Sulfur isotopic composition of the magnetite-series and ilmenite-series granitoids in Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akira Sasaki  Shunso Ishihara 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,68(2):107-115

Sulfur isotopic composition has been measured on 30 granitoids and 11 gabbroids from the Cretaceous and Tertiary granitic terranes of Japan. The two series of granitoids, the magnetite-series and ilmenite-series, defined by Ishihara (1977), show two specific isotope trends. The magnetite-series granioids all have positive (su34)S (CDT) values from +1 to +9, while the ilmenite-series rocks are dominated by negative values between –11 and –1. The trend in the ilmenite-series is consistent with the thesis that the magma has been influenced by light biogenic sulfur from the continental crust. The inferred large scale magma-crust interaction in the ilmenite-series granitoids indicates that the emplacement of this series of magma has been governed by a stoping mechanism.In contrast, the magnetite-series granitoids have little if any evidence for significant magma-crust interaction, indicating that the intrusion of this series of magma may have been more or less of fissure-filling type. Their trend towards positive (su3 4)S values (average +5) argues for the introduction of some heavy sulfur, probably of seawater origin, into the mantle derived sulfur. This is most likely to occur in an arctrench system by the subduction of an oceanic plate which accompanies the sulfate-bearing pelagic sediments.The isotopic data of gabbroids, mostly between –1 and +3, are close to the commonly assumed value for mantle sulfur. Nevertheless, the gabbroids from the magnetite-series granitic terranes tend to have higher (su34)S value than those from the ilmenite-series belts. It is inferred that the factors controlling the isotope characteristics of the granitoid sulfur have also been operative in these grabbroids at least to some extent.  相似文献   

SELENE project status     

Konishi Hisahiro  Manabu Kato  Susumu Sasaki  Yoshisada Takizawa  Hitoshi Mizutani 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(6):771-775

SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) project started as a joint mission of the former ISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) and the former NASDA (National Space Development Agency: the two organizations were merged into JAXA in 2002) of Japan in 1998. The launch target is rescheduled for 2006 due to delay of completion of launch vehicle, H-IIA. The SELENE project is now under a sustained design phase. The flight model components were manufactured, and the interface tests between the bus-system and the mission instruments were completed by the end of March 2004. The functional checks and calibration for the flight model components are being carried out at present. From the beginning of 2005, the final assembly tests will start.  相似文献   

Observation of shear zone development in ring-shear apparatus with a transparent shear box   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Hiroshi Fukuoka  Kyoji Sassa  Gonghui Wang  Ryo Sasaki 《Landslides》2006,3(3):239-251

Using a new ring-shear apparatus with a transparent shear box and video image analysis system, drained and undrained speed-controlled tests were conducted on coarse-grained silica sands to study the shear-zone formation process in granular materials. Velocity distribution profiles of grains under shear at various stages in the ring shear tests were observed through processing the video image by the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) program. Shear-zone thickness and type of shear mode (slide-like or flow-like) during shear were observed. Before reaching peak strength in low-speed and drained condition test, a comparatively major part of the sample in the upper shear box showed a velocity distribution profile of structural deformation and dilatancy behavior. After peak strength, the velocity profile changed into a slide-like mode and thereafter showed almost no change. In higher speed tests with drained and undrained conditions, an almost slide-like mode was observed, compared to low-speed test. Apparent shear-zone thicknesses of high-speed tests are thinner than low-speed tests. Unexpectedly, almost no difference was observed in the shear-zone thickness and mode of shear (slide or flow-like) between drained and undrained tests. This study was conducted as part of the International Programme on Landslides (IPL) M101 “Areal prediction of earthquake and rain induced rapid and long-traveling flow phenomena (APERITIF)” of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). These results will contribute to understanding the mechanism of shear-zone development in granular materials as a basic knowledge for disaster risk mitigation of rapid long run-out landslides.  相似文献   

Vertical distribution of stable isotopic composition in atmospheric water vapor and subsurface water in grassland and forest sites, eastern Mongolia     

Maki Tsujimura  Lisa Sasaki  Atsuko Sugimoto  Dai Matsushima  Mijiddorj Saandar 《Journal of Hydrology》2007,333(1):35-46

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Tsunami and mechanism of great earthquakes     

Katsuyuki Abe 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1973,7(2):143-153

The relation between tsunamis and sea-bottom deformations associated with the Kurile Islands earthquake of 1969 and the Tokachi-Oki earthquake of 1968 is studied on the basis of a fairly complete set of seismological and tsunami data. The seismic results are included in the calculation of static crustal deformations. The calculated deformations are compared with the tsunami source area as obtained by the inverse refraction diagram, the first motion of tsunami waves, and the height of the sea-level disturbance at the source. It is found that such deformations as predicted by the seismic results can quantitatively explain the source parameters of tsunamis. These findings strongly favor the idea that tsunamis are generated by tectonic deformations rather than by large submarine landslides and slumps. This conclusion is supported by additional analyses for the 1964 Niigata, 1944 Tonankai, 1933 Sanriku earthquakes. For the 1946 Nankaido earthquake, the source deformation responsible for the tsunami generation is of much greater magnitude than that for seismic waves.  相似文献   

The influence of multiple diffraction on the space group determination of orthopyroxene,spodumene, low omphacite and pigeonite     

Satoshi Sasaki  Takeo Matsumoto  Chikako Sawada 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1981,7(6):260-267

Forbidden reflections of some pyroxenes described as having a lower symmetry than Pbca or C2/c have been examined, mainly using the detailed ψ-scanning method of the four-circle automated diffractometer. All reflections violating the systematic absences of Pbca orthopyroxene, C2/c spodumene, P2/n omphacite and P2₁/c pigeonite were found to be due to the Umweganregung process of multiple diffraction; the Umweganregung peaks observed for the ψ azimuth were indexed in terms of a four-circle geometry. Thus, the space groups of orthopyroxene, α spodumene, low omphacite and low pigeonite were confirmed to be Pbca, C2/c, P2/n and P2₁/c, respectively.  相似文献   

Effects of a physical librations of the moon caused by a liquid core,and determination of the fourth mode of a free libration     

Yu. V. Barkin  H. Hanada  K. Matsumoto  S. Sasaki  M. Yu. Barkin 《Solar System Research》2014,48(6):403-419

An analytical theory of lunar physical librations based on its two-layer model consisting of a non-spherical solid mantle and ellipsoidal liquid core is developed. The Moon moves on a high-precision orbit in the gravitational field of the Earth and other celestial bodies. The defined fourth mode of a free libration is caused by the influence of the liquid core, with a long period of 205.7 yr, with amplitude S = 0″0395 and with an initial phase Π₀ = ?134° (for the initial epoch 2000.0). Estimates of dynamic (meridional) oblatenesses of a liquid core of the Moon have been estimated: ?_D = 4.42 × 10^?4, μ_D = 2.83 × 10^?4 (?_D + μ_D = 7.24 × 10^?4). These results have been obtained as a result of comparison of the developed analytical theory of physical librations of the Moon with the empirical theory of librations of the Moon constructed on the basis of laser observations.  相似文献   

Estimation of urban heat island intensity using biases in surface air temperature simulated by a nonhydrostatic regional climate model     

Akihiko Murata  Hidetaka Sasaki  Mizuki Hanafusa  Kazuo Kurihara 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(1-2):351-361

This study demonstrates that urban heat island (UHI) intensity can be estimated by comparing observational data and the outputs of a well-developed high-resolution regional climate model. Such an estimate is possible because the observations include the effects of UHI, whereas the model used does not include urban effects. Therefore, the errors in the simulated surface air temperature, defined as the difference between simulated and observed temperatures (simulated minus observed), are negative in urban areas but 0 in rural areas. UHI intensity is estimated by calculating the difference in temperature error between urban and rural areas. Our results indicate that overall UHI intensity in Japan is 1.5 K and that the intensity is greater in nighttime than in daytime, consistent with the previous studies. This study also shows that root mean square error and the magnitude of systematic error for the annual mean temperature are small (within 1.0 K).  相似文献   

Presence of a primary solar-type atmosphere around the earth: evidence of dissolved noble gas     

Sho Sasaki   《Planetary and Space Science》1999,47(12):551-1431

Recent noble gas data of mantle-derived samples show that there are two end members: PLUME-type and MORB-type. The estimated high ³He and ²²Ne abundances of the PLUME source, possibly representing the lower mantle, should reflect the remnant of dissolved solar-type atmosphere. Calculations of the structure of the primary atmosphere and the noble gas dissolution into the magma ocean of the accreting planet suggest that the high ³He and ²²Ne abundances can be explained if the primary atmosphere persisted until M0.4–0.6 M_E (M_E being the present Earth mass). The PLUME source has higher ³He/⁴He and lower ²¹Ne/²²Ne than the MORB source. This is explained by assuming that the lower mantle was less degassed during magma ocean cooling. The carbon abundance in the mantle can be constrained from the estimated abundance of mantle ³He and C/³He data of the present mantle-derived samples. Dissolved solar-type noble gas might explain high noble gas abundance in the present Venus, if the primary atmosphere persisted until the final stage of accretion under lower dust opacity of the atmosphere.  相似文献