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51.
石榴子石是冀东地区沉积变质铁矿中常见的变质矿物之一。本文采集迁安-滦县地区代表性铁矿中含有石榴子石的岩石样品,对其石榴子石进行电子探针和X-射线粉晶衍射分析,得出司马地区为角闪岩相,杏山-黄柏峪一带为角闪岩-麻粒岩相,水厂-大石河地区为麻粒岩相,这与前人对迁滦地区用主要矿物共生组合等来研究变质相的结论相一致;同时迁滦地区沉积变质铁矿中石榴子石的端元组分和晶胞参数a0随变质程度的增加呈规律性变化: 司马地区的铁铝榴石+钙铝榴石→杏山-黄柏峪一带的铁铝榴石→水厂-大石河一带铁铝榴石+镁铝榴石,其晶胞参数a0值逐渐减小。因此在沉积变质型铁矿床中,变质矿物石榴子石的化学成分及晶胞参数特征对不同地区的变质程度具有示踪意义。 相似文献
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Much attention should be paid to a large FPSO moored permanently in an oil field with water depth of only about 20 m, since shallow water effects on the hydrodynamics may bring about collision and damage. A 160kDWT FPSO with a permanent soft yoke mooring system is investigated with various shallow water depths and focuses are the low frequency surge motion and mooring load. Computation for the FPSO system is made based on linear 3-D potential fluid theory and time-domain numerical simulation method. Corresponding model test is carried out in the ocean engineering basin of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. It is shown that, in the surge natural period, low frequency surge motion and mooring force increase remarkably with the decrease of water depth. Especially, the smaller the ratio of water depth and draught is, the quicker the increase is. The shallow water effects should be taken into account carefully for determining the design load of a single point mooring system. 相似文献
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In this paper,an inner turret moored FPSO which works in the water of 320 m depth,is selected to study the so-called "passively-truncated numerical-simulation" type of hybrid model testing technique while the truncated water depth is 160 m and the model scale λ=80.During the investigation,the optimization design of the equivalent-depth truncated system is performed by using the similarity of the static characteristics between the truncated system and the full depth one as the objective function.According to the truncated system,the corresponding physical test model is made.By adopting the coupling time domain simulation method,the truncated system model test is numerically reconstructed to carefully verify the computer simulation software and to adjust the corresponding hydrodynamic parameters.Based on the above work,the numerical extrapolation to the full depth system is performed by using the verified computer software and the adjusted hydrodynamic parameters.The full depth system model test is then performed in the basin and the results are compared with those from the numerical extrapolation.At last,the implementation procedure and the key technique of the hybrid model testing of the deep-sea platforms are summarized and printed.Through the above investigations,some beneficial conclusions are presented. 相似文献
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冀东杏山沉积变质型铁矿床富铁矿成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文在野外勘查和岩(矿)相学基础上,对杏山铁矿块状富矿和条带状普通矿石进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素等系统研究。杏山铁矿石主要由磁铁矿和石英组成,其中块状富铁矿石相较于条带状普通矿石含有较多的镁铁质矿物,另外块状富矿(XS-60)手标本可见绿泥石化,但镜下蚀变程度较弱,其富矿成因与后期热液蚀变相关度不高;条带状贫矿(XS-10)遭受较强的后期热液蚀变,有一定程度的铁质富集,但仅限于富铁条带,富硅条带未蚀变。矿石中低Al2O3+Na2O含量和Zr、Sc、Th、Hf等含量特征表明杏山铁矿在沉积过程中很少有陆源碎屑加入。微量元素和稀土元素配分模式表明条带状普通矿石和块状富铁矿有共同的成矿物质来源,富铁矿和贫矿都是在缺氧环境下,通过海底热液与海水混合后同沉积形成的,而后期褶皱变形作用使贫矿层加厚的同时,也使富铁层加厚。 相似文献
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本次研究分析了典型氟化学工业园区周边不同植物及其根际和非根际土壤中全氟羧酸(perfluorinated carboxylic acid,PFCA)的含量、组成及分布特征.结果显示,PFCA在根际土壤和非根际土壤的浓度范围分别为9.6～160 ng/g和7.2～300 ng/g.根际土壤(rhizospheric soil,RS)和非根际土壤(non-rhizopsheric soil,NRS)中PFCA的浓度比值(cratio=cRS/cNRS)显示,PFCA并未呈现出根际富集效应.PFCA在植物地上部和根部的浓度范围分别为6.0～630 ng/g和6.1～570 ng/g.全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)是土壤和植物组织中最主要的全氟羧酸化合物,其浓度在根际土、非根际土、植物根部和地上部分别占总PFCA的(53±18)％、(51±22)％、(80±6.7)％和(34±18)％.短链(C4～C8)的PFCA,包括全氟丁酸(perfluorobutyric acid,PFBA)、全氟戊酸(perfluoropentanoic acid,PFPeA)、全氟己酸(perfluorohexanoic acid,PFHxA)、全氟庚酸(perfluoroheptanoic acid,PFHpA)和PFOA,在植物地上部中的浓度及检出率均高于长链(C9～C16)的PFCA,说明短链PFCA比长链PFCA更容易在植物组织中富集.植物PFCA组成特征显示,PFBA和PFHxA在植物地上部所占的比例高于根部,说明PFBA和PFHxA等碳链较短的PFCA可能更容易被植物根系吸收并转移至植物地上部;然而PFOA在植物地上部的百分含量低于植物根部,说明PFOA可能趋向于吸附在植物根系表皮而难以往植物地上部迁移.根部到地上部的转运系数与PFCA的碳链长度呈显著负相关关系. 相似文献
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离子交换过程中锂同位素分馏对锂同位素测试准确度的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
锂同位素被广泛应用于地球与行星科学各个领域,准确测定锂同位素比值是示踪各种自然过程的前提,但目前国际实验室报道的锂同位素标准物质测定值存在较大偏差,例如已报道的海水δ7Li测试值相差5‰。针对这一现状,本文基于离子交换理论基础,使用正态分布函数拟合淋出曲线,通过理论计算得到离子交换纯化过程造成的锂同位素分馏的理论值,该数值与MC-ICP-MS检测无关,但对锂同位素测试准确度有直接的影响。在此基础上,定义相对回收率(Rc)用于监测锂同位素分馏。基于本实验室分离纯化流程,通过理论计算得出,当Rc 99. 8%时,可认为离子交换纯化过程中没有引起可观察到的锂同位素分馏,进而不影响MC-ICP-MS检测准确度。目前世界上各实验室主要通过绝对回收率或Rc来判断分离过程中是否发生同位素分馏。由于测试的空间电荷效应,绝对回收率易被高估,而 99%的Rc并未全部达到理论计算得到的Rc,表明各实验室对同种标准物质测试结果的偏差极可能是由于离子交换纯化过程中锂同位素分馏导致的。本文提出,对于每一样品,只需要分别测量离子交换过程中接收区间及其前后一定区间溶液中锂含量,将得到的Rc值与其理论值比较,即可判断分离纯化过程中是否引起可观察到的锂同位素分馏。 相似文献
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《大统通占》是明初钦天监编纂的占书,其中保存了一些明初恒星观测数据.试图以此重新考察明初的恒星观测情况.首先,分析了该书的成书年代,指出其应完成于永乐四年至二十三年之间.然后,以依巴谷星表(2007)为标准,对该书记载恒星数据的赤纬误差进行傅里叶分析,发现这些数据应观测于洪武年间,且其精度达到明末以前星表的最高水平.另外,梳理了明初钦天监观测恒星的条件,认为其观测水平的提高与郭守敬对仪器的改进措施密切相关.最后,对这份精密星表的研究也进一步揭示了古代星官发生的历史变化. 相似文献
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HAN Long-fei ZENG Jing YUAN Zhao-de SHAO Yan-xiu WANG Wei YAO Wen-qian WANG Peng LIANG Ou-bo XU Xin-yue 《地震地质》2019,41(2):251-265
Range-front alluvial fan deposition in arid and semiarid environments records vast amounts of climatic and tectonic information. Differentiating and characterizing alluvial fan morphology is an important part in Quaternary alluvial fan research. Traditional method such as field observations is a most important part of deciphering and mapping the alluvial fan. Large-scale automatically mapping of alluvial fan stratigraphy before traditional field observations could provide guidance for mapping alluvial fan morphology, thus improving subsequent field work efficiency. In this research, high-resolution topographic data were used to quantify relief and roughness of alluvial fan within the Laohushan. These data suggest that mean surface roughness plotted against the size of the moving window is characterized by an initial increase in surface roughness with increased window size, but it shows no longer increase as a function of windows size. These data also suggest that alluvial fans in this study site smooth out with time until a threshold is crossed where roughness increases at greater wavelength with age as a result of surface runoff and headward tributary incision into the oldest surfaces which suggests the evolution process of alluvial fan.
Researchers usually differentiate alluvial morphology by mapping characteristics of fan surface in the field by describing surface clast size, rock varnish accumulation, and desert pavement development and analysis of aerial photographs or satellite imagery. Recently, the emergence of high-resolution topographic data has renewed interest in the quantitative characterization of alluvial and colluvium landforms. Surface morphology that fan surface initially tends to become smoother with increasing age due to the formation of desert pavement and the degradation of bar-and-swale topography and subsequently, landforms become more dissected due to tectonics and climatic change induced increased erosion and channelization of the surface with time is widely used to distinguish alluvial fan types. Those characteristics would reflect various kinds of morphology metrics extracted from high-resolution topographic data. In the arid and semiarid regions of northwestern China, plenty of alluvial fans are preserved completely for lack of artificial reforming, and there exists sparse surface vegetation. In the meantime, range-front alluvial fan displaced by a number of active faults formed a series of dislocated landforms with different offsets which is a major reference mark in fault activity research. In this research, six map units(Qf6-Qf1), youngest to oldest, were observed in the study area by mapping performed by identifying geomorphic features in the field that are spatially discernible using hill-shade and digital orthophoto map. Alluvial fan relief and roughness were computed across multiple observation scales(2m×2m to 100m×100m)based on the topographic parameters of altitude difference and standard deviation of slope, curvature and aspect.
In this research, mean relief keeps increasing with increased window size while mean surface roughness is characterized by a rapid increase over wavelengths of 6~15m, representing the typical length scale of bar-and-swale topography. At longer wavelengths, surface roughness values increase by only minor amounts, suggesting the topographic saturation length is 6~15m for those fan surfaces in which saturation length of standard deviation of curvature is less than 8m. Box and whisker plot of surface roughness averaged over 8m2 for each alluvial fan unit in the study area suggests that the pattern of surfaces smoothing out with age and then starting to become rougher again as age increases further beyond Qf4 or Qf3 unit. The younger alluvial fan is characterized by prominent bar-and-swale while the older alluvial fan is characterized by tributaries headward incision. Cumulative frequency distributions of relief and surface roughness in Figure 8 are determined in an 8m by 8m moving window for the comparison of six alluvial fan units in the northeast piedmont of Laohushan. From these distributions we know that Qf6 and Qf1 reflect the prominent relief which is related to bar-and-swale and tributaries headward incision respectively, while Qf4 and Qf3 reflect the moderate relief which is related to subdued topography.
Surface roughness, in addition to facilitating the characterization of individual fan units, lends insight to alluvial landform development. We summarize an alluvial landform evolutionary scheme which evolves four stages depending on characteristics of alluvial fan morphology development and features of relief and roughness. The initial stage in this study site is defined as the active alluvial fan channels with bars of coarse cobbles and boulders and swales consisting of finer-grained pebbles and sand which could be reflected by high mean relief and mean roughness values. As time goes, bar-and-swale topography is still present, but an immature pavement, composed of finer grained clasts, has started to form. In the third stage, the bar-and-swale topography on the fan surface is subdued, yet still observable, with clasts ranging from pebbles to cobbles in size and there exists obvious headward tributary incision. Eventually, tributary channels form from erosion by surface runoff. Headward incision of these tributaries wears down the steep walls of channels that are incised through the stable, planar surface, transforming the oldest alluvial landforms into convex hillslopes, leaving only small remnants of the planar surface intact. Those evolutionary character suggests that alluvial fans in this area smooth out with time, however, relief or roughness would be translated to increase at greater wavelength with age until a threshold is crossed.
This research suggests that relief and roughness calculated from high-resolution topographic data of this study site could reflect alluvial fan morphology development and provide constraint data to differentiate alluvial fan unit. 相似文献
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The existence of the heaving plates can improve the heaving motion performance of an offshore structure significantly by providing both extra added mass and damping. In the current research, numerical investigation is carried out on the hydrodynamic characteristics of both isolated square heaving plate and double square heaving plates with opening by an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. The effects on hydrodynamic performance of plates due to Keulegan-Carpenter(KC) number, frequency number, opening ratio, opening distribution and spacing of plates are examined. It is found that the heaving plates with optimized opening ratio can provide additional damping compared with the plates without opening. Better hydrodynamic characteristics of double plates can be obtained with the increase of plate spacing. 相似文献