Evaluation of aluminum speciation in surface waters in China and its environmental risk assessment     

S.?P.?BiEmail author  N.?Gan  X.?C.?Lu  H.?Y.?Ni  H.?Lin  X.?L.?Wang  Z.?B.?Wei 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(1):65-71

As the ongoing global research on acid precipitation is developing in depth, more and more attention has been paid to the ecological effects of aluminum (Al) due to its toxicity to plants and animals, which is caused by acid precipitation. As a very serious problem of terrestrial and aquatic environmental acidification occurs in China, especially in southwestern China, a systematic investigation of Al speciation in these regions is very important. In this paper, the Al speciation results of surface waters in China are reported and its ecological impacts is evaluated. More than 100 water samples were collected from about twenty provinces of China. Driscoll's Al speciation scheme combined with the modified MINQEL computer model is used for speciation of Al. This study shows that the ecological impacts of acidification are quite different between China and Western countries, because of different geographical environments and geological settings. In Western countries, acidification is mainly caused by NO₂^-. Due to low concentrations of K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, the buffer capacities of soil and water are weak. Therefore, natural waters can be acidified to pH<5 very easily, resulting in a considerable mobilization of Al and worsening of the ecological environment. In China, acid precipitation is mainly in the form of sulfuric acid. In northwestern China, concentrations of K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ are high in soil and surface waters. This leads to much higher capacity and a high resistance ability to acidification. The pH values of waters in this region are high (around 7) and no serious Al toxicity is found at present. However, in northeastern and southeastern China, the soil is rich in Al (unsaturated aluminosilicates in northeastern China, saturated aluminosilicates in north and central China, aluminum-rich soil in southeastern and southwestern China). The concentrations of K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in soil and waters are lower than those of northwestern China. Therefore the buffer capacity is limited. Numerous surface waters have already been acidified and pH values declined to 5. The impacts of Al toxicity on ecological systems in these regions are very serious, especially in Jiangxi, Hubei Provinces and Chongqing Municipality.  相似文献   

科学大洋钻探中的新技术     

孙连浦  周祖翼 《地球科学进展》2003,18(5):789-794

大洋钻探诸多科学目标的实现与包括钻探、取芯、测试和海底观测技术在内的各种新技术的开发和革新密不可分。即将开展的IODP计划,将对各种技术提出新的要求。在钻探技术上,将联合使用多平台,以实现区域更广深度更大的钻探作业;在取芯技术上,取样范围更广,从各种岩石取样到地下流体的取样,并要求样品保持原始状态,同时确保获得更高的岩芯采收率;在测试上,要求采用随钻测试技术,以适时地获得地下真实信息;在观测技术上,要求开发各种工具,去除由于钻探造成的扰动,使得各种观测仪器能够进行长期的跟踪观测。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal trend of sewage pollution indicated by coprostanol in Macao Estuary,southern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peng X  Zhang G  Mai B  Min Y  Wang Z 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):295-299

Bottom sediments and a ²¹⁰Pb dated sedimentary core in Macao Estuary were quantitatively analyzed with GC-MS for coprostanol and other sterols. Higher coprostanol concentrations were detected at Port Interior and Lower Qianshan River, indicative of serious sewage pollution from densely populated Macao Island and Zhuhai City. However, very low concentrations of coprostanol were detected around Coloane Island as well as Port Exterior and Maliuzhou River except sites adjacent sewage outlets. Coprostanol pollution in Macao Estuary originates mainly from locally direct discharge of untreated wastewater. The concentrations of coprostanol in ZJ-9 were mainly in range of 150–280 ng/g with an average of 210 ng/g for more than 20 years from early 1970s to early 1990s. However, it increased obviously since 1993, and reached the highest in 1995–1996. However, a sharp decrease of coprostanol concentration from 470 to 31 ng/g after 1996 was observed corresponding to the first wastewater treatment plant in Taipa Island going into action.  相似文献   

ON BROADENING MECHANISMS OF THE Ca  XIX RESONANCE LINE IN SOLAR FLARES     

W.Q. Gan  Y.P. Li 《Solar physics》2002,205(1):117-121

There are two explanations for the broadening mechanisms of the Caxix resonance line in the rising phase of a solar flare. One is due to the velocity dispersion of the chromospheric evaporation along the loop; the other is due to the non-thermal turbulence resulting from the flare energy release. In this paper we distinguish between these two possibilities by studying the influence of the loop orientation on the broadening of the Caxix resonance line, based on the data observed with SXT and BCS on Yohkoh. The results seem to support that the broadening of the Caxix resonance line is caused by non-thermal turbulence, rather than by the velocity dispersion.  相似文献   

嘉陵江流域水保治理前后沿程水沙变化研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

马炼  张明波  郭海晋  沈燕舟 《水文》2002,22(1):27-31

嘉陵江为长江上游重要支流,是长江三峡水库重要的洪水和泥沙来源地。20世纪50年代初至80年代末,多年平均径流量701亿m3,多年平均悬移质输沙量近1.4亿t;“长治”工程的实施,对控制流域水土流失起到了较为明显的积极作用。以流域内主要控制站大量的实测水文气象资料为依据,重点研究了全流域水保治理前后的水沙变化情况及规律。  相似文献   

A modified ISBA surface scheme for modeling the hydrology of Athabasca River Basin with GCM-scale data     

Ernst Kerkhoven  Thian Yew Gan 《Advances in water resources》2006

A soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model (SVAT), interactions between the soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) of Météo France, is modified and applied to the Athabasca River Basin (ARB) to model its water and energy fluxes. Two meteorological datasets are used: the archived forecasts from the Meteorological Survey of Canada’s Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) and the European Centre for Mid-range Weather Forecasts global re-analysis (ERA-40), representing spatial scales typical of a weather forecasting model and a global circulation model (GCM), respectively. The original treatment of soil moisture and rainfall in ISBA (OISBA) is modified to statistically account for sub-grid heterogeneity of soil moisture and rainfall to produce new, highly non-linear formulations for surface and sub-surface runoff (MISBA). These new formulations can be readily applied to most existing SVATs. Stand alone mode simulations using the GEM data demonstrate that MISBA significantly improves streamflow predictions despite requiring two fewer parameters than OISBA. Simulations using the ERA-40 data show that it is possible to reproduce the annual variation in monthly, mean annual, and annual minimum flows at GCM scales without using downscaling techniques. Finally, simulations using a simple downscaling scheme show that the better performance of higher resolution datasets can be primarily attributed to improved representation of local variation of land cover, topography, and climate.  相似文献   

汛期西南低涡移向频数的年际变化与降水   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

段炼 《气象》2006,32(2):23-27

利用1960～1999年汛期西南低涡不同移向的数据资料与同期移向相对应站点的降水量进行同步相关分析和检验，并将通过显著水平a=0．05检验的两组资料用墨西哥帽子波进行分析。结果显示：这40年汛期中出现的西南低涡，在原地生消的占总数的一半以上，而能够继续移动发展的西南低涡以偏东路径为主；东北路径的西南低涡与该方向上太原、石家庄降水的相关比较好，偏东路径与汉口降水相关较好，移动总和与内江降水相关较好；从小波分析结果发现东北、偏东路径低涡出现次数与对应站点降水，在10年以上的时间尺度上它们的分布周期存在良好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Application of joint elastic impedance inversion in the GD Oilfield     

Dai Xiaofeng Gan Lideng Du Wenhui Wang Ping 《应用地球物理》2006,3(1):37-41

  相似文献   

三峡地区寒武纪一三叠纪古海水Sm／Nd变化特征：来自牙形石的证据     

周炼陈孝红  李志宏刘勇胜 张利 《地球科学》2006,31(1):136-142

牙形石作为划分地层的标准化石，具有确切的地层层位和较高的REE含量，并不容易受成岩作用的影响，因此作为研究古海水演化的指示剂引起人们的广泛关注．利用同位素稀释法对扬子克拉通三峡地区寒武纪一三叠纪海相碳酸盐岩中代表古海水化学组成牙形石的Sm／Nd比值进行测定，Sm／Nd比值在0．108-0．348之间，有较大的变化范围．建立Sm／Nd比值随时间的演化曲线，并结合已有沉积地层学和沉积地球化学的成果进行研究，结果表明，古海水Sm／Nd比值变化与海平面升降、古陆块的隆起有明显对应关系，同时，区域性构造运动，如海底地壳拉张产生的幔源组分和地幔柱活动也会影响古海水的Sm／Nd比值．因此，古海水的Sm／Nd比值对海平面的升降、古大陆的风化作用和区域构造事件有指示意义．  相似文献   

地基GPS水汽资料在石家庄一次暴雨过程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李国翠  李国平  连志鸾  仝美然  岳艳霞 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(3):50-53

利用石家庄市地基GPS可降水量和逐时高时间分辨率地面气象资料,对2006年8月14日发生在石家庄地区的一次暴雨天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:此次暴雨发生前高能高湿,可降水量有一个缓慢积累过程;暴雨期间可降水量达最大,且可降水量极大值出现时间与降水强度吻合;降水结束后可降水量迅速下降.  相似文献