He+ ion implantation and electron irradiation effects on cathodoluminescence of plagioclase     

Masahiro Kayama  Hirotsugu Nishido  Shin Toyoda  Kosei Komuro  Adrian A. Finch  Martin R. Lee  Kiyotaka Ninagawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(7):531-545

Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of unirradiated, He⁺ ion-implanted and electron-irradiated plagioclase minerals contain the following emission bands: (1) below 300 nm due to Pb²⁺, (2) at ~320 and ~350 nm to Ce³⁺, (3) at 380–420 nm to Eu²⁺, Ti⁴⁺ and/or Al–O^?–Al/Ti defects, (4) at 560–580 nm to Mn²⁺ and (5) at 720–760 nm to Fe³⁺. During the implantation of He⁺ ion, much of their energy may be dissipated by partial destruction and strain of the feldspar framework, resulting in quenching of CL. Deconvolution of CL spectra acquired from albite and oligoclase reveals an emission component at 1.86 eV (666 nm) assigned to a radiation-induced defect center associated with Na⁺ atoms. As its intensity increases with radiation dose, this emission component has potential for geodosimetry and geochronometry. Electron irradiation causes Na⁺ migration in plagioclase, and then a considerable reduction in intensity of emissions assigned to impurity centers, which is responsible for an alteration in the energy state or a decrease in luminescence efficiency following the change of activation energy. Emission intensity at 1.86 eV positively correlates with electron irradiation time for unimplanted and He⁺ ion-implanted albite and oligoclase, but negatively for the implanted albite above 1.07 × 10^?4 C/cm². It implies that radiation halo produced by α-particles should not be measured using CL spectroscopy to estimate β radiation dose on albite in the high radiation level.  相似文献   

Phase relations in the carbon-saturated C–Mg–Fe–Si–O system and C and Si solubility in liquid Fe at high pressure and temperature: implications for planetary interiors     

Suguru Takahashi  Eiji Ohtani  Hidenori Terasaki  Yoshinori Ito  Yuki Shibazaki  Miho Ishii  Ken-ichi Funakoshi  Yuji Higo 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(8):647-657

The phase and melting relations of the C-saturated C–Mg–Fe–Si–O system were investigated at high pressure and temperature to understand the role of carbon in the structure of the Earth, terrestrial planets, and carbon-enriched extraterrestrial planets. The phase relations were studied using two types of experiments at 4 GPa: analyses of recovered samples and in situ X-ray diffractions. Our experiments revealed that the composition of metallic iron melts changes from a C-rich composition with up to about 5 wt.% C under oxidizing conditions (ΔIW = ?1.7 to ?1.2, where ΔIW is the deviation of the oxygen fugacity (fO₂) from an iron-wüstite (IW) buffer) to a C-depleted composition with 21 wt.% Si under reducing conditions (ΔIW < ?3.3) at 4 GPa and 1,873 K. SiC grains also coexisted with the Fe–Si melt under the most reducing conditions. The solubility of C in liquid Fe increased with increasing fO₂, whereas the solubility of Si decreased with increasing fO₂. The carbon-bearing phases were graphite, Fe₃C, SiC, and Fe alloy melt (Fe–C or Fe–Si–C melts) under the redox conditions applied at 4 GPa, but carbonate was not observed under our experimental conditions. The phase relations observed in this study can be applicable to the Earth and other planets. In hypothetical reducing carbon planets (ΔIW < ?6.2), graphite/diamond and/or SiC exist in the mantle, whereas the core would be an Fe–Si alloy containing very small amount of C even in the carbon-enriched planets. The mutually exclusive nature of C and Si may be important also for considering the light elements of the Earth’s core.  相似文献   

Analyses of age and population genetic structure of the broadbanded thornyhead Sebastolobus macrochir in North Japan suggest its broad dispersion and migration before settlement     

Sakiko Orui Sakaguchi  Kiyotaka Takishita  Tomoaki Goto  Haruka Shibata  Shigeaki Kojima  Shinji Tsuchida  Hiroshi Kitazato  Katsunori Fujikura 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(5):457-462

Body size, age, and population genetic structure of the broadbanded thornyhead Sebastolobus macrochir inhabiting areas off the Pacific coast of Tohoku and off Abashiri, the Sea of Okhotsk, Japan, were analyzed. On the basis of significant differences in body size (growth) between certain year classes at Tohoku and Abashiri, it appears that S. macrochir does not migrate extensively after settlement and subsists on food within the settled environment. Meanwhile, no genetic isolation was observed between the populations at these two sites. Thus, it is highly likely that its pelagic egg balloons, larvae, and juveniles widely disperse and migrate before settlement.  相似文献   

Internal structure of the Nojima Fault zone from the Hirabayashi GSJ drill core   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tomoyuki Ohtani  Hidemi Tanaka    Koichiro Fujimoto  Takayuki Higuchi  Naoto Tomida  Hisao Ito 《Island Arc》2001,10(3-4):392-400

Abstract The internal structures of the Nojima Fault, south-west Japan, are examined from mesoscopic observations of continuous core samples from the Hirabayashi Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) drilling. The drilling penetrated the central part of the Nojima Fault, which ruptured during the 1995 Kobe earthquake (Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake) ( M 7.2). It intersected a 0.3 m-thick layer of fault gouge, which is presumed to constitute the fault core (defined as a narrow zone of extremely concentrated deformation) of the Nojima Fault Zone. The rocks obtained from the Hirabayashi GSJ drilling were divided into five types based on the intensities of deformation and alteration: host rock, weakly deformed and altered granodiorite, fault breccia, cataclasite, and fault gouge. Weakly deformed and altered granodiorite is distributed widely in the fault zone. Fault breccia appears mostly just above the fault core. Cataclasite is distributed mainly in a narrow (≈1 m wide) zone in between the fault core and a smaller gouge zone encountered lower down from the drilling. Fault gouge in the fault core is divided into three types based on their color and textures. From their cross-cutting relationships and vein development, the lowest fault gouge in the fault core is judged to be newer than the other two. The fault zone characterized by the deformation and alteration is assumed to be deeper than 426.2 m and its net thickness is > 46.5 m. The fault rocks in the hanging wall (above the fault core) are deformed and altered more intensely than those in the footwall (below the fault core). Furthermore, the intensities of deformation and alteration increase progressively towards the fault core in the hanging wall, but not in the footwall. The difference in the fault rock distribution between the hanging wall and the footwall might be related to the offset of the Nojima Fault and/or the asymmetrical ground motion during earthquakes.  相似文献   

Oscillatory orbits in the planar three‐body problem with equal masses     

Kiyotaka Tanikawa  Hiroaki Umehara 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1998,70(3):167-180

In the free‐fall three‐body problem, distributions of escape, binary, and triple collision orbits are obtained. Interpretation of the results leads us to the existence of oscillatory orbits in the planar three‐body problem with equal masses. A scenario to prove their existence is described. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

南极乔治王岛雪藻的分布及其相关的雪物理和化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

大谷修司  陈波  中坪孝之 《极地研究》1998,10(3):34-46

研究了南极乔治王岛地区雪藻的分布和种类组成,以及相关的有色雪的物理和化学特征,如积雪性状、雪融水的ｐＨ、电导率和营养盐浓度,以便了解影响雪藻分布的环境因子。乔治王岛地区的大多数雪藻是属绿藻门的种类,与其他淡水生境相比,兰藻和硅藻数量稀少。利用菲尔德斯半岛和阿德雷岛沿岸的三种主要雪型研究雪藻群落的生态学：由绿藻的红色休眠细胞占优势的红色雪,由一种丝状绿藻（Ｋｌｅｂｓｏｒｍｉｄｉｕｍｓｐ．）占优势的绿色雪和由一种小球状的金藻占优势的褐色雪。红色雪和褐色雪趋向于以粗糙粒状雪的性状出现,而绿色雪则趋向于以渍水性雪的性状出现。所有有色雪的ｐＨ值处于同一水平（ｐＨ为５～６）,但绿色雪融水的电导率和氨氮（ＮＨ４－Ｎ）浓度高于红色和褐色雪,且绿色雪的叶绿素ａ含量比红色雪高得多。有色雪的叶绿素ａ含量与ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＰＯ４－Ｐ浓度的相关性不明显,但在所研究的环境因子中,雪的性状、雪融水的电导率和ＮＨ４－Ｎ浓度对雪藻的分布有影响。  相似文献   

Relative transport in the Alaskan Stream in winter     

Kiyotaka Ohtani 《Journal of Oceanography》1970,26(5):271-282

Between late January and March of 1966, the western Subarctic region was widely investigated by MVArgo and MVG. B. Kelez. That is the first oceanographic measurement in this region during winter season. Oceanographic conditions and relative transports are discussed using these data. The Alaskan Stream which is closely related with the formation of the salmon fishing ground, is continuous as far west as long. 170°E and the westward transport of 8×10⁶m³/sec occurs across long. 165°W. That are similar to the conditions in summer. The isolated warm water mass separated from the Alaskan Stream is more clearly defined as a clockwise gyre at the west of Komandorski Ridge. Transport of approximately 9×10⁶m³/sec in the East Kamchatka Current reaches east of the Kurile Islands, where its water, mixing with the Okhotsk Sea water, forms the Oyashio Current having the volume transport of 7×10⁶m³/sec. Generally, the circulation pattern in winter is similar to that in summer. Schematic diagram of relative transport and circulation in the Subarctic region in the North Pacific Ocean in winter is proposed.  相似文献   

Melting relations of peridotite and the density crossover in planetary mantles     

Eiji Ohtani  Yoshihiko Nagata  Akio Suzuki  Takumi Kato 《Chemical Geology》1995,120(3-4):207-221

Melting relations of primitive peridotite were studied up to 25 GPa. The change of the liquidus phase from olivine to majorite occurs at 16 GPa. We confirmed the density crossover of the FeO-rich peridotite melt and the equilibrium olivine (Fo₉₀) at 7 GPa. Sinking of equilibrium olivine (Fo₉₅) in the primitive peridotite melt was observed up to 10 GPa. The compression curves of FeO-rich peridotitic and komatiite melts reported in this and earlier work suggest that the density crossover in the Earth's mantle will be located at 11–12 GPa at 2000°C, consistent with an previous estimation by C.B. Agee and D. Walker.

The density crossover can play a key role in the Moon and the terrestrial planets, such as the Earth, Venus and Mars. Majorite and some fraction of melt could have separated from the ascending diapir and sunk downwards at the depths below the density crossover. This process could have produced a garnet-rich transition zone in the Earth's mantle. The density crossover may exist in the FeO-rich lunar mantle at around the center of the Moon. The density crossover which exists at the depth of 600 km in the Martian mantle plays a key role in producing a fractionated mantle, which is the source the parent magmas of the SNC meteorites.  相似文献   

Formation of olivine textures in pallasites and thermal history of pallasites in their parent body     

Eiji Ohtani 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1983,32(2):182-192

An analysis of the textures of pallasites has been made using data concerning the kinetic and rheological properties of silicates and metals. Pallasites containing rounded olivines (e.g., the Springwater and Brehnam pallasites) have been heated to above the solidus temperature of the metallic iron phases, ～ 1270 K. The rounded olivines of grain size 0.5–1.0 cm observed in the Springwater pallasites were formed between 1270 and 1370 K. On the other hand, those of grain size 0.5–1.0 mm as found in the Brehnam pallasites may have been heated to above 1370 K; however, the duration of heating at such high temperatures must have been less than 5 × 10³ y. Pallasites containing angular olivines with microscopically rounded corners (e.g., the Eagle Station, Dora pallasites) have suffered shock events fracturing the olivine grains, which may correspond to collisions during the accretional stage of the parent body, and experienced successive annealing during cooling from a temperature between 1150 and 1270 K.  相似文献   

High-pressure X-ray diffraction studies on β- and γ-Mg₂SiO₄     

Seishiro Mizukami  Akihito Ohtani  Naoto Kawai  Eiji Ito 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1975,10(2):177-182

Pressure effects on the lattice parameters of β- and γ-Mg₂SiO₄ have been measured at room temperature and at pressures up to 100 kbar using a multi-anvil high-pressure X-ray diffraction apparatus. The volume changes (ΔV/V₀) at 90 kbar are 5.4 · 10^?2 and 4.2 · 10^?2 for β- and γ-Mg₂SiO₄, respectively. Isothermal bulk moduli at zero pressure have been calculated from least-square fits of the data to straight lines. They turn out to be 1.66 ± 0.4 and 2.13 ± 0.1 Mbar for β- and γ-Mg₂SiO₄, respectively. The α → γ transition obeys Wang's linear V_φ?ρ relation but the α → β transition does not.  相似文献