A multidisciplinary multi-scale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Marc J. Metzger  Rik Leemans  Dagmar Schrter 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):253-267

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of vital services for people and society, such as food, fibre, water resources, carbon sequestration, and recreation. The future capability of ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in socio-economic factors, land use, atmospheric composition, and climate. Most impact assessments do not quantify the vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services under such environmental change. They cannot answer important policy-relevant questions such as 'Which are the main regions or sectors that are most vulnerable to global change?’ 'How do the vulnerabilities of two regions compare?’ 'Which scenario is the least harmful for a sector?’This paper describes a new approach to vulnerability assessment developed by the Advanced Terrestrial Ecosystem Analysis and Modelling (ATEAM) project. Different ecosystem models, covering biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, and carbon sequestration are fed with the same Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Each model gives insights into specific ecosystems, as in traditional impact assessments. Moreover, by integrating the results in a vulnerability assessment, the policy-relevant questions listed above can also be addressed. A statistically derived European environmental stratification forms a key element in the vulnerability assessment. By linking it to other quantitative environmental stratifications, comparisons can be made using data from different assessments and spatial scales.  相似文献   

Determination of Area-Averaged Water Vapour Fluxes with Large Aperture and Radio Wave Scintillometers over a Heterogeneous Surface – Flevoland Field Experiment     

W. M. L. Meijninger  A. E. Green  O. K. Hartogensis  W. Kohsiek  J. C. B. Hoedjes  R. M. Zuurbier  H. A. R. De Bruin 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,105(1):63-83

A large aperture scintillometer (LAS) andradio wave scintillometer (RWS)were installed over a heterogeneous areato test the applicability of the scintillation method.The heterogeneity in the area, whichconsisted of many plots, was mainly caused bydifferences in thermal properties ofthe crops; the variations in theaerodynamic roughness lengthwere small. The water vapour fluxesderived from the combined LAS-RWSsystem, also known as the two-wavelengthmethod, agreed fairly well with the aggregatedwater vapour fluxes derived from in-situeddy covariance measurements. The water vapourfluxes derived from a stand-alone LASare also presented. It was found that a single LASand an estimate of the area averagedavailable energy (using a simple parameterisationscheme) can provide also reasonablearea-averaged water vapour fluxes.  相似文献   

A Note On Surface Humidity Measurements In The Cold Canadian Environment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stephen J. Déry  Marc Stieglitz 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,102(3):491-497

In the cold Canadian environment, humidity measurements can be verydifficult to conduct. In this brief communication, humidity observationstaken by two different sensors at six remote Canadian Arctic locations arecompared. The observations collected by Vaisala HMP35CF sensors displaya strong tendency toward the ice saturation point whereas dew cell instrumentsexhibit significantly lower values of relative humidity with respect to ice (RH_i).Humidity data collected by HMP35CF hygrometers are therefore unreliable sincethey are subject to persistent icing that lead them to record values of RH_i near 100%, irrespective of the air temperature. The high humidity bias emerges atmeteorological stations mounted with the HMP35CF probes since these instrumentsare usually neither sheltered nor heated, and are not attended to at regular intervals. Thus, great care must be taken in utilizing humidity data recorded by HMP35CF sensors across the network of climate autostations in Canada.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯古生界流体包裹体特征及其与油气演化关系   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

刘德良  谈迎  孙先如  李振生  方国庆  陶士振 《沉积学报》2002,20(4):695-704

对鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩、石炭-二叠系石英砂岩成岩作用研究的基础上,分别对上述岩石流体包裹体作了初步研究。奥陶系碳酸盐岩包裹体均一温度具有三个区段 :6 0～ 10 0℃,10 0～ 16 0℃,16 0～ 2 2 0℃;石炭-二叠系石英砂岩包裹体均一温度三个区段为 90～ 110℃,12 0～ 14 0℃,16 0～ 2 2 0℃。并利用包裹体测温资料结合已有的镜质体反射率、磷灰石裂变径迹等研究成果,对流体包裹体在鄂尔多斯盆地油气田形成、演化中应用作了初步探讨。  相似文献   

琼西抱板群变质沉积岩地球化学研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

许德如  梁新权  唐红峰 《地球化学》2002,31(2):153-160

琼西中元古代抱板群变质沉积岩可分为白云母石英片岩组和石英二云母片岩组，其原岩为砂岩质泥质沉积岩夹火山物质。白云母石英片岩组和石英二云母片岩组在地球化学成分上的差异是原始沉积化学分异作用的结果。对主元素、微量元素（含稀土元素）及Sm-Nd同位素的综合研究表明，海南岛存在古元古代或更早的古老基底，抱板群变质沉积岩一部分来源于成熟度较低的古老地壳物质，另一部分来源于含地幔火山物质较多的初生地壳，或与研究区大规模造山运动、构造－岩浆活动所伴生的地幔物质加入有关。初步研究显示，琼西抱板群变质沉积岩可能是造山带岛弧和活动大陆边缘区（扩张弧后或弧间盆地）大地构造环境下的沉积产物。  相似文献   

华北地层大区寒武纪早期地层统一划分与对比问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘德正 《安徽地质》2002,12(1):1-24

基于华北地层大区数百条寒武纪早期地层剖面与安徽淮南地区基准层序(2组2亚组15段1个亚段)和带序(6个三叶虫带)的确切对比,编制了新的沉积分区图;依据有无猴家山组和馒头组下亚组是否完整,划分出5个沉积区;讨论了各区与基准层序-带序的对比;明确了各地方性岩石地层单位(五山组、李官组、碱厂组、辛集组、朱砂洞组、苏峪口组、五道淌组、昌平组、府君山组、老庄户组、水洞组、黑沟组等)的层位归属(具体至段),确认与寒武纪早期地层有关的3个沉积间断(皖北上升、豫陕上升和燕辽上升),归属于重新厘定的蓟县运动的3个期次.  相似文献   

裂隙型单斜介质中弹性系数的计算及波的传播特性研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

王德利  何樵登 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2002,32(2):181-186

根据Hudson等关于裂隙介质弹性系数计算的扰动理论及Bond变换矩阵原理，给出了各向同性介质中含多组垂直裂隙时等效弹性系数的计算方法。计算了含两组斜交的垂直裂隙形成的单斜各向异性介质中的等效弹性系数，并根据Christoffel方程推导、得出水平面内平面波传播的相速度和群速度随方位变化的特性。  相似文献   

Modelling of Tsunami Propagation in the Vicinity of the French Coast of the Mediterranean   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pelinovsky  Efim  Kharif  Christian  Riabov  Igor  Francius  Marc 《Natural Hazards》2002,25(2):135-159

The problem of tsunami-risk for the French coast of the Mediterraneanis discussed. Historical data of tsunami manifestation on the French coast are described and analysed.Numerical simulation of potential tsunamis in the Ligurian Sea is done and the tsunami wave heightdistribution along the French coast is calculated. For the earthquake magnitude 6.8 (typical value forMediterranean) the tsunami phenomenon has a very local character. It is shown that the tsunami tide-gaugerecords in the vicinity of Cannes–Imperia present irregularoscillations with characteristic periodof 20–30 min and total duration of 10–20h.Tsunami propagating from the Ligurian sea to the west coastof France have significantly lesser amplitudes and they are more low-frequency (period of 40–50min).The effect of far tsunamis generated in the southern Italy and Algerian coast is studied also, thedistribution of the amplitudes along the French coast for far tsunamis is more uniform.  相似文献   

Denudation and cooling of the Lake Teletskoye Region in the Altai Mountains (South Siberia) as revealed by apatite fission-track thermochronology     

Johan De Grave  Peter Van den haute 《Tectonophysics》2002,349(1-4)

Lake Teletskoye occupies a narrow graben located in the northwestern sector of the Altai fold belt in South Siberia. The lake basin is thought to have formed during the Pleistocene as a distant result of the Cenozoic collision of India and Eurasia that caused a tectonic reactivation of the Palaeozoic Gorny–Altai (GA) and West Sayan (WS) blocks.The present work reports of a pilot fission-track study performed on 13 apatite separates collected from rocks that were sampled along two profiles in close proximity of the lake. The age–length data and AFT thermochronological modelling reveal two important phases of cooling in the Altai Mountains, a first one during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and a second one that started in the Miocene–Pliocene and that persists until today. The first event is interpreted to result from uplift-induced denudation probably related to the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean; the second event can be linked to the young Cenozoic movements that lie at the origin of the formation of the Lake Teletskoye basin.  相似文献   

Cosmogenic-nuclide ages for New England coastal moraines, Martha's Vineyard and Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA     

Greg Balco  John O.H. Stone  Stephen C. Porter  Marc W. Caffee   《Quaternary Science Reviews》2002,21(20-22)

Cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages for 13 glacially transported boulders atop the Martha's Vineyard moraine, MA, USA, indicate that the southeastern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet reached its maximum extent during the last glaciation 23,200±500 yr ago. Another 10 age determinations from the younger Buzzards Bay moraine near Woods Hole, MA, indicate that this moraine complex was formed 18,800±400 yr ago. These ages correlate approximately with the terminations of cooling cycles recorded in Greenland ice cores and coeval ice-rafting events, suggesting that the marginal position of this sector of the ice sheet was tightly coupled to North Atlantic climate during the last glacial maximum.  相似文献