Evaluation of a bycatch reduction technology by fishermen: A case study from Sicily     

Susanna Piovano  Giovanni BascianoYonat Swimmer  Cristina Giacoma 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):272-277

Bycatch reduction technologies (BRTs) have been developed to limit the incidental capture of non-target marine species in fishing gear, especially those species of special concern. However, in the absence of enforcement, the proven effectiveness of a BRT alone does not guarantee its adoption by fishermen. Human factors also play a fundamental role. This case study was directed at evaluating the willingness of Sicilian longline fishermen to use relatively large circle hooks (size 16/0) as a BRT for the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta. Fishermen were involved in testing circle hooks with their fishing vessels and their own commercial fishing gear, and their opinions before and after trials at sea were recorded. The present study showed the importance of creating a positive human context for testing a BRT. Findings provided additional confirmation about the usefulness of relatively large circle hooks to reduce the bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles on drifting longlines. Interviews before and after trials at sea indicated that socio-economic and emotional factors are essential for successful uptake of BRTs. Crews of large fishing vessels stated that they would be willing to use circle hooks in months with a high probability of turtle captures (June-September) if an economic incentive was provided and there was also public acknowledgement of their efforts. The fishermen's cooperatives association involved in the project is currently evaluating the creation of a product label identifying the harbors where fishing was performed using circle hooks.  相似文献   

Strain rotation coupling and its implications on the measurement of rotational ground motions     

Martin van Driel  Joachim Wassermann  Maria Fernanda Nader  Bernhard S. A. Schuberth  Heiner Igel 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):657-668

Spatial derivatives of the seismic wave field are known to be sensitive to various site effects (e.g., cavity effects, topography, and geological inhomogeneities). In this study, the focus is on strain rotation coupling that can cause significant differences between point measurements compared to array-derived rotational motions. The strain rotation coupling constants are estimated based on finite element simulations for inhomogeneous media as well as for the 3D topography around Wettzell, Germany (the location of the G ring laser). Using collocated array and ring laser data, the coupling constants of the ring laser itself are shown to be small. Several examples are shown to illustrate the order of magnitude that strain-induced rotation might have on the seismograms in the near field of volcanoes as well as in the far field and in the low-frequency spectrum (free oscillations).  相似文献   

Monte Carlo method applied to modeling copper transport in river sediments   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Marcela Z. Corazza  Taufik Abr?o  Fábio Grandis Lepri  Sonia M. N. Gimenez  Elisabeth Oliveira  Maria Josefa Santos 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(8):1063-1079

Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) methodology has been applied to explain the variability of parameters for pollutant transport and fate modeling. In this study, the MCS method was used to evaluate the transport and fate of copper in the sediment of the Tibagi River sub-basin tributaries, Southern Brazil. The statistical distribution of the variables was described by a dataset obtained for copper concentration using sequential extraction, organic matter (OM) amount, and pH. The proposed stochastic spatial model for the copper transport in the river sediment was discussed and implemented by the MCS technique using the MatLab 7.3? mathematical software tool. In order to test some hypotheses, the sediment and the water column in the river ecosystem were considered as compartments. The proposed stochastic spatial model makes it possible to predict copper mobility and associated risks as a function of the organic matter input into aquatic systems. The metal mobility can increase with the OM posing a rising environmental risk.  相似文献   

Stratified dust grains in the interstellar medium – I. An accurate computational method for calculating their optical properties     

Maria Antonia Iatì  Rosalba Saija  Ferdinando Borghese  Paolo Denti  Cesare Cecchi-Pestellini  David A. Williams 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,384(2):591-598

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Probing the Subsurface Structures of Active Regions with Ring-Diagram Analysis     

Richard S. Bogart  Sarbani Basu  Maria Cristina Rabello-Soares  H. M. Antia 《Solar physics》2008,251(1-2):439-451

We analyze the variations in the near-surface profiles of sound speed and adiabatic constant between active regions and neighboring quiet-Sun areas using the technique of ring-diagram analysis and inversions of the frequency differences between the regions. This approach minimizes the systematic observational effects on the fitted spectral model parameters. The regions analyzed have been selected from a large sample of data available from both GONG and MDI and include a wide range of magnetic activity levels as measured in several respects. We find that the thermal-structure anomalies under active regions have a consistent depth profile, with only the magnitude of the effect varying with the intensity of the active regions. Both the sound speed and the first adiabatic index are depressed near the surface but enhanced at greater depths. The turnover for the sound speed occurs at a shallower depth than that for the adiabatic index. The amplitude of the thermal anomalies at all depths correlates more closely with the total magnetic flux of the active regions than with spot areas or flare activity levels. The depth of the turnover does not appear to depend on the strength of the region.  相似文献   

Stability issues and pressure–shear interaction in elastomeric bearings: the primary role of the secondary shape factor     

Giovanni Maria Montuori  Elena Mele  Giuseppe Marrazzo  Giuseppe Brandonisio  Antonello De Luca 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(2):569-597

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Water exchanges between a multi-inlet lagoon and the ocean: the role of forcing mechanisms     

João Pedro Farinha Fabião  Marta Filipa Gomes Rodrigues  André Bustorff Fortunato  José Manuel Quintela de Brito Jacob  Alexandra Maria Francisco Cravo 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(2):173-194

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A 4D-variational ocean data assimilation application for Santos Basin,Brazil     

Mauricio da Rocha Fragoso  Gabriel Vieira de Carvalho  Felipe Lobo Mendes Soares  Daiane Gracieli Faller  Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad  Raquel Toste  Lívia Maria Barbosa Sancho  Elisa Nóbrega Passos  Carina Stefoni Böck  Bruna Reis  Luiz Landau  Hernan G. Arango  Andrew M. Moore 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(3):419-434

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Active Crustal Faults in the Forearc Region,Guerrero Sector of the Mexican Subduction Zone     

Krzysztof Gaidzik  Maria Teresa Ramírez-Herrera  Vladimir Kostoglodov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(10-11):3419-3443

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The effect of peat structure on the spatial distribution of biogenic gases within bogs          下载免费PDF全文

Xavier Comas  Nicholas Kettridge  Andrew Binley  Lee Slater  Andrew Parsekian  Andy J. Baird  Maria Strack  James M. Waddington 《水文研究》2014,28(22):5483-5494

Northern peatlands are a large source of atmospheric methane (CH₄) and both a source and a sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). The rate and temporal variability in gas exchanges with peat soils is directly related to the spatial distribution of these free‐phase gases within the peat column. In this paper, we present results from surface and borehole ground‐penetrating radar surveys – constrained with direct soil and gas sampling – that compare the spatial distribution of gas accumulations in two raised bogs: one in Wales (UK), the other in Maine (USA). Although the two peatlands have similar average thickness, physical properties of the peat matrix differ, particularly in terms of peat type and degree of humification. We hypothesize that these variations in physical properties are responsible for the differences in gas distribution between the two peatlands characterized by (1) gas content up to 10.8% associated with woody peat and presence of wood layers in Caribou Bog (Maine) and (2) a more homogenous distribution with gas content up to 5.7% at the surface (i.e. <0.5 m deep) in Cors Fochno (Wales). Our results highlight the variability in biogenic gas accumulation and distribution across peatlands and suggest that the nature of the peat matrix has a key role in defining how biogenic gas accumulates within and is released to the atmosphere from peat soils. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献