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61.
Masaru Nakano Takeshi Nakamura Shin-ichiro Kamiya Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2014,35(3):271-284
We conducted a detailed investigation of seismic activity from January 2011 to February 2013 along the Nankai trough off the Kii Peninsula, central Japan, by using data obtained from the DONET ocean-bottom observation network. The hypocenters are mostly within the subducting Philippine Sea (PHS) plate, although a few are along the plate boundary or in the sedimentary wedge below the Kumano forearc basin. The seismic activity can be separated into events above and below 20 km depth, which corresponds approximately to the Moho. The hypocenter distributions are distinctly different for these groups. The seismic activity in the oceanic crust can be further separated into three clusters. Most of the seismic activity recorded in our data represents aftershocks of the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquakes (M JMA = 7.1, 7.4, and 6.5), which occurred in the PHS plate. The hypocenter distribution in the oceanic crust correlates well with the location of the Paleo-Zenisu ridge, which is formed by a chain of seamounts that is subducting beneath the forearc basin. The hypocenters in the uppermost mantle are aligned on a plane dipping to the southeast, consistent with the existence of a thrust fault cutting through the lithosphere of the oceanic plate. The focal mechanisms of the earthquakes show that the axis of compressive stress in the PHS plate is oriented N–S, almost perpendicular to the direction of plate convergence, indicating a complex tectonic regime in this region. These results suggest that intraplate shortening may be occurring in the subducting oceanic plate. 相似文献
62.
Data analysis and regional atmospheric model (RAM) experiments revealed key factors in the control of wintertime cyclone passage routes from Northeast Asia to the western North Pacific. The cyclone routes were independent of the global flow pattern in the interannual variability, while cyclone growth closely agreed with linear baroclinic theory. The RAM experiments with a different lateral boundary condition composed of a combination of monthly mean and transient components also showed that the upstream eddies are important for the track route, but the background states are not. Additionally, the RAM experiments showed that the mean flow controlled the growth rate of cyclones. 相似文献
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64.
Kosuke Heki YOZO Hamano Masaru Kono Tadahide Ui 《Geophysical Journal International》1985,80(2):527-534
Summary. Remanent magnetization directions of 32 dykes and lava flows sampled near Ayacucho, the Peruvian Andes revealed 14.2°± 5.5° counterclockwise rotation after the Neogene intrusion of this dyke swarm. Palaeo-magnetic results of these rocks and other palaeomagnetic evidences from the Central Andean Mesozoic rocks suggest relatively recent occurrence of the Andean oroclinal bending around the axis at the Peru-Chile border. 相似文献
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67.
The size and variation of the urban increase of atmospheric downward radiation have been observed in the Tokyo area. Downward radiation flux, air temperature and humidity were observed by automobile traverses along the expressways across the greater Tokyo area from the Kanagawa (southwest) to the Chiba (east) sides. The observations were carried out on clear and rather calm nights in the winters of 1975–1978. The results show that Tokyo receives increased downward radiation in comparison with the amount received in the surrounding rural areas. The area of increased downward flux extends about 40 km at its widest along the observation route when the winds are weak, and the rural-urban increase of downward radiation becomes about 8% on the Kanagawa side and about 10% on the Chiba side. The area of increased downward flux is close to that of the urban heat island, where an urban decrease of water vapour content is also observed. The present analysis shows that the large urban increase of radiation flux is due to the difference between the vertical temperature profiles over the urban and rural regions. The development of a surface temperature inversion over the rural area and the urban decrease in water vapour content provide a rather smaller rural-urban difference in downward radiation compared with the development of a heat island. 相似文献
68.
Masaru Kono 《Geophysical Journal International》1978,54(2):241-261
Summary. Using natural volcanic rocks which acquired thermoremanence (TRM) in known fields, reliability of various palaeointensity methods using alternating field (AF) demagnetization were evaluated. Natural remanence (NRM), TRM and anhysteretic remanences (ARM's) before and after heating were stepwisely AF demagnetized following Shaw's method.
It was found that the coercivity spectra of TRM and ARM in these samples are very similar, and that even when changes occurred during heating, the changes for two remanences are quite similar in many samples. Therefore, Shaw's method of palaeointensity determination, which incorporates ARM checks to the conventional comparison of NRM and TRM coercivity spectra, gives results as reliable as those obtained by the Thellier method. Many examples were demonstrated in which TRM and ARM intensities changed substantially by heating, but without changes in the shape of their coercivity spectra. Such changes cannot normally be detected and erroneous palaeointensities with apparent internal consistency would be obtained by usual AF demagnetization methods.
Although ARM is quite similar to TRM, the rate of acquisition of ARM and TRM in weak fields varies by a factor of five among the present samples. To determine palaeointensities from the linear relation between ARM and TRM, it is necessary to determine experimentally the relative acquisition rate of these remanences. Therefore, methods based only on NRM-ARM relations would not give palaeointensities with acceptable errors. 相似文献
It was found that the coercivity spectra of TRM and ARM in these samples are very similar, and that even when changes occurred during heating, the changes for two remanences are quite similar in many samples. Therefore, Shaw's method of palaeointensity determination, which incorporates ARM checks to the conventional comparison of NRM and TRM coercivity spectra, gives results as reliable as those obtained by the Thellier method. Many examples were demonstrated in which TRM and ARM intensities changed substantially by heating, but without changes in the shape of their coercivity spectra. Such changes cannot normally be detected and erroneous palaeointensities with apparent internal consistency would be obtained by usual AF demagnetization methods.
Although ARM is quite similar to TRM, the rate of acquisition of ARM and TRM in weak fields varies by a factor of five among the present samples. To determine palaeointensities from the linear relation between ARM and TRM, it is necessary to determine experimentally the relative acquisition rate of these remanences. Therefore, methods based only on NRM-ARM relations would not give palaeointensities with acceptable errors. 相似文献
69.
Hiroshi Yamamoto Kazuaki Okamoto Yoshiyuki Kaneko Masaru Terabayashi 《Tectonophysics》2004,387(1-4):151-168
Several mafic rock masses, which have experienced eclogite facies metamorphism, are distributed in flat-lying non-eclogitic schists in an intermediate structural level (thermal core) of the Sanbagawa belt. The largest, Iratsu mass, and an associated peridotite, the Higashi-Akaishi mass, extend E–W for about 8 km, and N–S for about 3 km, and are surrounded by pelitic, basic and quartz schists. The Iratsu mass consists of metabasites of gabbroic and basaltic origin, with intercalations of ultramafic rocks, felsic gneiss, quartz schist and metacarbonate. The Iratsu mass can be divided into two layers along a WNW-trending metacarbonate layer. The Higashi-Akaishi mass consists of peridotite with intercalations of garnet clinopyroxenite. It is situated beneath the western half of the Iratsu mass, and their mutual boundary dips gently or steeply to the N or NE. These masses underwent eclogite, and subsequent epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism as has been reported elsewhere. The Iratsu–Higashi-Akaishi masses and the surrounding rocks underwent ductile deformation under epidote-amphibolite facies (or lower P–T) metamorphic conditions. Their foliation generally trends WNW and dips moderately to the NNE, and the mineral lineation mostly plunges to the N and NE. In non-eclogitic schists surrounding the Iratsu–Higashi-Akaishi masses, the foliation generally trends WNW and dips gently or steeply to the N or S and the mineral lineation mostly plunges to the NW, N and NE. Kinematic analysis of deformation structures in outcrops and oriented samples has been performed to determine shear senses. Consistent top-to-the-north, normal fault displacements are observed in peridotite layers of the Higashi-Akaishi mass and eclogite-bearing epidote amphibolite layers of the Iratsu mass. Top-to-the-northeast or top-to-the-northwest displacements also occur in non-eclogitic pelitic–quartz schists on the northern side of the Iratsu mass. In the structural bottom of the Iratsu–Higashi-Akaishi masses and to the south, reverse fault (top-to-the-south) movements are recognized in serpentinized peridotite and non-eclogitic schists. These observations provide the following constraints on the kinematics of the rock masses: (1) northward normal displacement of Iratsu relative to Higashi-Akaishi, (2) northward normal displacement of non-eclogitic schists on the north of the Iratsu mass and (3) southward thrusting of the Iratsu–Higashi-Akaishi masses upon non-eclogitic schists in the south. The exhumation process of the Iratsu–Higashi-Akaishi masses can be explained by their southward extrusion. 相似文献
70.
This paper summarizes the features of ground damage toresidential fills due to the 1995 Hyogo-ken NanbuEarthquake in Japan. Many residential lands sufferedground damage to various extents in the earthquakeevent. Permanent deformation took place ingently-sloping residential fills. Some slopes asgentle as four degrees exhibited landslide-likedownward movements from dozens to hundreds ofcentimeters, so on. It is suggested that liquefactionmight be a dominant factor for displacements ingently-inclined residential fills. 相似文献