The Role of Local Knowledge in the Risk Management of Extreme Climates in Local Communities: A Case Study in a Nomadic NIAHS Site     

WANG Guoping  YANG Lun  LIU Moucheng  LI Zhidong  HE Siyuan  MIN Qingwen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):532-542

In the context of climate change, research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation. Local communities, which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life, have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management. Therefore, this research aims to link Local knowledge (LK) to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model. It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework. The main research objectives of this study are: (1) To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events, risk management, LK, and farmers' adaptation strategies; (2) To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component; (3) To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation, and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation. The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management, local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK, because as a knowledge system, LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.  相似文献   

The Significance of Traditional Culture for Agricultural Biodiversity—Experiences from GIAHS     

MA Nan  YANG Lun  MIN Qingwen  BAI Keyu  LI Wenhua 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):453-461

Agricultural biodiversity has a high importance in social-cultural, economic, and environmental aspects, and can help in adapting to and withstanding climate change. Conserving the GIAHS sites and the important components within them can help conserve the agricultural biodiversity and traditional agricultural culture of the whole country. This study considered Ifugao Rice Terraces, Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System, and Hani Rice Terraces System as three examples which show that traditional culture can be used to protect agricultural biodiversity, while as a carrier of traditional culture, agricultural biodiversity also conveys and protects the traditional culture of the nation. According to the analyses, through several years of efforts, the status of agricultural biodiversity and traditional culture in them has improved. Then, to further promote agricultural biodiversity conservation and traditional culture protection, several suggestions are made, such as establishing community seed banks; documenting and preserving traditional farming methods, techniques, and tools and developing participatory activities which encourage more farmers to participate in the protection work.  相似文献   

The Role of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in the Construction of China’s National Park System and the Optimisation of the Protected Area System     

HE Siyuan  DING Lubin  MIN Qingwen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):444-452

Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives. Understanding the role of agriculture, which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rural China, is critical for managing conservation networks considering that limited spatial areas are available for enclosed protected areas. Important Agricultural Heritage Systems stand out for their multi-functionality, and some of their values are compatible with nature conservation. This paper examined the concept, management objectives and resource management characteristics of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) by analysing their interactions with national parks in terms of community development. The results reveal that management strategies of dynamic conservation, integrated protection and adaptive management of the IAHS can contribute to those national park management objectives concerning conservation-compatible livelihood. However, the typology of the protected area system, including the traditional agricultural system as a new type, needs further consideration.  相似文献   

Resident Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Resources and Associated Factors in Sanjiangyuan National Park,China     

MA Ting  MIN Qingwen  XU Kun  SANG Weiguo 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(5):693-706

Willingness to Pay (WTP), Willingness to Work (WTW) and Willingness to Accept Compensation (WTA) are the three quantitative criteria for assessing local ecological asset values for the social aspects of ecosystem services and residents’ willingness to contribute to and receive compensation for tourism ecology. The objectives of this study are to estimate the residents’ willingness to pay, work and accept compensation for conservation at Sanjiangyuan National Park, and to analyze the relationship between residents’ attitude towards tourism ecology and the ecological assets of the National Park based on a standard questionnaire survey. The dichotomous choice Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was employed to determine the willingness. The survey conducted in 2018 collected WTP, WTW, WTA, socio-demFographical information, social trust and resident perceptions toward tourism impacts and relevant management strategies from 244 residents in two counties. Based on generalized linear modeling, income and education level are important for residents’ WTP and WTA, but other social characteristics, such as gender and age, do not have significant effects. The social trust is found to be a significant factor on residents’ willingness, despite the limitation on education level. Also, government funding is associated with residents’ inclination to WTP, WTW and WTA, but the support levels differ among the two counties due to geographical and social heterogeneities. The estimated WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park in 2018 were 1.2448×10 ⁷ yuan, 1.247×10 ⁶ hours and 2.3232×10 ⁷ yuan yr ^-1 based on the survey and published demographics. This study, for the first time, estimates the WTP, WTW and WTA for the Sanjiangyuan National Park and informs ecological conservation managers and policy makers. Ultimately, to maintain the long-term benefits arising from sustainable development, compensation should be specifically tailored and site-dependent, and development measures based on local resources should be adopted by governments to actively support eco-tourism activities.  相似文献   

基于分布式感知深度神经网络的高分辨率PM2.5值估算     

刘基伟  闵素芹  金梦迪 《地理学报》2021,76(1):191-205

细颗粒物（PM_2.5）个体暴露水平是健康效应研究中的关键问题,然而历史数据缺失和地面监测点覆盖范围小阻碍了相关研究。基于美国国家航空航天局遥感数据提供的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）,融合地面监测、气象等多源数据进行建模来估算近地面PM_2.5浓度,所得结果的空间覆盖范围广、时间连续性强、方法成本低。本文基于2018年京津冀鲁地区,引入气象、NDVI、时间节点、空间标识等50个特征分析AOD-PM_2.5关系。鉴于传统插补方法单一所造成的信息损失,运用时空多视图插补方法来提高插补的精度和广度。考虑到特征的滞后作用、特征间相关性与偏相关性所导致的复杂关系,运用分布式感知深度神经网络模型来分别捕捉多源特征间的高阶特性。结果表明：① 时空多视图插补方法的相对误差为27.5%,数据平均缺失52.1%降至4.84%。② 分布式感知深度神经网络模型在时间预测上平均绝对误差、相对误差、均方误差、均方根误差分别为17.7 μg/m ³、46.8%、766.2 μg ²/m ⁶、26.9 μg/m ³,空间上,为16.6 μg/m ³、41.8%、691.5 μg ²/m ⁶、26.6 μg/m ³,从精度、稳健性、泛化能力和耗时方面综合来看,结果优于线性统计模型和常见深度学习架构。  相似文献   

一种基于隐藏位置寻优的信息隐藏算法     

闵连权 《测绘科学》2008,33(3):54-56

提出一种以24位真彩色图像作为载体的信息隐藏技术。首先对载体图像进行颜色空间转换,把秘密信息嵌入在亮度分量的不重要位上,同时利用禁忌搜索算法在可替换空间寻找最优隐藏策略以实现较好的不可感知性。仿真实验表明,算法具有较好的隐藏效果,是一个有效的、实用的信息隐藏算法。  相似文献   

滇西纵向岭谷区河谷形态特征、发育规律及成因     

闵石头  王随继 《山地学报》2007,25(5):524-533

为了揭示滇西纵向岭谷区河谷形态特征及其发育规律,采用1∶5万DEM图件,利用ARCG IS软件提取研究区41个河谷断面的有关基础数据,据此计算了河谷横断面的宽深比、半高宽深比、断面面积、凹度、不对称系数及河谷纵剖面特征的指标。结果表明,纵向岭谷区北部河谷横断面的宽深比很小,其宽深比在4~16间,但沿流向往南有明显增大的趋势,最大达到24。这是由于北部的构造抬升作用强从而引起该区更强列的河流下蚀作用的结果。河谷横断面的凹度显示大多数河谷属于"V"型谷,表明研究区的河流仍然以下切过程为主。谷宽不对称系数及谷面不对称系数揭示了研究区河谷横断面主要是左倾型河谷,即河谷断面上河道左部谷坡较缓,这是强势西南季风在河流左岸迎风坡形成强降水带和在河流右岸背风坡形成弱降水带的雨水差异侵蚀引起的。河谷纵剖面具有明显的下凹特性,凹度在1.40~1.65间。河道比降具有沿程变小的趋势,并遵循指数衰减关系,平均比降在1.22‰~1.85‰间。在纵向岭谷区北部,响应构造抬升作用的西强东弱的现状,河流主河道的比降具有从西向东变小的趋势。  相似文献   

利用地震矩和实时概率模型对中长期地震危险性进行评价——以东昆仑和阿尔金断裂为例     

许洪泰  闵伟 《地震研究》2007,30(2):120-126

运用地震矩和实时概率模型,分别对东昆仑断裂带和阿尔金断裂带上的几个断裂段进行了地震危险性评估,得到的概率数据都属于小概率事件范围,说明未来100年内,这两个断裂带各段上发生与其历史上大小相当的地震的可能性很小。  相似文献   

陆面温度反演算法——劈窗算法的敏感度分析   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

张霞  朱启疆  闵祥军 《遥感学报》2000,4(1):8-13

劈窗算法是目前由热红外遥感图像数据获取陆面温度最主要的方法。由于进行地面像元尺度实时陆面温度同步测量的困难,尚无法直接对现有各劈窗算法进行评判。该文借助于辐射传输模型ＬＯＷＴＲＡＮ－７及其提供的６种标准大气模式,进行模拟计算,分析了６种主要劈窗算法对大气廓线误差和比辐射率的敏感度,作为劈窗算法适用性的一间接判据。  相似文献   

珠江澳门河口沉积物柱样品正构烷烃研究   总被引：31，自引：6，他引：25  

康跃惠  盛国英  傅家谟  麦碧娴  张干  林峥  闵育顺 《地球化学》2000,29(3):302-310

报道了珠江澳门河口沉积物柱芯榈中正构烷烃的浓度和分布类型,并通过因子分析方法对正构烷烃的来源加以初步探讨。沉积物柱芯样品于１９９７年３月采自珠江澳门河口区,沉积年龄以＾２１０Ｐｂ法稳恒初始放射性模式（ＣＡ模式）测定。样品中的有机污染物以二氯甲烷／丙酮混合溶剂索氏提取后,正构烷烃组分以ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ定量分析测定。研究结果表明,该现代沉积物桩芯样品沉积时间约历时４０ａ,桩芯样品中正构烷烃的含量范围为０．  相似文献