Impact of Paper Mill Waste on Physicochemical Properties of Soil,Crop Yield,and Chemical Composition of Plants     

Andrzej Cezary o&#x;nowski  Wiera S&#x;dej  Marta Sylwia Suski  Adrian Wyrwas  Dariusz Skrocki 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(8)

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The formation of fan-deltas in mountain lakes: Findings from Zelené Kežmarské Lake (Slovakia)     

Marcin Słowik  Marta Prekopová  Vladimír Budinský 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2024,49(2):933-948

Fan-deltas are formed in mountain lakes, contributing to changes in shorelines' shapes and filling lake basins with sediments. Factors that condition sediment delivery to the lakes and the formation of fan-deltas are not fully understood. This study aims to identify processes forming fan-deltas in mountain lakes based on the sedimentary architecture of a fan-delta filling Zelené Kežmarské Lake (Slovakia). Our study is based on ground-penetrating radar and seismic refraction surveys conducted over the lake and debris-flow fans in its vicinity, and grain-size analyses of the surface deposits. The internal structure of the fan-delta comprises foreset deposits representing the fan-delta lobes. Mouth bars were identified in the near-shore zone. The fan-delta is built of sands and silty sands whereas an alluvial debris-flow dominated fan west of the lake contains gravels. A general trend of downslope fining of the fan surface sediments, disturbed by zones of coarse gravels, was identified in the surficial sediments forming the fan. The fan-delta was formed by depositional events in humid periods, alternating with dry periods featured with a small or no deposition. The lake-level steadily rose in the humid periods and remained stable in dry periods. The contrast between the coarse sediments forming the alluvial debris-flow dominated fan, and sands forming the fan-delta was caused by a selective deposition. Coarse gravels in the fan were mobilized in humid periods but did not reach the lake-shore. The reason was a basement rock ridge situated parallel to the lake shore. Sands were delivered to the fan-delta in humid periods owing to frequent high-energy flows. A deposition of silts took place in dry periods. The studied fan-delta might preserve the sedimentary record of three humid periods from the last 200 years. However, further studies are needed to establish the timing of the fan-delta formation.  相似文献   

Masters of mudbrick: Geoarchaeological analysis of Iron Age earthen public buildings at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)     

Marta Lorenzon  Benjamín Cutillas-Victoria  Eli Itkin  Alexander Fantalkin 《Geoarchaeology》2024,39(1):35-62

Excavations at Ashdod-Yam exposed a fortification system that features a massive mudbrick wall with large earthen ramparts laid on either side. This fortified horseshoe-shaped enclosure once surrounded what was likely a human-made harbor and an adjacent acropolis with complex earthen architecture, constructed and active during Iron Age IIB–C (eighth–seventh centuries B.C.E.). These Iron Age public structures are at the center of the current research. In this paper, we present the geoarchaeological analyses of Ashdod-Yam's earthen architecture. We applied a multidisciplinary methodology to new evidence for mudbrick manufacture with the goal of understanding the relationship between governing bodies and craftsmen. The analyses combine X-ray fluorescence, loss on ignition, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and thin-section petrography to investigate raw material procurement, manufacturing choices, and labor organization at Ashdod-Yam during Iron IIB–C. Construction techniques and the standardization of the mudbrick recipe point to a local enterprise regarding the site's public earthen architecture. Furthermore, the degree of labor organization must have been closely observed and supervised by a central political power. Thus, it is argued here that construction and maintenance of the site was carried out by the kingdom of Ashdod, either as a part of its own local initiative or on behalf of the Neo-Assyrian empire.  相似文献   

A new approach to geobarometry by combining fluid inclusion and clumped isotope thermometry in hydrothermal carbonates          下载免费PDF全文

Robin Honlet  Marta Gasparrini  Philippe Muchez  Rudy Swennen  Cédric M. John 《地学学报》2018,30(3):199-206

This study presents a new approach to geobarometry by combining fluid inclusion and clumped isotope (Δ₄₇) thermometry on carbonate minerals. The offset between homogenisation temperatures of primary fluid inclusions with known composition and Δ₄₇ temperatures of the host mineral allows a direct estimation of the fluid pressure at the time of carbonate crystallisation. This new approach is illustrated via hydrothermal dolomite samples from the Variscan foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt in northern Spain. Clumped isotope analyses yield crystallisation temperatures (107–168°C) which are higher than homogenisation temperatures in corresponding samples (95–145°C). The calculated pressure values suggest that dolomitizing fluids were overpressured during formation of zebra dolomite textures, whereas lower pressures are obtained for dolomite cement from breccia textures. This new approach to geobarometry opens up the possibility of estimating the pressure of carbonate crystallisation and has potential applications in diagenesis, basin analysis, ore geology and tectonics.  相似文献   

Seasonal trend analysis (STA) of MODIS vegetation index time series for the mangrove canopy of the Teacapan-Agua Brava lagoon system,Mexico     

César Alejandro Berlanga-Robles  Arturo Ruiz-Luna  Marta Rocío Nepita Villanueva 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(3):338-361

Monthly time series, from 2001 to 2016, of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MOD13Q1 products were analyzed with Seasonal Trend Analysis (STA), assessing seasonal and long-term changes in the mangrove canopy of the Teacapan-Agua Brava lagoon system, the largest mangrove ecosystem in the Mexican Pacific coast. Profiles from both vegetation indices described similar phenological trends, but the EVI was more sensitive in detecting intra-annual changes. We identified a seasonal cycle dominated by Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle mixed patches, with the more closed canopy occurring in the early autumn, and the maximum opening in the dry season. Mangrove patches dominated by Avicennia germinans displayed seasonal peaks in the winter. Curves fitted for the seasonal vegetation indices were better correlated with accumulated precipitation and solar radiation among the assessed climate variables (Pearson’s correlation coefficients, estimated for most of the variables, were r ≥ 0.58 p < 0.0001), driving seasonality for tidal basins with mangroves dominated by L. racemosa and R. mangle. For tidal basins dominated by A. germinans, the maximum and minimum temperatures and monthly precipitation fit better seasonally with the vegetation indices (r ≥ 0.58, p < 0.0001). Significant mangrove canopy reductions were identified in all the analyzed tidal basins (z values for the Mann-Kendall test ≤ ?1.96), but positive change trends were recorded in four of the basins, while most of the mangrove canopy (approximately 87%) displayed only seasonal canopy changes or canopy recovery (z > ?1.96). The most resilient mangrove forests were distributed in tidal basins dominated by L. racemosa and R. mangle (Mann-Kendal Tau t ≥ 0.4, p ≤ 0.03), while basins dominated by A. germinans showed the most evidence of disturbance.  相似文献   

Fast Mid-IR Flashes Detected During Small Solar X-Ray Bursts     

Marta M. Cassiano  Pierre Kaufmann  Rogério Marcon  Amauri S. Kudaka  Adolfo Marun  Rodolfo Godoy  Pablo Pereyra  Arline M. Melo  Hugo Levato 《Solar physics》2010,264(1):71-79

Solar observations in the mid-infrared 8 – 14 μm band continuum were carried out with cadence of 5 frames per second, in December 2007. Rapid small heated sources, with a typical duration of the order of seconds, were found on the bright plage-like areas around sunspots, in association with relatively weak GOES soft X-ray bursts. This work presents the analysis of fast mid-infrared flashes detected during a GOES B2.0-class event on 10 December 2007, beginning at about 10:40 UT. Rapid brightness temperature enhancements of 0.5 to 2.0 K were detected at the Earth by a microbolometer array, using a telescope with 10.5 cm diameter aperture producing a diffraction-limited photometric beam of 25 arc sec. The minimum detectable temperature change was of 0.1 K. The corresponding fluxes are 30 – 130 solar flux units. At the solar surface the estimated rapid brightenings represented a temperature enhancement of 50 – 150 K.  相似文献   

A regional comparison of the effects of climate change on agricultural crops in Europe     

Ana Iglesias  Luis Garrote  Sonia Quiroga  Marta Moneo 《Climatic change》2012,112(1):29-46

The effects of climate change will be felt by most farmers in Europe over the next decades. This study provides consistent results of the impact of climate change on arable agriculture in Europe by using high resolution climate data, socio-economic data, and impact assessment models, including farmer adaptation. All scenarios are consistent with the spatial distribution of effects, exacerbating regional disparities and current vulnerability to climate. Since the results assume no restrictions on the use of water for irrigation or on the application of agrochemicals, they may be considered optimistic from the production point of view and somewhat pessimistic from the environmental point of view. The results provide an estimate of the regional economic impact of climate change, as well as insights into the importance of mitigation and adaptation policies.  相似文献   

CH₄/N₂/H₂-spark hydrophobic tholins: A systematic approach to the characterisation of tholins. Part II     

Marta Ruiz-Bermejo  César Menor-Salván  Eva Mateo-Martí  José Ángel Martín-Gago  Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer 《Icarus》2009,204(2):672-680

Two different simulation experiments of prebiotic synthesis were carried out in a CH₄/N₂/H₂ atmosphere with spark discharge activation of aqueous aerosols and liquid water. In both cases, a hydrophilic tholin and a hydrophobic tholin were obtained. The methodology developed by our group for the characterisation of hydrophilic tholins [Ruiz-Bermejo, M., Menor-Salván, C., Mateo-Martí, E., Osuna-Esteban, S., Martín-Gago, J.A., Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S., 2008. Icarus 198, 232-241] was used in order to study the hydrophobic tholins. The gas precursors of the tholins from mixtures containing CH₄, with and without H₂, were studied. We propose that the formation of the hydrophobic tholins involves the formation of unsaturated oligomeric hydrocarbon chains from vinyl and acetylene monomers, as well as allene derivatives formed in the gas phase after the incorporation of polar groups into these hydrocarbon chains. Finally, we compare our results concerning hydrophobic tholins with HCN polymers, since it is generally suggested that the polymeric material formed in spark experiments are possible oligomers of HCN, and that Titan’s tholins could be poly-HCN.  相似文献   

Implications of primordial black holes on the first stars and the origin of the super-massive black holes     

Cosimo Bambi  Douglas Spolyar  Alexander D. Dolgov  Katherine Freese  Marta Volonteri 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(3):1347-1356

If the cosmological dark matter has a component made of small primordial black holes (BHs), they may have a significant impact on the physics of the first stars and on the subsequent formation of massive BHs. Primordial BHs would be adiabatically contracted into these stars and then would sink to the stellar centre by dynamical friction, creating a larger BH which may quickly swallow the whole star. If these primordial BHs are heavier than  ∼10²² g  , the first stars would likely live only for a very short time and would not contribute much to the reionization of the Universe. They would instead become  10–10³ M_⊙  BHs which (depending on subsequent accretion) could serve as seeds for the super-massive BHs seen at high redshifts as well as those inside galaxies today.  相似文献   

Virtual organisation in the SIMDAT meteorological activity: a decentralised access control mechanism for distributed data     

Baudouin Raoult  Guillaume Aubert  Marta Gutiérrez  Cristina Arciniegas-Lopez  Ricardo Correa 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(1-2):63-74

The EU funded SIMDAT project is aimed at applying generic grid technology for the solution of complex application problems in several representative fields including automotive, aerospace, pharmaceutical and meteorology. To satisfy the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the WMO Information Systems (WIS), the partners in the meteorology activity within SIMDAT (ECMWF, Deutscher Wetterdienst, the UK Met office, EUMETSAT and Météo-France), have developed grid-enabled software that provides generic distributed access to distributed meteorological data repositories via web-based portals, through a series of nodes organized in a mesh network. However, granting access to such an infrastructure, especially considering its fully distributed nature, is a serious challenge and a risk to the security of the overall grid infrastructure. SIMDAT solves this problem by implementing a security model based on a decentralized fine-grained access control mechanism that federates data providers and security issues using the notion of “trust domains”. In this paper we highlight the main features of the SIMDAT grid application and describe its security model in detail.  相似文献