Excess ²¹⁰Po in the coastal atmosphere     

GUEBUEM KIM  NAJID HUSSAIN  THOMAS M. CHURCH 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(1):74-80

Many researchers have reported the widespread occurrence of excess ²¹⁰ Po in the global atmosphere and suggested probable sources such as resuspension of top soils, stratospheric aerosols, sea spray of the surface micro‐layer, volcanic emission, and bio‐volatile ²¹⁰Po species from the productive ocean. We have observed excess ²¹⁰Po on aerosols in the coastal atmosphere of the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. On‐board measurements in the Chesapeake Bay atmosphere show that the increase of this excess ²¹⁰Po is dependent upon wind speed. Simultaneously measured activity ratios of ⁷Be/²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Pb/²²²Rn argue against either higher altitude air or continental soils as the source of this excess. We hypothesize that the excess ²¹⁰Po originates mainly from surface waters either by the sea‐spray of the surface microlayer, or more likely, by gas exchange. We conclude gas exchange as the mechanism since the polonium excess increases linearly with wind speed over a threshold of 3 m s⁻¹(mean) similar to other gases (i.e., CO₂, SF₆ , and DMS). In addition, higher ²¹⁰Po excess with lower ²²²Rn is observed in on‐shore marine air at Lewes, DE. This suggests sea‐air exchange of volatile Po along with other bio‐volatile species (i.e., DMS, DMSe, and MMHg) in the coastal productive ocean during high wind speeds.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene remains of giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach) in Scandinavia: chronology and environment     

KIM AARIS-SØRENSEN  RONNIE LILJEGREN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2004,33(1):61-73

This article presents new data on the Late Pleistocene giant deer, Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach), describing its distribution in time and space, geographical and sexual variation and general biology. Twenty‐three south Scandinavian fossils found in situ in lacustrine sediments or redeposited in glaciofluvial material form the basis of this investigation. Fourteen C dates show that the giant deer inhabited southern Scandinavia in the ice‐free late Middle Weichselian from c. 40000 to 28000 BP (the Sandnes Interstadial) and again in the Late Weichselian from c. 12000 to 10700 BP (Older Dryas, Allerød and early Younger Dryas Chronozones), corresponding to a calibrated range from c. 14300 to 12400 cal. yr BP. Osteometric analyses show that the Scandinavian giant deer belonged to the upper size range of the lateglacial Irish population and that a marked sexual dimorphism existed, the males being 10–11% larger than the females. Investigations furthermore point at an antler cycle similar to that among extant northern cervids, and subsequently at a rutting season in autumn. The skeletal remains also prove the occurrence of twin delivery and the possibility of reaching an ontogenetic age of at least 23 years. During both occurrences the Scandinavian giant deer population was part of the northernmost distribution of the species in Europe and the palaeogeographical settings and palaeoenvironmental conditions of the two periods show striking similarities. Clearly, the giant deer were able to colonize and survive in a landscape dominated by grasses and sedges with scattered shrubs and dwarf shrubs. They came as close as 200–250 km to the ice front and their distribution included coastal areas along a cold sea with drifting icebergs. They were present in the area at least from March until November. However, the pure arctic conditions created during the early phase of the Younger Dryas event led to a new local extinction around 10700 ¹⁴C yr BP. This was the beginning of a total Eurasian extinction which, at least in Europe, was completed before the Pleistocene/Holocene transition.  相似文献   

Variability and Risk Analysis of Hong Kong Air Quality Based on Monsoon and El Nino Conditions     

Jong-Suk KIM  ZHOU Wen  Ho Nam CHEUNG  Chak Hang CHOW 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):280-290

This study presents an exploratory analysis aimed at improving understanding of the variability of Hong Kong air quality associated with different climate conditions. Significantly negative correlations were found when Nino 3 led particulate matter ≤10 μm PM₁₀) and NO₂ by 2--3 months over the Hong Kong territory, while the other pollutants (e.g., O₃, SO₂) showed modest correlations. A significant decreasing trend in visibility was observed during the autumn and winter, which has potential implications for the air-quality degradation and the endangerment of human health in Hong Kong. In an El Nino summer, the visibility was relatively better, while visibility in other seasons was diminished. On the other hand, in La Nina events, significant changes occurred in visibility in winter and autumn. Air pollution indices were less sensitive to the South China Summer Monsoon (SCSM), but a relatively high correlation existed between the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and air pollutants. Rainfall was lower during most of the strong EAWM years compared to the weak years. This result suggests that the pollutants that accumulate in Hong Kong are not easy to wash out, so concentrations remain at a higher level. Finally, based on the conditional Air Pollution Index (API) risk assessment, site-specific vulnerabilities were analyzed to facilitate the development of the air-quality warning systems in Hong Kong.  相似文献   

On the use of the Webb–Pearman–Leuning theory for closed-path eddy correlation measurements     

ANDREAS IBROM  EBBA DELLWIK  SØREN EJLING LARSEN  KIM PILEGAARD 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2007,59(5):937-946

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Radon-222 in boundary layer and free tropospheric continental outflow events at three ACE-Asia sites     

WLODEK ZAHOROWSKI  SCOTT CHAMBERS  TAO WANG  CHANG-HEE KANG  ITSUSHI UNO  STEVEN POON  SUNG-NAM OH  SYLVESTER WERCZYNSKI  JIYOUNG KIM  ANN HENDERSON-SELLERS 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2005,57(2):124-140

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Assessment of winter fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ in boreal forest soils of central Alaska estimated by the profile method and the chamber method: a diagnosis of methane emission and implications for the regional carbon budget     

YONGWON KIM  MASAHITO UEYAMA  FUMIKO NAKAGAWA  URUMU TSUNOGAI  YOSHINOBU HARAZONO  NORIYUKI TANAKA 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2007,59(2):223-233

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Correlation assessment and monitoring of the potential pollutants in the surface sediments of Pyeongchang River, Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Md.Imran KABIR  Hosik LEE  Geonha KIM  Taesung JUN 《国际泥沙研究》2011,26(2):152-162

The study provides a baseline for the assessment of the organic and inorganic pollution specially, heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of Pyeongchang River,South Korea.The assessment of the study areas was done with respect to metal pollution load,ecological risk and geoaccumulated risk.Based upon the used indices,a priority index(P_index) was used to rank the utmost contaminated sites.Though the concentrations of mercury in all sediments were below the guideline, the significant enriched contamination was observed by all applied indices.As expected,the values of pollution load index（PLI）,ecological risk index（RI） and geoaccumulation risk index(I_geo) demonstrated lower heavy metal contamination in upstream areas compared to the downstream. Admittedly,sediments were unpolluted to slightly-polluted according to PLI while high to extremely high ecological risks were observed in several sediment samples.Furthermore,all the samples were uncontaminated as per I_geo.After simplification of I_geo,the P_index,showed the utmost contaminated sediments with a value of 2.537.Notably,protective measures should be taken to the highly contaminated areas which are prioritized by P_index Admittedly,the maximum concentrations of total organic carbon,total nitrogen,inorganic nitrogen,total phosphorous,inorganic phosphorous,calcium, magnesium,sodium and potassium were significantly observed as 7.8×10⁴,3,185,36,1,032,3.7, 1,5163,2,881,669 and 4,076mg/kg accordingly.  相似文献   

Correlation between Rimjingang belt and Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt     

KIM Byongsong  KIM Myonghak  CHAE Yongsik 《世界地质(英文版)》2012,15(2):97-104

The Dabic-Sulu orogenic belt in central-eastern China is considered as a high-pressure and ultrahighpressure metamorphic belt that demensions are comparatively large,and formed as a result of the colli...  相似文献   

Beta Gyres in Global Analysis Fields     

Sun-Hee KIM  H. Joe KWON  R. L. ELSBERRY 《大气科学进展》2009,26(5)

A three-component decomposition is applied to global analysis data to show the existence of a beta gyre, which causes Tropical Cyclone (TC) to drift from a large-scale environmental steering current. Analyses from the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) of the Korea Meteorological Adminis-tration (KMA), the Global Forecast System (GFS) of NCEP, and the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) are used in this study. The structure of the beta gyre obtained in our anal...  相似文献   

Local Meteorological and Synoptic Characteristics of Fogs Formed over Incheon International Airport in the West Coast of Korea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chang Ki KIM  Seong Soo YUM 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):761-776

Fogs observed over Incheon international airport (IIA) in the west coast of Korea from January 2002 to August 2006 are classified into categories of coastal fog, cold sea fog, and warm sea fog based on the areal extent of the fogs and the difference between the air temperature (T) and the SST, i.e., cold sea fog if TSST = T-SST>0^oC and warm sea fog if TSST <0^oC. The numbers of coastal, cold, and warm sea fog cases are 64, 26, and 9. Coastal fogs form most frequently in winter, while cold sea fogs occur mostly in summer and warm sea fogs are observed from January to May but not in November and December. On average the air gets colder by 1.6^oC during the three hours leading up to the coastal fog formation, and an additional cooling of 1.1^oC occurs during the fog. The change in the dew point temperature (T_d) is minimal except during the fog (0.6^oC). Decreases in T for the cold and warm sea fogs are relatively smaller. The average T_d is higher than SST during the cold sea fog periods but this T_d is more than 4^oC higher than that for the corresponding non-fog days, suggesting that cold sea fogs be formed by the cooling of already humid air (i.e., T_d>SST). Increases of T_d are significant during the warm sea fog periods (1.4^oC), implying that efficient moisture supply is essential to warm sea fog formation. Four major synoptic patterns are identified in association with the observed fogs. The most frequent is a north Pacific high that accounts for 38% of cases. Surface or upper inversions are present in 77%, 69%, and 81% of the fog periods for coastal, cold, and warm sea fogs, respectively.  相似文献