东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

李春峰  贺群禄  赵国光 《地震学报》2005,27(1):60-67

东昆仑活动断裂托索湖——玛曲以东肯定那一带， 可据阿尼玛卿玛积峰为界再分为花石峡段和玛沁段两个在几何上不连续的段落. 两段在表征断层全新世活动特征的古地震事件方面有明显差异， 花石峡段的地震活动性明显高于玛沁段的地震活动性. 古地震研究表明， 花石峡段上3次强震活动相邻两次地震发生的时间间隔分别约为500 a和640 a， 玛沁段上最近两次古地震事件间大致有1 000 a左右的时间间隔. 根据断层平均滑动速率计算的花石峡段7.5级地震的平均复发间隔为411~608 a， 相对应的同震平均水平位错约为（5.75plusmn;0.57）m. 虽然玛沁段的地震活动性较弱， 但由于该段上最近一次地震事件离现在较为久远， 已经积累的应变能应该使我们对其未来地震危险性的分析有足够重视.   相似文献   

藻类勃发—湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制   总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38       下载免费PDF全文

刘传联  徐金鲤等 《地质论评》2001,47(2):207-210

浮游藻类是重要的湖相生油母质，本文以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷早第三纪湖相生油岩为例，研究了其中藻类（主要是颗石藻和沟鞭藻＿化石的分布特征，并通过与现代水体中藻类生产和沉积作用的比较，探讨了生油湖泊中藻类生产和沉积方式及其对油源岩形成所起的控制作用，结果显示，藻类勃发现象在早第三纪生油湖泊中相当普遍，而且贯穿于各类油源岩的形成过程，这类快速事件性沉积是湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制。  相似文献   

Isotope hydrological study of mean transit times in an alpine basin (Wimbachtal, Germany)     

Piotr Maloszewski  Werner Rauert  Peter Trimborn  Andreas Herrmann  Rolf Rau 《Journal of Hydrology》1992,140(1-4):343-360

Measurements of tritium and ¹⁸O concentrations in precipitation and runoff were used to provide further insight into the groundwater storage properties of the Wimbachtal Valley, a catchment area of 33.4 km², extending between 636 and 2713 m a.s.l. in the Berchtesgaden Alps. The catchment includes three aquifer types: a dominant porous aquifer; a fractured dolomite; a karstic limestone aquifer. Employing a simple hydrological model, information about mean transit times of environmental tracers is derived for the groundwater runoff component and several karst springs from the application of the exponential and dispersion flow models to the isotopic input and output data. The mean transit times calculated from a dispersion model with transit times of 4.1 years for ¹⁸O and 4.2 years for tritium, which agree well, allow calculation of total (mobile + stagnant) groundwater storage volume, which is equivalent to 6.6 m of water depth. Direct runoff appears negligible as in many other cases.  相似文献   

Importance of water quality to nekton habitat use in a North Carolina Branch estuary     

William?W.?Kirby-SmithEmail author  Martin?E.?Lebo  Robert?B.?Herrmann 《Estuaries and Coasts》2003,26(6):1480-1485

Nekton abundance and water quality were examined over 8 yr (1986–1993) in Isaac Creek, a small (2.5 km long), shallow (1–2 m), estuarine creek draining to Adams Creek (Neuse River system), North Carolina, United States. Water quality and nekton were sampled at 8 to 12 stations at 2–3 wk intervals from April to October (76 dates). The nekton assemblage, sampled by trawl, included 42 taxa but was dominated by 11 species (7 fish and 4 decapod crustaceans). Nekton and water quality (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen [DO], salinity gradient) data were grouped and analyzed by three (upper, middle, and lower) creek zones to determine if estimated abundance was correlated with water quality. Potentially stressful water quality conditions for salinity (<5 ppt), temperature (>30°C in morning), and DO (<2 mg 1⁻¹) mainly occurred in the upper and middle zones. The most frequent occurrence of potentially stressful conditions for salinity was in the spring and for dissolved oxygen and temperature in middle to late summer. The frequency of potentially stressful conditions increased during a 3-yr period following timber harvest of a large portion of the watershed. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested little correlation between the top 11 species and water quality and indicated an assemblage with regular seasonal changes. Comparison of nekton use of the middle and upper zones of the creek for 3-yr pre- and post-harvest periods showed an increase in proportion of nekton caught in those zones, despite the higher frequency of potentially stressful water quality conditions. This observation suggests that a complex set of factors, including water quality, influence the pattern of nekton use in Isaac Creek.  相似文献   

CAPRAM2.3: A Chemical Aqueous Phase Radical Mechanism for Tropospheric Chemistry     

H. Herrmann  B. Ervens  H.-W. Jacobi  R. Wolke  P. Nowacki  R. Zellner 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,36(3):231-284

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南海1∶100万永暑礁幅海洋区域地质调查成果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邱燕  彭学超  朱本铎  钟和贤 《地质通报》2006,25(3)

1∶100万永暑礁幅海洋区域地质调查成果揭示了该区地壳的浅、中、深层地质特征。浅层主要研究海底地形、地貌、表层沉积物、矿产资源、潜在地质灾害等；中层主要研究新生代地层、断裂体系、岩浆岩、含油气盆地远景等；深层则研究磁性基底、深层断裂、莫霍面分布特征等。本成果在以下几方面有重要突破：①通过对比新生代以来的地层,确定各沉积盆地地层特征和相互关系,在此基础上预测油气资源前景；②分析表层沉积物类型,预测本区未来可能具有开发价值的固体矿产资源；③利用磁性基底和莫霍面数据分析本区地壳结构特征。  相似文献   

天然气水合物资源量估算方法及应用     

梁金强  吴能友  杨木壮  王明君  沙志彬 《地质通报》2006,(Z2)

近年大量的勘探与研究成果表明,中国南海海域具有良好的水合物资源前景。根据所掌握的勘探资料,尝试利用“概率统计法”对南海海域水合物资源前景进行了初步预测,在50%概率的条件下,南海海域的水合物资源量约为649.68×1011m3,与众多学者对全球天然气水合物资源量的估算相似。由于目前勘探程度较低和很多评价参数不能准确给定,因此对南海海域天然气水合物资源量的估算是初步的。该项研究旨在探索天然气水合物资源量的评估方法,随着勘探、研究程度的深入和评价资料的增多,水合物资源量的评价精度将会得到进一步的提高。  相似文献   

南海东沙海域天然气水合物地震数据多次压制及速度特征     

徐华宁  梁蓓雯  吴能友 《地质通报》2006,(Z2)

多次波衰减是海洋地震数据处理中的一个关键问题。东沙海域多次波极其发育,由于地形的急剧变化和地质条件的影响,多次波变形严重(不符合双曲线规律)。采用常规的处理方法效果并不明显,并可能造成成果剖面上出现明显的多次压制痕迹,很难达到保幅处理。针对此区多次波的特点,提出一种频率分离的方法将数据分离后再进行不同处理,可以很好地解决多次波的压制并突出有效波;在没有有效反射的位置,剖面的背景噪音也更符合视觉习惯;更重要的是,处理中没有频率损失,处理结果更和谐。另外,叠前偏移处理技术的运用可以使含水合物地层的接触关系、反射特征更清楚。叠前时间偏移所建立的速度模型也能够表现含水合物地层、BSR与含游离气层的相对速度关系。  相似文献   

Mechanism and Modes of Microbial Minerogenesis of Polymetallic Nodules on the Ocean Floor   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

YAN Baorui ZHANG Xigen  LIANG Dehu  XU Dongyu  LIU Yifen  ZHANG Wei Institute of Hydro geology  Engineering Geology  MGMR  Shigang Street  Shijiazhuang  Hebei Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey  MGMR  Guangzhou Institute of Marine Geology  MGMR  P. O. Box  Qingdao  Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(3):282-290

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the relations of the occurrence of polymetallic nodules with the geochemical actions of microbes in the seawater, pore water and sediments at the bottom of the eastern Pacific Ocean basin. Emphasis is laid on the relations of the activity intensity and biochemical transformation rate of aerobic bacteria (iron bacteria, Thiobacillus thioparus, halobacteria and manganese-oxidizing bacteria) and anaerobic bacteria (sulphate-reducing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, Thiobacillus denitrificans) with mineralization. The experimental research on the migration and accumulation of ore-forming elements caused by microbial and chemical actions shows that the microbes have changed the conditions of oxidation and reduction in the system, and their effect on the element precipitation is much stronger than the chemical actions and accelerates the enrichment of Fe and Mn. It demonstrates that the microbes can change the environment to promote the accumulation of ore-formin  相似文献   

Noble gases in mineral separates from three shergottites: Shergotty,Zagami, and EETA79001     

Susanne P. Schwenzer  Siegfried Herrmann  Ratan K. Mohapatra  Ulrich Ott 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(3):387-412

Abstract— This study provides a complete data set of all five noble gases for bulk samples and mineral separates from three Martian shergottites: Shergotty (bulk, pyroxene, maskelynite), Zagami (bulk, pyroxene, maskelynite), and Elephant Moraine (EET) A79001, lithology A (bulk, pyroxene). We also give a compilation of all noble gas and nitrogen studies performed on these meteorites. Our mean values for cosmic‐ray exposure ages from ³He, ²¹Ne, and ³⁸Ar are 2.48 Myr for Shergotty, 2.73 Myr for Zagami, and 0.65 Myr for EETA79001 lith. A. Serious loss of radiogenic ⁴He due to shock is observed. Cosmogenic neon results for bulk samples from 13 Martian meteorites (new data and literature data) are used in addition to the mineral separates of this study in a new approach to explore evidence of solar cosmic‐ray effects. While a contribution of this low‐energy irradiation is strongly indicated for all of the shergottites, spallation Ne in Chassigny, Allan Hills (ALH) 84001, and the nakhlites is fully explained by galactic cosmic‐ray spallation. Implanted Martian atmospheric gases are present in all mineral separates and the thermal release indicates a near‐surface siting. We derive an estimate for the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio of the Martian interior component by subtracting from measured Ar in the (K‐poor) pyroxenes the (small) radiogenic component as well as the implanted atmospheric component as indicated from ¹²⁹Xe, * excesses. Unless compromised by the presence of additional components, a high ratio of ～2000 is indicated for Martian interior argon, similar to that in the Martian atmosphere. Since much lower ratios have been inferred for Chassigny and ALH 84001, the result may indicate spatial and/or temporal variations of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar in the Martian mantle.  相似文献