抗差最小二乘配置在数字化地图几何纠正中的应用讨论     

张亮 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(2):145-148

抗差估计具有较好的抗拒异常观测值及粗差的能力,而最小二乘配置又能较好地处理系统误差,本文结合两者的优点,利用抗差最小二乘配置对数字化地图进行几何纠正,其中对协方差函数采用抗差拟合,得到了较好的结果。实验证明在GIS数据处理的扫描数字化地图几何纠正中,抗差最小二乘配置在抗拒异常值和处理系统误差方面优于单纯的最小二乘估计和单纯的最小二乘配置方法。  相似文献   

基于已知钻孔的场地类别模糊等值线的建立     

梁师俊 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(4):182-185

对照现行《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）场地类别划分方法,应用模糊数学原理,推导了场地类别的模糊二次评价方法,得出了场地类别的模糊向量和模糊特征周期,实现了场地类别划分的连续化;在此基础上,基于收集到的杭州市254个建筑场地波速钻孔实测资料,通过建立场地类别地质模型,实现了场地类别、特征周期的模糊等值线,与实测资料对比,结果表明：由该模糊等值线得出的建筑场地抗震类别与现行《建筑抗震设计规范》给出的场地类别是统一的,模糊特征周期与规范给出的特征周期基本上是吻合的,该模糊等值线对建筑抗震设计具有指导意义。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地中部III 区块原油中25-降藿烷分布特征与成因意义     

秦黎明  张枝焕  李伟  杨永才  袁东山 《地球学报》2008,29(4):478-485

通过对准噶尔盆地中部Ш区块原油或油砂抽提物的饱和烃气相色谱-质谱分析,研究了原油或油砂抽提物中25-降藿烷的分布规律.结果表明,不同井区或同一口井不同深度(层位)的原油25-降藿烷的相对含量存在比较明显的差别,表明其所遭受的生物降解程度有所差异,沿构造带从南到北,同一油层中原油的生物降解程度增强,比如位于构造北部(构造部位相对较高)的永1井、永3井侏罗系原油25-降藿烷丰度较高,表明生物降解比较明显,而位于南部(构造低部位)的永6井白垩系和侏罗系油层中的原油均无明显的生物降解现象;同一口井随深度增大生物降解作用将弱,如永2井浅部白垩系油层的原油降解较严重,而深部西山窑组的原油降解作用则不明显.根据原油生物降解的特征,结合车-莫古隆起调整对研究区油气成藏的影响,讨论了原油生物降解差异分布的成因机制.  相似文献   

三峡库区巫山县翠屏小区岩溶引起的地质灾害危险性研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张加桂  殷跃平  蔡秀华  李洪涛  孙党生 《地球学报》2008,29(4):495-501

三峡库区移民迁建中发现的岩溶问题是一个重大工程地质问题。巫山县城翠屏小区是较早发现有确切岩溶证据的地方,研究证实小区三叠系嘉陵江组灰岩普遍遭受了强烈的岩溶作用。不同部位具有不同的岩溶特点和强度,在纵向上,从山顶到坡脚岩溶作用有增强的趋势;从地表向深部,有局部强烈岩溶层位。岩溶作用在小区产生了顺坡或顺层延伸的溶洞和深部蜂窝状溶孔。岩溶作用在小区形成了脖颈状溶蚀槽地、槽状谷地、溶蚀台地和与地貌相关的"飞雁状"褶皱、岩溶正断层及帚状密集节理带。岩溶过程中伴随着其他外营力作用,它们的相互耦合形成各种次生岩土体。岩溶轻则引起岩体质量降低,重则可能导致地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流及地面塌陷地质灾害。  相似文献   

追忆李四光对防震减灾的贡献,以系统整体观指导防震应急   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高庆华  杜建军  周显强 《地球学报》2008,29(3):385-391

笔者在追忆李四光地震科学和防震减灾指导思想的基础上,提出了以系统整体观指导防震应急的新论点,包括:运用地壳运动整体观研究地震规律;应用地震预测整体观进行地震预测;划分活动性构造体系,研究构造活动性;加强综合监测,研究各种地震前兆和相关的自然变异的发展趋势;圈定地震风险区,制定防震应急预案等.并结合中国的实际情况进行了论述.  相似文献   

天然水铬污染与其同位素组成的相关性研究     

李理  马腾  刘存富  高永娟 《地球学报》2008,29(6):790-794

Cr(Ⅵ)作为水体中重要的污染物质,其同位素组成对水体环境变化具有较强的敏感性.铬在氧化还原过程中产生明显的同位素分馏作用,根据水体中铬的同位素组成可指示水环境中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原程度.笔者以黄石某无机盐厂周围污染水体为例,对天然水体中的铬污染及其同位素组成的相关性进行了分析研究.  相似文献   

攀枝花龙洞煤矿地下水运移的同位素研究     

王华  张远明  覃嘉铭  李强  杨琰 《地球学报》2008,29(6):725-728

攀枝花市西区龙洞煤矿经过十余年的生产,不但在地下形成了较大范围的采空区,而且通过影响地下水形成了较大范围的疏干,致使矿区内大部分泉点断流.因而,为确定矿山地下水长期疏干对龙洞泉流域的影响程度,笔者通过比较水库水、大气降水、地下水与渗漏水之间的同位素特征,区分出了地下水的补给来源,并为查明本区的水文地质条件及确定矿坑地下水疏干的影响范围提供科学依据.  相似文献   

Pumping decisions for sustainable development of groundwater resources in areas of grassland degradation: a case study in Lanqi Banner, Inner Mongolia, China     

Bagen Chaolun  Bin He  Ruizhong Gao  Liang Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(6):1101-1111

The best planting alternatives for satisfying high water use demands of forage and fodder crops in a region of Inner Mongolia, China, were determined by a multiobjective distributed-parameter groundwater management model. These alternatives took account of different cropping patterns and pumping decisions associated with both temporal and spatial aspects of water allocation. The model was developed for phreatic, homogenous, and isotropic aquifers using the response matrix technique of quadratic programming theory and, in this case, using the alternative direction implicit (ADI) scheme. Model solutions using effective rainfall with a probability of 50%, show that average water table drawdown in the planning period (2006–2017) is 0.22 m and the groundwater fluctuation in each pumping well is very low. In order to evaluate the pumping decisions under an effective rainfall with a probability of 75%, a sensitive analysis was also conducted. Analysis shows that it is useful to apply the results from the proposed model to control the landscape degradation due to overgrazing and overpumping activities.  相似文献   

Interactive 3-D computation of fault surfaces using level sets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Benjamin J. Kadlec  Geoffrey A. Dorn  Henry M. Tufo  David A. Yuen 《Visual Geosciences》2008,13(1):133-138

Deformable implicit surfaces, implemented with level set methods, have demonstrated a great potential in the computational sciences for applications such as modeling, simulation, and segmentation. They allow implicit handling of complex topologies deformed by operations where large changes can occur without destroying the level set representation. The use of level set techniques for the computation and segmentation of plane-like and high positive curvature features is nontrivial. We present a technique for representing and extracting fault surfaces from 3-D seismic attribute data such that 2-manifolds can be interactively computed and segmented. We present our approach as an interactive workflow that generates highly accurate fault surfaces.  相似文献   

A virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical simulations: a new approach for understanding spatial and temporal complexity of magma dynamics     

Diego Perugini  Maurizio Petrelli  Giampiero Poli 《Visual Geosciences》2008,13(1):1-24

In this contribution, we present a virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical simulations with the aim to highlight the power of 3D representations in the understanding of this geological phenomenon. In particular, samples of mixed juveniles from Salina island (Southern Italy) are reconstructed in 3D by serial lapping and digital montage and numerical simulations are performed by using a 3D chaotic dynamical system. Natural and simulated magma mixing structures are visualized by using several multimedia tools including animations and “virtual reality” models. It is shown that magma interaction processes can generate large spatial and temporal compositional heterogeneities in magmatic systems. The same topological structures are observed in both 3D reconstructed rock samples and chaotic numerical simulations, indicating that the mixing of magmas is governed by chaotic dynamics. The use of 3D multimedia models gives the opportunity to penetrate into magma mixing structures and to understand their significance in the context of magma dynamics. Such an approach is very powerful since multimedia tools can strongly capture the attention of the reader bringing him/her into an interactive and memorable geological experience. Electronic supplementary material  enclosed:  相似文献