1.13 g/kg。进而针对WRF默认配置的费尔干纳盆地内土壤数据精度欠佳的问题,再利用国际土壤参比与信息中心（ISRIC）数据（主要是粉砂粘壤土和粉砂壤土）替换了WRF默认的数据（主要是粘土和壤土）,降低了土壤凋萎系数,使得有效土壤水增多,缩小了灌溉需水量的模拟误差,并使得蒸散发进一步增强,潜热增多,感热减少,导致近地层降温、增湿,进一步降低了WRF/Noah模拟的暖、干偏差,模拟温度、湿度的均方根误差分别由5.81°C降低至5.46°C,由1.13 g/kg降低至1.08 g/kg。上述结果表明:充分农业灌溉对陆面过程产生影响,以及采用高精度的土壤数据能够显著提高WRF/Noah模式在中亚费尔干纳盆地的模拟精度。 相似文献
86.
Miao Sun Chengsheng Yan Nana Zhao Xining Zhao Xuerui Gao Yingxin Lian Yujie Yuan Hao Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14362
The vegetation growth of the Loess Plateau is often restricted by water, which seriously threatens the water sustainability of regional ecosystem. In order to clarify the relationship between supply and demand of vegetation water use after Grain for Green Project, this study selected Malian River Basin as the research area and calculated the vegetation water use and water demand using the eco-hydrological model. The results showed that the annual water demand of the basin was 570 mm, while the average annual water supply was only 294 mm, accounting only for 52.0% of the demand. From 2000 to 2018, the temporal and spatial matching degree of water supply and demand in the Malian River Basin were 0.63 and 0.65, respectively. On the whole, the water resources in Malian River Basin can basically support the growth of vegetation, but in some areas are not sustainable. Water resources in the southern region can only barely maintain the normal growth of vegetation under the current conditions, so it is not recommended to carry out new plantation in this area. The evaluation of matching degree in the northern from January to April is poor, so it is necessary to appropriately reduce the planting area of economic crops and replace it with planting herbaceous plants with small water consumption in Spring. Compared with the current conditions, under the future climate scenarios of ssp126 and ssp585, the Malian River Basin will show a trend of warming and humidification. The temporal matching degree of water supply and demand also significantly improved to 0.83 and 0.92, indicating that even if the planting structure did not change significantly, water supply would gradually meet the needs of vegetation. The study results can provide the basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable vegetation restoration policies. 相似文献
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88.
Petrogensis and tectonic setting of the Yemaquan granite from the iron‐polymetallic ore area of Qimantag,Eastern Kunlun Mountains,Qinghai–Tibet Plateau 
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下载免费PDF全文 Aikui Zhang Xuanxue Mo Wanming Yuan Nimat U. Khattak Chengyou Feng Wenquan Zhang Guanglian Liu Xiangyang Jing Nana Hao 《Island Arc》2017,26(4)
Being a part of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, closing of the Buqingshan‐Anyemaqen oceanic basin left a rich geologic record in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. The genesis and tectonic setting of the granites including quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and mozogranite is discussed in light of the geochemical and U–Pb chronological data obtained. U–Pb dating studies on zircon from the quartz monzodiorite and monzogranite of the research area yielded ages of 220.11 ± 0.49 Ma ((Mean Square Weighted Deviates) MSWD = 0.046) and 223.33 ± 0.54 Ma (MSWD = 0.14), respectively, by Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA–MC–ICP–MS) method. According to sedimentological and structural investigations, the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean in the Qimantag region began to close at about 235 Ma, and completely disapperared at about 220 Ma. The three types of granites in this study are considered to intrude the syn‐ to post‐collisional stages. The quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite belong to the I‐type granite whereas the monzogranite is of the S‐type granite. These two types of granites were formed by different ways of partial melting: first, partial melting of the lower crust took place as a result of asthenosphere upwelling triggered by break‐up of the leading edge or tearing of the descending oceanic slab. Subsequently partial melting of the middle–lower crust was caused by the underplating of basaltic magma formed by partial melting of the mantle wedge fluxed by fluids liberated by the oceanic slab dehydration. The magma responsible for the formation of S‐type granites appears to have originated from partial melting of the upper crustal material at a shallower level with a clear signature of continental crust. 相似文献
89.
滇池沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子识别 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究滇池沉水植物的分布及其与水环境因子的关系,对于滇池沉水植物的恢复具有重要的指导意义.2016年4-11月对滇池24个典型点位沉水植物群落特征进行调查,共发现16个调查区存在9种沉水植物,以篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、微齿眼子菜(P.maackianus)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、马来眼子菜(P.wrightii)等为主,沉水植物主要分布在近岸3 m以内水域,盖度在10%左右.主成分分析结果表明,总氮、总磷、悬浮物、化学需氧量和叶绿素a浓度是影响沉水植物种类和生物量的主要因素,透明度是影响沉水植物盖度的主要因素;典范对应分析结果显示,滇池沉水植物的分布主要受水体中营养盐含量和化学需氧量的影响,穗花狐尾藻和轮叶黑藻对有机物和藻类的耐受能力较强,马来眼子菜和篦齿眼子菜适于生长在高营养盐的环境.滇池沉水植物恢复初级阶段的关键是降低水体中化学需氧量、抑制藻类的生长,其次是控制水体营养盐浓度.按照"一区一策"的原则,草海东风坝内和外海南部适于进行沉水植物恢复,外海北部实行控藻治理,外海东部需改善水体有机物浓度和营养盐条件,外海西部以沉水植物自然保育为主. 相似文献
90.
基于HEC-HMS的水打沟泥石流汇流过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以四川省都江堰市龙池镇水打沟泥石流流域为研究区,利用遥感影像与GIS技术提取流域信息,基于HEC-HMS分布式水文模型,模拟了"2010-08-13"泥石流的暴雨汇流过程,并综合考虑泥石流的特征参数,从最大流量角度初步研究水打沟泥石流的汇流过程;探讨了研究区土地利用情况、模拟降雨时间及暴雨频率对泥石流汇流过程的影响,从而揭示三者与汇流过程之间的内在联系。研究结果表明:泥石流20 a一遇峰值流量为53.49 m3/s,灌木林将峰值流量降低24%,而休耕地的峰值流量提高70%。100 a一遇的暴雨,泥石流峰值流量增加到70.62 m3/s,同比增长32%,50 a一遇的增长23%,10 a、5 a一遇的降雨分别同比降低4%、16%。降雨总量一定的情况下,仅增加泥石流暴发前后的降雨模拟时间对汇流的影响不大,且泥石流发生之前的降雨对汇流的影响大于之后的降雨。 相似文献