The representation of foreseeable natural risks: A contribution to a new cartography of Avalanches     

R. Lambert 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1992,45(1):83-88

Summary Research carried out on a favourable site in the Pre-Alps of Savoy has allowed the development of risk cartography where avalanche phenomena are defined according to three criteria: maximum extension, type of avalanche, and frequency of avalanche. The maps, composed of simple symbols, allowing easy updating, could be a useful tool for mountain professionals.With 4 Figures  相似文献   

Combined satellite and ground-based observations of the quiescent,high latitude symbiotic variable AG Draconis=BD+67°922     

M. H. Slovak  J. P. Cassinelli  C. M. Anderson  D. L. Lambert 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1987,131(1-2):765-769

Satellite observations, fromEinstein,IUE, andIRAS, have been combined with ground-based observations to derive the quiescent energy distribution of the symbiotic star AG Draconis. A detailed comparison is made between the combined observations and various steady-state composite models, including blackbody accretion disks.Paper presented at the IAU Colloquium No. 93 on Cataclysmic Variables. Recent Multi-Frequency Observations and Theoretical Developments, held at Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, F.R.G., 16–19 June, 1986.  相似文献   

Isotopic abundances of silicon in four red giants     

David L. Lambert  Andrew McWilliam  Verne V. Smith 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1987,133(2):369-381

High-resolution spectra near 4 m of the four red giants— Peg,o ¹ Ori, 10 Dra, and HR 1105—have been analysed to obtain estimates of the²⁸Si/²⁹Si and²⁸Si/³⁰Si abundance ratios. For Peg and the S star HR 1105, the²⁸Si/²⁹Si ratio is close to the solar ratio (²⁸Si/²⁹Si=20).²⁹Si appears to be underabundant in the MS staro ¹ Ori (²⁸Si/²⁹Si=40) and the M star 10 Dra (²⁸Si/²⁹Si53). The³⁰Si isotope appears to be underabundant by, perhaps, about a factor of 2 in all four stars.  相似文献   

Surface abundances of light elements for a large sample of early B-type stars – IV. The magnesium abundance in 52 stars – a test of metallicity     

L. S. Lyubimkov  S. I. Rostopchin  T. M. Rachkovskaya  D. B. Poklad  D. L. Lambert 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,358(1):193-201

From high-resolution spectra a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of the Mg  ii 4481.2-Å  feature is implemented for 52 early and medium local B stars on the main sequence (MS). The influence of the neighbouring line Al  iii 4479.9-Å  is considered. The magnesium abundance is determined; it is found that  log ɛ(Mg) = 7.67 ± 0.21  on average. It is shown that uncertainties in the microturbulent parameter V_t are the main source of errors in  log ɛ(Mg)  . When using 36 stars with the most reliable V_t values derived from O  ii and N  ii lines, we obtain the mean abundance  log ɛ(Mg) = 7.59 ± 0.15  . The latter value is precisely confirmed for several hot B stars from an analysis of the Mg  ii 7877-Å  weak line. The derived abundance  log ɛ(Mg) = 7.59 ± 0.15  is in excellent agreement with the solar magnesium abundance  log ɛ_⊙ (Mg) = 7.55 ± 0.02  , as well as with the proto-Sun abundance  log ɛ _ps (Mg) = 7.62 ± 0.02  . Thus, it is confirmed that the Sun and the B-type MS stars in our neighbourhood have the same metallicity.  相似文献   

Estimating coastal flood hazard of Tossa de Mar,Spain: a combined model – data interviews approach     

Hernandez-Mora  Marina  Meseguer-Ruiz  Oliver  Karas  Cyrus  Lambert  Fabrice 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(3):2153-2171

Natural Hazards - Human settlements in coastal areas are highly vulnerable to extreme events, especially in the Mediterranean area, which houses a large number of tourists during the summer and...  相似文献   

The energy cycle in atmospheric models     

G. J. Boer  S. Lambert 《Climate Dynamics》2008,30(4):371-390

The energy cycle characterizes basic aspects of the physical behaviour of the climate system. Terms in the energy cycle involve first and second order climate statistics (means, variances, covariances) and the intercomparison of energetic quantities offers physically motivated “second order” insight into model and system behaviour. The energy cycle components of 12 models participating in AMIP2 are calculated, intercompared and assessed against results based on NCEP and ERA reanalyses. In general, models simulate a modestly too vigorous energy cycle and the contributions to and reasons for this are investigated. The results suggest that excessive generation of zonal available potential energy is an important driver of the overactive energy cycle through “generation push” while excessive dissipation of eddy kinetic energy in models is implicated through “dissipation pull‘’. The study shows that “ensemble model” results are best or among the best in the comparison of energy cycle quantities with reanalysis-based values. Thus ensemble approaches are apparently “best” not only for the simulation of 1st order climate statistics as in Lambert and Boer (Clim Dyn 17:83–106, 2001) but also for the higher order climate quantities entering the energy cycle.  相似文献   

The role of the ocean in pleistocene climate changes     

Vakulenko  N. V.  Kotlyakov  V. M.  Lambert  F.  Sonechkin  D. M. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2010,432(1):659-662

Doklady Earth Sciences -  相似文献   

Correction of apparent position shifts caused by GNSS antenna changes     

Lambert Wanninger 《GPS Solutions》2009,13(2):133-139

Antenna changes at GNSS reference stations frequently produce discontinuities in the coordinate time series. These apparent position shifts are mainly caused by changes of carrier-phase multipath effects and different errors in the antenna phase center corrections. A monitoring method was developed and successfully tested, which requires additional GNSS observations from a local, temporary reference station. Changes of carrier-phase measurement errors due to the antenna change are determined and stored in L1 and L2 phase maps. These phase maps provide corrections to be applied either to the observation data obtained before the antenna change or to the observation data obtained after the antenna change. The observation corrections are able to remove coordinate discontinuities independent of the selected coordinate estimation algorithm.

Lambert WanningerEmail:

  相似文献   

Climatic and anthropogenic influence on the stable isotope record from bulk carbonates and ostracodes in Lake Neuchâ, Switzerland, during the last two millennia     

M.L. Filippi  P. Lambert  J. Hunziker  B. Kübler  S. Bernasconi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(1):19-34

Lake Neuchåtel is a medium sized, hard-water lake, lacking varved sediments, situated in the western Swiss Lowlands at the foot of the Jura Mountains. Stable isotope data (18O and 13C) from both bulk carbonate and ostracode calcite in an 81 cm long, radiocarbon-dated sediment core represent the last 1500 years of Lake Neuchåtel's environmental history. Comparison between this isotopic and other palaeolimnologic data (mineralogical, geochemical, palynological, etc.) helps to differentiate between anthropogenic and natural factors most recently affecting the lake. An increase in lacustrine productivity (450–650AD ca), inferred from the positive trend in 13C values of bulk carbonate, is related to medieval forest clearances and the associated nutrient budget changes. A negative trend in both the bulk carbonate and ostracode calcite 18O values between approximately 1300 and 1500AD, is tentatively interpreted as due to a cooling in mean air temperature at the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Negative trends in bulk carbonate 18O and 13C values through the uppermost sediments, which have no equivalent in ostracode calcite isotopic values, are concomitant with the recent onset of eutrophication in the lake. Isotopic disequilibrium during calcite precipitation, probably due to kinetic factors in periods of high productivity is postulated as the mechanism to explain the associated negative isotopic trends, although the effect of a shift of the calcite precipitation towards the warmer months cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

Relations in space and time between major Precambrian shield units: An interpretation of Western Australian data     

A.Y. Glikson  I.B. Lambert 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1973,20(3):395-403

  相似文献