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141.
H. Sugai T. Usuda H. Kawabata M. Y. Inoue H. Kataza M. Tanaka 《Experimental Astronomy》1994,3(1-4):315-316
We have developed a near-infrared Fabry-Perot imager at the Nasmyth focus of the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) 1.5 m telescope at Tokyo. Using this wide field Fabry-Perot imager, we obtained continuum-subtracted images of the H2
v=1–0 S(1) line for the Orion KL region. 相似文献
142.
143.
S. Hayakawa T. Kato F. Makino H. Ogawa Y. Tanaka K. Yamashita M. Matsuoka S. Miyamoto M. Oda Y. Ogawara 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1971,12(1):104-117
Cosmic soft X-rays in the energy range between 0.14 and 7 keV were observed with thin polypropylene window proportional counters on board a sounding rocket. The field of view crossed the galactic plane in the Cygnus-Cassiopeia region at a large angle and reached the galactic latitudes of –55° and +30°. Referring also to the result with Be window counters, we obtained the energy spectrum of Cyg XR-2, the flux from the Cas A region and the distribution of the intensity of diffuse X-rays over the scanned region. The turn-over of the Cyg XR-2 spectrum at about 1 keV indicates that the distance of the Cyg XR-2 source lies between 600 and 800 pc, if the turn-over is due entirely to interstellar absorption. The flux from the Cas A region is obtained as 0.23±0.05 photons cm–2 sec–1 in the energy range between 1.1 and 4.1 keV. The intensity of diffuse soft X-rays depends on the galactic latitude more weakly than expected from the interstellar absorption of extragalactic X-rays and shows asymmetry with respect to the galactic equator, thus suggesting a contribution of galactic X-rays. The spectrum of extragalactic X-rays is approximately represented by a power lawE
–1.8. 相似文献
144.
The evolution of hot thermal plasma in solar flares is analyzed by a single-temperature model applied to continuum emission in the 5 keV < E ? 13 keV spectral range. The general trend that the thermal plasma observed in soft X-rays is heated by the non-thermal electrons that emit as the hard X-ray bursts is confirmed by the observation of an electron temperature increase at the time interval of hard X-ray spikes and a quantitative comparison between thermal energy content and hard X-ray energy input. Non-thermal electrons of 10 keV < E < 30 keV energy may play an important role in pre- and post-burst phases. 相似文献
145.
146.
Ernst Kerkhoven Thian Yew Gan Michiharu Shiiba Gerhard Reuter Kenji Tanaka 《水文研究》2006,20(9):1961-1978
In order to evaluate cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes for hydrological applications, the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research's fifth‐generation mesoscale model (MM5) was used to simulate a summer monsoon in east China. The performances of five CP schemes (Anthes–Kuo, Betts–Miller, Fritsch–Chappell, Kain–Fritsch, and Grell) were evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate amount of rainfall during the heavy, moderate, and light phases of the event. The Grell scheme was found to be the most robust, performing well at all rainfall intensity and spatial scales. The Betts–Miller scheme also performed well, particularly at larger scales, but its assumptions may make it inapplicable to non‐tropical environments and at smaller scales. The Kain–Fritsch scheme was the best at simulating moderate rainfall rates, and was found to be superior to the Fritsch–Chappell scheme on which it was based. The Anthes–Kuo scheme was found to underpredict precipitation consistently at the mesoscale. Simulation performance was found to improve when schemes that included downdrafts were used in conjunction with schemes that did not include downdrafts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
147.
A rocket observation of cosmic soft X-rays suggests the existence of transient, recurrent soft X-ray sources which are found variable during the flight time of the rocket. Some of the soft X-ray sources thus far reported are considered to be of this time. These sources are listed in Table I, and their positions are shown in Figure 2.Paper presented at the COSPAR Symposium on Fast Transients in X- and Gamma-Rays, held at Varna, Bulgaria, 29–31 May, 1975. 相似文献
148.
Jung-Yoon Kang Taichu Y. Tanaka Masao Mikami Soon-Chang Yoon 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):57-65
There are few dust simulation studies for East Asian dust events that took place in the wintertime, when the surface conditions of the dust source region differ from those of the springtime. The soil water turns into ice when the temperature falls below freezing, and the ice might prohibit wind erosion by increasing the binding strength between soil particles. However, the contribution of frozen soil to reducing dust outbreaks remains unclear. This study investigates the effect of frozen soil on dust emission through a case study of a severe wintertime East Asian dust event that originated on 23 and 24 December 2009 in Southern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia and reached Korea on 25 and 26 December 2009 using WRF/Chem with a new dust emission scheme. Model simulations with and without the effect of frozen soil were conducted. A temperature below 0°C and relative soil saturation exceeding 40% were used for frozen soil criteria, and the frozen soil was prohibited from emitting dust. The dust concentrations derived from the simulation without the effect of frozen soil were about three times higher than the observed PM10 concentrations, while the results from the simulation with the frozen-soil effect were quite similar to those of the observation data. The simulation of the wintertime East Asian dust event with the frozen-soil effect improved the model representation. The sensitivity tests for frozen soil indicate that the criteria of frozen soil used in this study are appropriate for this case study. 相似文献
149.
The availability of an equation to evaluate the influence of multiple scattering in the single scattering process corresponding
to a layer of arbitrary optical thickness was established. In order to confirm the validity of this equation, the radiance
distribution in this layer was computed using a plane–parallel layer model based on the successive order of scattering method.
The relative errors in a radiance distribution computed were evaluated as a function of optical thickness by the derived equation.
It was shown that this equation provides a theoretical background for determining layer thickness using the plane–parallel
layer model. 相似文献
150.
Richard Arthur Reyment Isao Motoyama Miyuki Ota Yuichiro Tanaka 《Natural Resources Research》2008,17(3):187-195
A statistical analysis of two consecutive sequences of observations on radiolarian abundances in the western North Pacific,
by methods appropriate to data on the simplex (i.e., compositional data), show that although the overall graphical presentations
of the frequencies appear similar, there are substantial differences in the earlier part of each of the series. The results
of the multivariate analyses are used for identifying those species that contribute most to the analysis. A brief guide to
the mathematical properties of compositional data is given. 相似文献