Space weathered rims found on the surfaces of the Itokawa dust particles     

Takaaki Noguchi  Makoto Kimura  Takahito Hashimoto  Mitsuru Konno  Tomoki Nakamura  Michael E. Zolensky  Ryuji Okazaki  Masahiko Tanaka  Akira Tsuchiyama  Aiko Nakato  Toshinori Ogami  Hatsumi Ishida  Ryosuke Sagae  Shinichi Tsujimoto  Toru Matsumoto  Junya Matsuno  Akio Fujimura  Masanao Abe  Toru Yada  Toshifumi Mukai  Munetaka Ueno  Tatsuaki Okada  Kei Shirai  Yukihiro Ishibashi 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(2):188-214

On the basis of observations using Cs‐corrected STEM, we identified three types of surface modification probably formed by space weathering on the surfaces of Itokawa particles. They are (1) redeposition rims (2–3 nm), (2) composite rims (30–60 nm), and (3) composite vesicular rims (60–80 nm). These rims are characterized by a combination of three zones. Zone I occupies the outermost part of the surface modification, which contains elements that are not included in the unchanged substrate minerals, suggesting that this zone is composed of sputter deposits and/or impact vapor deposits originating from the surrounding minerals. Redeposition rims are composed only of Zone I and directly attaches to the unchanged minerals (Zone III). Zone I of composite and composite vesicular rims often contains nanophase (Fe,Mg)S. The composite rims and the composite vesicular rims have a two‐layered structure: a combination of Zone I and Zone II, below which Zone III exists. Zone II is the partially amorphized zone. Zone II of ferromagnesian silicates contains abundant nanophase Fe. Radiation‐induced segregation and in situ reduction are the most plausible mechanisms to form nanophase Fe in Zone II. Their lattice fringes indicate that they contain metallic iron, which probably causes the reddening of the reflectance spectra of Itokawa. Zone II of the composite vesicular rims contains vesicles. The vesicles in Zone II were probably formed by segregation of solar wind He implanted in this zone. The textures strongly suggest that solar wind irradiation damage and implantation are the major causes of surface modification and space weathering on Itokawa.  相似文献   

First findings of decapod crustacea in the hadal zone     

A.J. Jamieson  T. Fujii  M. Solan  A.K. Matsumoto  P.M. Bagley  I.G. Priede 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(4):641-647

Since the first major hadal sampling efforts in the 1950s, crustaceans of the order Decapoda have been thought absent from the hadal zone (6000–11,000 m) with no representatives documented >5700 m. A baited video lander deployed at 6007, 6890 and 7966 m in the Kermadec Trench, 8798 and 9729 m in the Tonga Trench (SW Pacific), 6945 and 7703 m in the Japan Trench and 5469 m in the Marianas region (NW Pacific) has now revealed a conspicuous presence of the Benthesicymid prawn Benthesicymus crenatus Bate 1881. Decapods were observed at all sites except at 7966 m in the Kermadec Trench and the two Tonga Trench sites, making the deepest finding 7703 m in the Japan Trench, 2000 m deeper than previously thought. These natantian decapods were readily attracted to fish bait and, rather than feeding on the bait itself, were observed preying upon smaller scavenging amphipods. These are the first observations of predation in the hadal zone. In less than 10 h of bottom time, 12 observations of 10 individuals were documented at 6007 m and 5 observations of 3 individuals were documented at 6890 m in the Kermadec Trench. In the Japan Trench at 6945 m 29 observations of 20 individuals were documented whilst only one individual was seen at 7703 m. Two individuals were observed in the abyssal Marianas Region (5575 m). Also, in the Kermadec Trench, individual caridean prawns (Acanthephyra spp.) were observed at 6007 and 6890 m, proving categorically that the crustacean order of Decapoda is represented in the hadal zone.  相似文献   

East-west distribution of POC fluxes estimated from <Superscript>234</Superscript>Th in the northern North Pacific in autumn     

Hajime Kawakami  Makio C. Honda  Kazuhiko Matsumoto  Tetsuichi Fujiki  Shuichi Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(1):71-83

Observations of primary productivity, ²³⁴Th, and particulate organic carbon (POC) were made from west to east across the northern North Pacific Ocean (from station K2 to Ocean Station Papa) during September–October 2005. Primary productivities in this region varied longitudinally from approximately 236 to 444 mgC m⁻²d⁻¹ and clearly indicate the West High East Low (WHEL) trend. We estimated east-west variations in the POC flux from the surface layer (0–100 m) by using ²³⁴Th as a tracer. POC fluxes in the western region (44–53 mgC m⁻²d⁻¹) were higher than those in the eastern region (21–34 mgC m⁻²d⁻¹). However, the export ratios (e-ratios) ranged from approximately 8% to 16% and did not show the WHEL trend. Contrary to our expectation, no relation between POC flux (or e-ratio) and diatom biomass (or dominance) was apparent in autumn in the northern North Pacific.  相似文献   

Erratum: Large-amplitude variables near the Galactic Centre     

I. S. Glass  S. Matsumoto  B. S. Carter  K. Sekiguchi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,336(4):1390-1390

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Characteristics of SeaMARC II phase data     

Matsumoto  H. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1990,15(4):350-360

The dispersion of SeaMARC II phase-difference samples is discussed. They appear to be a function of signal direction, range, noise level, and backscatter strength of the bottom. Field data from a lava flow area and from sedimented areas at different depths are compared. The temporal distribution of the phase-difference samples was skewed and asymmetrical about the model. The angular distribution was symmetrical about the mode, with some phase wrap-around. The field data show the presence of a complicated noise interference field. The amount of phase-difference dispersion was larger than that calculated by using a simple Gaussian isotropic noise model, possibly suggesting an additional phase-dispersion process caused by bottom roughness. The method used to produce bathymetry data from the phase-difference samples was evaluated in light of the phase-difference sample distribution  相似文献   

Alteration of rock by volcanic gas in Japan     

Iwaji Iwasaki  Mitsuei Hirayama  Takashi Katsura  Takejiro Ozawa  Jyoyo Ossaka  Masaakira Kamada  Hatao Matsumoto 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1964,27(1):65-78

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The influence of multiple diffraction on the space group determination of orthopyroxene,spodumene, low omphacite and pigeonite     

Satoshi Sasaki  Takeo Matsumoto  Chikako Sawada 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1981,7(6):260-267

Forbidden reflections of some pyroxenes described as having a lower symmetry than Pbca or C2/c have been examined, mainly using the detailed ψ-scanning method of the four-circle automated diffractometer. All reflections violating the systematic absences of Pbca orthopyroxene, C2/c spodumene, P2/n omphacite and P2₁/c pigeonite were found to be due to the Umweganregung process of multiple diffraction; the Umweganregung peaks observed for the ψ azimuth were indexed in terms of a four-circle geometry. Thus, the space groups of orthopyroxene, α spodumene, low omphacite and low pigeonite were confirmed to be Pbca, C2/c, P2/n and P2₁/c, respectively.  相似文献   

Multicomponent observation of crustal activity in the DPRI 800 m borehole close to the Nojima Fault   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroshi Ishii  Atsushi Mukai  Kunio Fujimori  Shigeru Nakao  Shigeo Matsumoto  Yasuhiro Hirata 《Island Arc》2001,10(3-4):282-287

Abstract An 800 m borehole was drilled near the Nojima Fault, on which a strike–slip larger then 1 m occurred during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake ( M = 7.2). Crustal activity near the fault has been observed since May 1996 using a multicomponent instrument installed at the bottom of the borehole. Data of three components of strain, two components of tilt and temperature observed from May 1996 to December 1998 were analyzed. Long-term changes of strain and tilt show a north-east–south-west extension and southwards subsidence. As for the Earth tides and atmospheric effect, orientation of the principal axis of strain was mainly east-west and orientation of the maximum subsidence was mainly north-south. The observational data of strain had variations corresponding to a change in temperature at a depth of 800 m. The thermal expansion coefficient of the crust was calculated to be approximately 2.0 × 10⁻⁶/°K.  相似文献   

Morphological and chemical variations of chromian spinel in dunite-harzburgite complexes from the Sangun zone (SW Japan): implications for mantle/melt reaction and chromitite formation processes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. Matsumoto  S. Arai 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2001,73(4):305-323

Summary ?Many ultramafic complexes, some of which have chromitite bodies, are exposed in the Sangun zone in central Chugoku district, Southwest Japan. Harzburgite is always dominant over dunite, but the dunite/harzburgite ratio varies from complex to complex. Large chromitite bodies are exclusively found in relatively dunite-dominant complexes or portions. The degree of roundness, DR#=[area/(round-length)²] (normalized by a circle’s value: 1/4π), of chromian spinel is variable, depending on lithology of the peridotites. Chromian spinel is mostly anhedral or even vermicular (less than 0.4 in DR#) in harzburgite, and is most frequently euhedral or rounded (within the range of 0.7 to 0.9 in DR#) in dunite. The morphology of spinel is correlated with chemistry: the DR# is positively correlated with Ti content and Fe^3+#(=Fe³⁺/(Cr + Al + Fe³⁺)), but is not related to Cr#. When chromitite is present in dunite, the spinel is relatively anhedral (vermicular) and low in Ti and Fe^3+# in the dunite whereas it is relatively euhedral and high in Ti and Fe^3+# in surrounding harzburgite. We define these spinels as “extraordinary” spinels, which are commonly found in Wakamatsu mine area in the Tari-Misaka complex, which exploits the largest chromite body in Japan. The rocks with the “extraordinary” spinels show transitional lithologies (a gradual boundary, one meter to several tens of meters in width) between dunite and harzburgite with “ordinary” spinels. The formation of dunite and chromitite is interpreted as a result of the reaction of harzburgite with a relatively Ti-rich magma (back-arc basin or MORB-like magma) and related magma mixing, as discussed by Arai and Yurimoto (1994). The dike-like occurrence of the dunite and chromitite indicates that the reaction took place along melt conduits (=fractures) less than 200 m in width. Podiform chromitites were formed only when the reaction zone was relatively wide (several tens of meters in width), that is, only when the degree of interaction was relatively high. The magma modified by the reaction percolated, possibly by porous flow from the reaction zone outward, and changed the texture and chemistry of chromian spinel, on the scale of several tens of meters. This type of melt transport, or melt flow through fractures with a melt percolation aureole, may be prevalent in the uppermost mantle. Received February 8, 2000;/revised version accepted December 22, 2000  相似文献   

Long-term features of drifting and standing non-dipole fields as determined from Holocene palaeomagnetic secular variations     

Chizu Itota  Masayuki Hyodo  Katsumi Yaskawa 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(2):390-404

Geomagnetic field motions of Holocene secular variations are investigated using a separation method. The palaeomagnetic secular variations from Britain, North America and Australia have been subjected to maximum-entropy method analyses. Based on the results of spectral analyses, the secular variations are separated by band-pass filters into low-frequency components, generally including the period band 1800-3600 yr, and high-frequency components, generally including the period band 1000-1200 yr. There is an interval, from 4200 to 1700 yr BP, which shows clockwise rotational motions in the low-frequency components of all three sites. Westward drifting of geomagnetic fields may be globally dominant. Swinging or elliptical looping motions constrained to a certain direction were observed in the low-frequency components of the British data. The time duration for the persistence of the swinging motion constrained to a certain direction was 3500 years or so, which could be the lifetime of an oscillating stationary field. The duration of the transitional motion was 1000-1300 years, which may indicate the recurrence time of a stationary field.  相似文献