A multi-perspective examination of heat waves affecting Metro Vancouver: now into the future     

Ronald E. Stewart  Daniel Betancourt  James B. Davies  Deborah Harford  Yaheli Klein  Robert Lannigan  Linda Mortsch  Erin O’Connell  Kathy Tang  Paul H. Whitfield 《Natural Hazards》2017,87(2):791-815

Using studies of places where heat waves are common, projected changes in heat waves in Metro Vancouver are assessed from a multi-disciplinary perspective with respect to the potential impacts of the physical change on the people and infrastructure with the intention of being better prepared for future events. Trends in maximum temperature parameters for Metro Vancouver for the past 75 years are generally not statistically significant; however, projections for 2041–2060 and 2081–2100 suggest that the region will experience such events more frequently in the future due to climate change. While Metro Vancouver, British Columbia (BC) generally does not typically experience heat waves it was strongly affected by a major heat event in July 2009, with temperature records being broken at Vancouver (≥31 °C) on the coast and at Abbotsford (≥36 °C) 65-km inland. A lack of sea breeze during this event meant that there was no cooling effect, and land surface temperatures over the downtown area approached 40 °C and excess deaths occurred. Many victims were either in the 65–74 age category, the vulnerable poor, or people with mental health issues. Because these events are rare, many buildings lack air-conditioning, and residents of Metro Vancouver under-anticipate their vulnerability. The costs of health-related impacts outweighed those related to higher electricity usage.  相似文献   

Aquifer vulnerability and potential risk assessment: application to an intensely cultivated and densely populated area in Southern Italy     

Gianluigi Busico  Emilio Cuoco  Maurizio Sirna  Micòl Mastrocicco  Dario Tedesco 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(10):222

The use of indices, describing aquifer vulnerability and the risk of groundwater pollution, is a basic tool for the implementation of a sound water management plan, especially in densely populated and intensely cultivated areas. In this study, the groundwater contamination risk of the Caserta Plain (Southern Italy) was assessed through the integration of hazards defined on the basis of the different land uses, of the intrinsic vulnerability calculated by applying the SINTACS model and of the groundwater value evaluated by considering water wells density. In order to evaluate the evolution of the risk of groundwater pollution, the proposed methods were applied in the study area for both 2001 and 2009. The resulting specific vulnerability (SINTACS-L) and the risk (GRA) maps, created in a GIS environment, were validated by the comparison with the nitrate concentration distribution. The application of the proposed approach to the study area highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of each method and, at the same time, showed that their combination can provide an overall view of the threats posed to groundwater resources by the human activities affecting the territory. Considering both the benefits and the issues of the proposed approach, overall, the groundwater risk map is thought to be a robust tool to support water managers in defining future plans for water resources exploitation and land use.  相似文献   

Fluid geochemistry of the Mondragone hydrothermal systems (southern Italy): water and gas compositions vs. geostructural setting     

Cuoco  Emilio  Minissale  Angelo  Di Leo  Antonella “Magda”  Tamburrino  Stella  Iorio  Marina  Tedesco  Dario 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(7):2429-2444

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The geochemistry of natural thermal fluids discharging in the Mondragone Plain has been investigated. Thermal spring emergences are located along the...  相似文献   

Worldwide photometry and lightcurve observations of 1 Ceres during the 1975–1976 apparition     

E.F. Tedesco  R.C. Taylor  J. Drummond  D. Harwood  I. Nickoloff  F. Scaltriti  H.J. Schober  V. Zappala 《Icarus》1983,54(1):23-29

We present 19 lightcurves of asteroid 1 Ceres obtained during a global campaign in 1975–1976. The synodic period is 0.37812 ± 0.00004 day. The mean absolute V magnitude is 3.61 ± 0.03 and the phase coefficient is 0.40 ± 0.001 mag/deg. The U-B and B-V phase coefficients are +0.0015 ± 0.0007 and +0.0006 ± 0.0003 mag/deg, respectively. The colors at zero phase are B-V = +0.70 ± 0.01 and U-B = +0.41 ± 0.01.  相似文献   

The chemistry of hydrothermal mounds near the Galapagos Rift     

John B. Corliss  Mitchell Lyle  Jack Dymond  Kathy Crane 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1978,40(1):12-24

Samples dredged from the sediment mounds have a unique chemistry and mineralogy which reveals details of the hydrothermal processes that produce these deposits. The mounds form primarily by deposition of Fe, Mn and Si from hydrothermal fluids which circulate through the basalt crust and the overlying sediments. The Mn, Fe and Si are strongly fractionated in the process; the Fe and Si precipitate within the mounds under slightly reducing conditions as nontronite, while the Mn is deposited as Mn oxyhydroxides at the seawater-sediment interface. The nontronite is exceptionally well crystallized, and contains less than 200 ppm Al. The Mn minerals, todorokite and birnessite, also have exceptional crystallinity and the distribution of trace elements Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Ca and Ba in these phases agrees with predictions made on the basis of models of their crystal structure. The environment of deposition which produces this suite of minerals — slow percolation of hydrothermal fluids through pelagic sediments — may not be unique to the Galapagos Rift, as the same suite of minerals has been found in similar setting in the Gulf of Aden and on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.  相似文献   

Some observations on the ignimbrites,lava domes and lava flows of M. Cimino (Central Italy)     

M. Mittempergher  C. Tedesco 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1963,25(1):343-358

Cimino Volcano, in Northern Latium, is one of the most characteristic centers of the early Quaternary acid post-orogenetic volcanism in Central Italy. Three stages in the volcanic activity are distinguished: extrusion of several lava domes; ignimbrite cruptions; effusion of more or less differentiated lava flows. Ignimbrites, that form a shield of over 300 sq. km, show characters of welding variable with the distance from the source area and, in a single section, with the level in the sheet. Most part of the Cimino volcanics (domes and ignimbrites) have a quartzlatite composition. The olivine-trachyte (selagite) inclusions in the domes and ignimbrites, and the dark quartz-latite to olivine-trachyte lava flows, could be the products of a pneumatolitic differentiation in the various stages of the magmatic cycle.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a digital echo sounder system for detection of submersed aquatic vegetation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bruce M. Sabol  R. Eddie Melton  Robert Chamberlain  Peter Doering  Kathy Haunert 《Estuaries and Coasts》2002,25(1):133-141

A technique is presented for rapid detection of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) using a high-frequency, high-resolution digital echo sounder linked with global positioning system equipment. The acoustic reflectivity of SAV allows for detection and explicit meaqsurement of canopy geometry using a digital signal processing algorithm described here. Comparing output data from this system with physical measurements shows good detection and measurement performance over a wide range of conditions for freshwater tape grass (Vallisneria americana) and seagrasses (Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, andSyringodium filiforme) in a sandy-bottom, south Florida estuary. The range of environmental conditions for which the system can be used is defined. Based on these measured performance data and a review of existing literature, this system appears to fill a gap in the inventory of established methods for measuring the distribution and abundance of submersed macrophytes.  相似文献   

The determination of deep temperatures by means of the CO-CO2-H2-H2O geothermometer: an example using fumaroles in the Campi Flegrei,Italy     

D. Tedesco  J. C. Sabroux 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1987,49(1):381-387

Chromatographic analyses of fumarolic gases, collected in sampling bottles containing an alkaline solution, have been carried out using a thermal conductivity detector and a flame ionization detector, after catalytic conversion of CO and CH₄. The latter method enables the concentration of carbon monoxide to be measured with sufficient accuracy for use in a CO-CO₂-H₂-H₂O geothermometer. Application of this geothermometer to fumaroles in the crater of Solfatara in the Campi Flegrei, Italy, indicates that they are fed from a steam reservoir at 250±15 °C and at 10^–36±2atm of oxygen. On the other hand, the CH₄-CO₂-H₂-H₂O geothermobarometer seems to re-equilibrate at superficial temperatures and cannot be used for infering thermodynamic conditions at depth. Regular sampling of these fumaroles together with a geothermometric interpretation of the gas analyses provides a means of monitoring, with comparative accuracy, the chemical and thermal evolution of the hydrothermal reservoir below the Solfatara crater. Such monitoring would probably detect an increase in temperature at depth and the injection of magmatic gas into the reservoir.  相似文献   

Atmospheric correction of AMSR-E brightness temperatures for dry snow cover mapping     

Tedesco  M. Wang  J.R. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE》2006,3(3):320-324

Differences between the brightness temperatures (spectral gradient) collected by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz are used to map the snow-covered area (SCA) over a region including the western U.S. The brightness temperatures are corrected to take into account for atmospheric effects by means of a simplified radiative transfer equation whose parameters are stratified using rawinsonde data collected from a few stations. The surface emissivity is estimated from the model, and the brightness temperatures at the surface are computed as the product of the surface temperature and the computed emissivity. The SCA derived from microwave data is compared with that obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for both cases of corrected and noncorrected brightness temperatures. The improvement to the SCA retrievals based on the corrected brightness temperatures shows an average value around 7%.  相似文献   

Pole orientation of asteroid 44 Nysa via photometric astrometry,including a discussion of the method's application and its limitations     

R.C. Taylor  Edward F. Tedesco 《Icarus》1983,54(1):13-22

The results of photometric astrometry, a method of determining the orientation of a rotation axis, as applied to asteroid 44 Nysa are presented. The pole orientation of Nysa was found to be λ₀ = 100°, β₀ = +60° with an uncertainty of 10°. The sidereal period is 0^d.26755902 ± 0.00000006, and the rotation prograde. Refinements to, and limitations of, the application of the method of photometric astrometry are discussed. In light of the results presented herein, we believe that all photometric astrometry pole determinations of the past should be redone.  相似文献