Extinction and polarization of light by dust in the interstellar medium. Interstellar extinction curves     

N. V. Voshchinnikov  A. E. Il'in  V. B. Il'in 《Astrophysics》1986,24(2):179-187

  相似文献   

The Kaidun meteorite: Mineralogy of an unusual CM1 lithology     

Michael E. ZOLENSKY  Andrei V. IVANOV  S. Vincent YANG  David W. MITTLEFEHLDT  Kazumasa OHSUMI 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1996,31(4):484-493

Abstract Kaidun is a breccia of disparate enstatite and carbonaceous chondrite clasts that continues to provide real surprises. Many Kaidun clasts have been intensely altered by aqueous fluids, as evidenced by the widespread occurrence of ferromagnesian phyllosilicates and by the presence of carbonate- and phyllo-silicate-filled veins. In this report, we describe an unusual CM lithology containing many mineralogical features not previously reported from any meteorite, including pyrrhotite, with exclusive needlelike morphologies and thick mantles of phyllosilicate, and complex aggregates of phyllosilicate, melanite garnet, crosscut by pentlandite veins. The latter features appear to be due in large part to extensive hydrothermal alteration at temperatures on the order of 450 °C, which is significantly higher than that attained during secondary processing from other known CM material.  相似文献   

UV Leo: The Binary with the Two Suns     

G. Djurašević  P. Rovithis  H. Rovithis-Livaniou  E. Fragoulopoulou 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,296(1-4):311-314

BV light curves of the eclipsing binary UV Leo obtained at the Kryonerion Astronomical Station of the National Observatory of Athens, Greece, are analyzed. The analysis is based on a Roche configuration with two spots on the secondary surface. The elements of the two components of the system are calculated and the spot characteristics are given.  相似文献   

Line forming regions in active galaxies and their nuclei     

J. E. Dyson  R. J. R. Williams  J. J. Perry 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1996,237(1-2):187-206

The spectra of active galaxies and their nuclei are rich in emission and absorption line features. A major aim of present research is the development of self-consistent hydrodynamic models for the production of the line-forming regions. We here review such modelling and stress the central role played by shock phenomena induced by winds and explosions on scales ranging from the circumstellar to the intergalactic.  相似文献   

Multicomponent magnetizations in the Foyers Old Red Sandstone (northern Scotland) and their bearing on lateral displacements along the Great Glen Fault   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. M. Storetvedt  E. Tveit  E. R. Deutsch  G. S. Murthy 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,102(1):151-163

  相似文献   

Modeling X-Ray Photoionized Plasmas Produced at the Sandia Z-Facility     

P. A. M. Van Hoof  M. E. Foord  R. F. Heeter  J. E. Bailey  H.-K. Chung  M. E. Cuneo  W. H. Goldstein  V. Jonauskas  F. P. Keenan  R. Kisielius  D. A. Liedahl  C. Ramsbottom  S. J. Rose  P. T. Springer  R. S. Thoe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):147-153

In experiments at the high-power Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we have been able to produce a low density photoionized laboratory plasma of Fe mixed with NaF. The conditions in the experiment allow a meaningful comparison with X-ray emission from astrophysical sources. The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in this plasma using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate unprecedented values for the ionization parameter ξ = 20–25 erg cm s⁻¹ under nearly steady-state conditions. First comparisons of the measured charge state distributions with X-ray photoionization models show reasonable agreement, although many questions remain.  相似文献   

Characterization of soil's structural crust by spectral reflectance in the SWIR region (1.2–2.5 μm)     

N. Goldshleger  E. Ben-Dor  Y. Benyamini  M. Agassi  & D. G. Blumberg 《地学学报》2001,13(1):12-17

Structural crust is a thin layer formed on the soil surface after a rainstorm. The crust is the result of a physical segregation and rearrangement of soil particles in a way that affects some of the soil properties, such as infiltration, runoff and soil erosion. In practice, there is no rapid, in situ method for monitoring, assessing and mapping crust intensity and quality. In this study, a controlled spectral investigation of the structural crust across the NIR–SWIR spectral region was conducted on three selected Israeli soils, to study the potential of reflectance radiation to detect structural crust in soils. Two major factors served as the driving forces for this study: (1) there is no valid method for in situ assessment of the crust's characteristics in the agriculture field, and (2) the crust might bias thematic remote sensing of soils, because the thin layer of crust blocks photon–matter interaction, which represents the relevant soil body. Through the use of a laboratory rainfall simulator and a sensitive spectrometer, it was revealed that for three selected soils, significant spectral differences occurred between the crust and its bulk soil. The spectral information was found to be related to changes in particle size distribution and texture at the surface of the soil. This conclusion was based on indications of absorption of OH in clay lattice, OH in adsorbed water and CO₃ in carbonates. It was concluded that the structural crust is a phenomenon that should not be ignored by remote-sensing users. In fact, in the field of agriculture, the spectral properties of crust can be used as tools for estimating the crust's intensity.  相似文献   

Microwave observations of Saturn's rings: anisotropy in directly transmitted and scattered saturnian thermal emission     

David E. Dunn  Lawrence A. Molnar  Imke de Pater 《Icarus》2004,171(1):183-198

We present a new Very Large Array (VLA) image of Saturn, made from data taken in October 1998 at a wavelength of λ3.6 cm. The moderate ring opening angle (B≈15°) allows us to explore direct transmission of microwave photons through the A and C rings. We find a strong asymmetry of photons transmitted through the A ring, but not in the C ring, a new diagnostic of wake structure in the ring particles. We also find a weak asymmetry between east and west for the far side of the ansae. To facilitate quantitative comparison between dynamic models of the A ring and radio observations, we extend our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code (described in Dunn et al., 2002, Icarus 160, 132-160) to include idealized wakes. We show the idealized model can reproduce the properties of dynamic simulations in directly transmitted light. We examine the model behavior in directly transmitted and scattered light over a range of physical and geometric wake parameters. Finally, we present a wake model with a plausible set of physical parameters that quantitatively reproduces the observed intensity and asymmetry of the A ring both across the planet and in the ansae.  相似文献   

Neutron background in large-scale xenon detectors for dark matter searches     

M. J. Carson  J. C. Davies  E. Daw  R. J. Hollingworth  V. A. Kudryavtsev  T. B. Lawson  P. K. Lightfoot  J. E. McMillan  B. Morgan  S. M. Paling  M. Robinson  N. J. C. Spooner  D. R. Tovey 《Astroparticle Physics》2004,21(6):667-687

Simulations of the neutron background for future large-scale particle dark matter detectors are presented. Neutrons were generated in rock and detector elements via spontaneous fission and (α,n) reactions, and by cosmic-ray muons. The simulation techniques and results are discussed in the context of the expected sensitivity of a generic liquid xenon dark matter detector. Methods of neutron background suppression are investigated. A sensitivity of 10⁻⁹–10⁻¹⁰ pb to WIMP-nucleon interactions can be achieved by a tonne-scale detector.  相似文献   

A Fabry-Pérot etalon as fourier tachometer     

I. E. Kozhevatov  E. H. Kulikova  N. P. Cheragin 《Solar physics》1996,168(2):251-258

A tachometer for measuring the displacements of the center of gravity of spectral line profiles is developed. The implementation of the device, basically a Fabry-Pérot etalon, is given. The spectral shifts are determined, using the frequency of a laser as reference.  相似文献