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991.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are corrupted by speckle noise due to random interference of electromagnetic waves.
The speckle degrades the quality of the image and makes it difficult to interpret, analyse and classify. This paper proposes
a method that reduces the speckle and preserves the features by using scale-space correlation between the scales. The results
show that the proposed method is better than the widely used filters based on the spatial domain, such as Lee, Kuan, Frost,
Ehfrost, Median, Gamma filters in terms of feature preservation. Moreover the proposed method achieves a wide range of balances
between speckle reduction and feature preservation, and thus is applicable in different applications such as road detection,
detection/ identification of bridge, and ribbon like structures. Furthermore, the proposed method does not require prior modeling
of either the image or noise statistics. It uses the variance of the detail wavelets coefficients to estimate noise variance. 相似文献
992.
The growth of monodisperse particles (0.07 to 0.5 µm) exposed to SO2 (0–860 ppb), H2O2 (0–150 ppb) and sometimes NH3 (0–550 ppb) in purified air at 22 °C at relative humidities ranging from 25 to 75% were measured using the Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer technique. The experiments were performed in a flow reactor with aqueous (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4 droplets. For (NH4)2SO4 droplets the fractional diameter growth was independent of size above 0.3 µm but decreased with decreasing size below that. When NH3 was added the fractional growth increased with decreasing size. Measurements were compared with predictions of a model that accounts for solubility of the reactive gases, the liquid phase oxidation of SO2 by H2O2, and ionic equilibria. Agreement between measured and predicted droplet growth is reasonable when the ionic strength effects are included. Theory and experiments suggest that NH3 evaporation is responsible for the decrease in relative growth rates for small aqueous ammonium sulfate particles. The observed droplet growth rates are too slow to explain observed growth rates of secondary atmospheric sulfate particles. 相似文献
993.
The current practices in ductility-based earthquake design ignore the damage caused by the repeated random inelastic excursions. A ductile structure may however suffer different degrees of damage depending on the number and amplitudes of these inelastic excursions. The information about the largest response peak as available from the response spectra may not thus be enough as the higher-order peaks are likely to play an important role in the progressing damage. A probabilistic model is proposed here to estimate the damage in a structure with a given amount of ductility by using the order statistics of the higher-order peaks. The proposed formulation relates damage to the entire response process, not just to the largest response. It thus accounts for the different roles played by the total number of peaks in the process, the relative amplitudes and number of excursions, and frequency content of the response process. 相似文献
994.
995.
V. K. Singh D. G. Rao M. Prasad A. Sinha 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(3):143-156
Summary The present study represents an attempt to optimize the overall slope angle of a lead-zinc mine in Rajasthan state, which could extend to a depth of 170 m during the first phase of mining. Detailed geotechnical investigations were conducted. These included geotechnical mapping, determination of the physio-mechanical properties of intact rock, determination of the rock mass rating and estimation of rock mass properties. Information was collected from mapping of benches and borehole logs. Based on these data, limit equilibrium and numerical simulation techniques were applied in order to assess the stability of the slopes and determine an optimum slope angle. From these investigations it has been inferred that the overall footwall and hangingwall slopes should be 42° and 48° respectively. 相似文献
996.
Fish were kept in non-toxic water or at 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 of the LC50,96h of the ten-side or insecticide for 24 h and fed with toxified and non-toxified feed. Toxified feed in normal water resulted in a maximum feed intake, while normal feed in toxified water resulted in a minimum one. In each case, the feed intake was lower compared with the control, and the feed intake was inversely proportional to the toxicant concentration. In a simple respirometer the oxygen consumption in mg · kg?1 · h?1 was tested for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h of exposure to 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 of the LC50,96h of both substances. It was a flow device which was closed only for measurement for one hour. 1.5 LC50 Aldrin causes a continuous reduction of respiration until death. The same effect occurred with Cl. batrachus for 1.5 LC50 of the tenside, whereas with C. mrigala death was caused by a pronounced increase of respiration. In all other cases, after a phase of sensitization for 4 … 8 h respiration increased considerably to more than 300% of the control, which was followed after 12 … 24 h by acclimatization to normal respiration values. 相似文献
997.
998.
A. Das Gupta 《Tectonophysics》1982,83(3-4)
Through a closely spaced local network of seismic stations in Himachal Pradesh, India, supplemented by worldwide P-wave first-motion data, the source mechanism of the February 14, 1977 earthquake which occurred very close to the Rawalpindi area in Pakistan has been determined. The fault-plane solution as reported earlier for this event by Seeber and Armbruster (1979) showed thrust faulting. The reliability of their solution has been tested using more P-wave first-motion data from near Indian stations within the epicentral distance of 4°–7°, as well as from distant stations. The inclusion of data from these stations completely changed the type of faulting from thrust to normal type. The new solution parameters have been briefly discussed in relation to the local geological faults/thrusts. 相似文献
999.
J R Trivedi K Gopalan Kewal Kisharma K R Gupta V M Choubey 《Journal of Earth System Science》1982,91(1):65-73
The Gaik Granite is a part of the Ladakh batholith outcropping between Gaik and Kiari in NW Himalaya. This is a pink porphyritic granite rich in biotite and poor in hornblende. Rb-Sr analyses have been made on six whole-rock samples of the Gaik Granite. Though the samples are poorly enriched in radiogenic Sr, they define a reliable isochron corresponding to an age of 235±13 (2σ) m.y. and initial87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0·7081±0·0004 (2σ). Biotite, plagioclase and potash feldspar fractions separated from two of the samples have yielded a much younger mineral isochron at 30±1·5 m.y. indicating a nearly complete redistribution of Sr isotopes between mineral phases at a time much later than the primary emplacement of the granite. The present results show that at least some components of the Ladakh batholith are of Permo-Triassic age. These rocks were isotopically re-equilibrated on a mineral scale during Upper Oligocene in response to the Himalayan orogeny. 相似文献
1000.
Histopathological changes in various cellular constituents of gill, liver and kidney were studied in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) after treatment with cadmium. The changes included fusion, vacuolization, necrosis, hypertrophy and formation of cellular debris in the gill; swellings in nuclei, vacuolization, necrosis and coagulation of cytoplasm in the liver; expansion of renal tubules and formation of cellular debris in the kidney. The changes in the tissue architecture have been discussed in reference to fish mortality. 相似文献