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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Yasunori Murakami Shin-Ichi Kitamura Kei Nakayama Satoru Matsuoka Hideo Sakaguchi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):524
It is well known that heavy oil (HO) on the sea surface causes serious problems in the aquatic environment. In particular, some species of teleosts which develop on the sea surface are thought to be affected by the HO which flows out from tankers or coastal industry. However, the toxicological effects of HO are not fully understood. We performed exposure experiments using the Pleuronectiformean fish, spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus), which is an important fishery resource in Japan. In course of the development, HO-exposed embryos showed remarkable delay in developmental processes including somite formation. We further observed abnormal development of the head morphology. Notably, treated embryos had relatively small eyes and craniofacial structures. These findings strongly suggest that HO seriously affects the cell proliferation and differentiation of the embryo. In addition, HO-exposed embryos showed abnormal neuronal development. We also performed the exposure in the larval stage. Treatment of post-hatching larvae with HO resulted in significantly greater mortality compared with controls. Through these observations, we finally conclude that HO is strongly toxic to halibut in their early life stages. 相似文献
62.
While the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) was operating, the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension, or the Kuroshio
Current System, exhibited unusual behavior from the winter of 1996 to the summer of 1997. This behavior of the Kuroshio Current
System has been closely studied using a time series of satellite observation images of SST and ocean color obtained by ADEOS-OCTS,
reinforced by SST images obtained by NOAA-AVHRR. Our findings include (i) a long lasting, very southerly path of the Kuroshio
Extension; (ii) a Kuroshio path very distant from Japan with the following alternating-jet-like north-south flow pattern of
the Kuroshio Extension, which occurred twice, once in February and once in April 1997, as independent events and which was
observed to be affected by the bottom topography of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge and Trench, and of the Japan Trench; (iii) cutting
off of a cold water mass after the February event; and (iv) the formation of a vortex pair after the April event. A new mechanism
is suggested for the formation of the alternating-jet flow pattern: a topographically forced alternating-jet instability (AJI).
An SST-Chlorophyll Diagram (T-Chl Diagram) generated using simultaneous data from a single satellite is useful for analyzing
the water mass structure of this region, including biological processes. 相似文献
63.
Machiko Yamada Eri Katsuki Mayuko Otsubo Mayumi Kawaguchi Kazuhiko Ichimi Hideki Kaeriyama Kuninao Tada Paul J. Harrison 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(6):755-771
Seven Skeletonema species were identified at one station in the industrial harbor Dokai Bay, Japan, in October 2007 and then monthly from January
2008 to December 2009 by morphological scanning electron microscopy observations and molecular analyses of mainly the large
subunit (LSU) rDNA. We refer to one species identified as S. dohrnii using LSU rDNA, but as S. marinoi using the small subunit (SSU) rDNA and consequently we use the term S. marinoi-dohrnii complex. This is the first time that S. ardens, S. costatum s.s., and S. pseudocostatum have been recorded in Japan and that S. menzelii and S. tropicum have been identified by molecular methods in Japan. The S. marinoi-dohrnii complex was isolated with high frequency all year-round, and S. japonicum was also isolated with high frequency but not so in summer. S. Tropicum was isolated from September to December, but S. ardens and S. costatum s.s. were isolated only when the water temperature exceeded 20°C. S. pseudocostatum bloomed just once, in summer, but S. menzelii was isolated in May and again in October. The continuous year-round occurrence of S. costatum s.l. in the bay is supported by the succession of these seven species. Six of the species, except S. menzelii, were important components of algal blooms in the bay. One to four species of Skeletonema were isolated every month. Monthly species diversity was higher when S. ardens, S. costatum s.s., and S. tropicum that are usually associated with tropical or subtropical waters, were isolated. In general, species diversity of the genus
Skeletonema was very high in Dokai Bay. 相似文献
64.
Masato Joshima Yoshihisa Okuda Fumitoshi Murakami Kiyoyuki Kishimoto Eiichi Honza 《Geo-Marine Letters》1987,6(4):229-234
Magnetic anomalies measured in the central to western half of the Solomon Sea, when considered with other magnetic data, reveal the existence of linear patterns. Magnetic lineation anomaly models of the Cenozoic, 65 to 0 Ma, suggest that an age between 34 and 28 Ma and a half-rate spreading speed of 5.8 cm/yr for the northern flank of a former spreading center best fits our present magnetic data in the Solomon Sea Basin. Heat flow and bathymetry data support this preferred model. 相似文献
65.
TBB资料揭示的亚澳季风区季节转换及亚洲夏季风建立的特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
发展了一个用于台风路径预报的初始场人造台风方案。该方案除包含对称台风环流外,也考虑了非对称风的作用。使用双向移动套网格模式作的试验预报结果表明,初始场中引入人造台风后能明显提高径预报的水平。 相似文献
66.
NATURE OF PRECIPITATION AND ACTIVITY OF CUMULUS CONVECTION DURING THE 1991 MEIYU SEASON OF CHANGJIANG-HUAIHE RIVER BASIN 下载免费PDF全文
Seasonal variability regarding the nature of precipitation and the activity of cumulus convectionduring the 1991 Meiyu season of Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin(Jianghuai)has been investigatedby calculating apparent heat source/apparent moisture sink and analyzing TBB(cloud-topblackbody radiation temperature)data.It is found that three periods of strong ascending motionduring the Meiyu season lead to three episodes of heavy rain,and the latent heat due to theprecipitation is of the sole heat source of the atmosphere.The nature of precipitation showsdistinct seasonal variability,from frontal precipitation of the first episode to the extremely strongconvective precipitation of the third episode.TBB field of East Asia may well reflect not only theintensity of convection and rainfall,but also the movement of rain belt and convection belt.In thewhole Meiyu season.convection belt mainly stays in Jianghuai.but may shift within the domain ofEast Asia.Its locating in Jianghuai or not determines the maintenance or break of Meiyu.In thethird episode,the narrow convection belt over Jianghuai is mainly caused by southwest monsoonwhich takes moist and convective atmosphere from tropical ocean. 相似文献
67.
Ikawa Hiroki Kuwagata Tsuneo Haginoya Shigenori Ishigooka Yasushi Ono Keisuke Maruyama Atsushi Sakai Hidemitsu Fukuoka Minehiko Yoshimoto Mayumi Ishida Sachinobu Chen Charles P. Hasegawa Toshihiro Watanabe Tsutomu 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2021,179(3):447-476
Boundary-Layer Meteorology - Known as the heat-mitigation effect, irrigated rice-paddy fields distribute a large fraction of their received energy to the latent heat during the growing season. The... 相似文献
68.
S. Tsuneta T. Takakura N. Nitta K. Ohki K. Makishima T. Murakami M. Oda Y. Ogawara 《Solar physics》1983,86(1-2):313-321
This paper presents studies of the vertical structure of hard X-ray flares for two contrasting examples. The 1981 May 13 flare contained a coronal hard X-ray source which was located above 50000 km above the photosphere. On the other hand, the 1981 July 20 flare had a chromospheric double source structure in the initial phase. Electrons in this case were able to stream freely from the corona to the chromosphere. 相似文献
69.
Observations were made to study the oceanographic structure of the dense water formation and its outflow from Funka Bay, Hokkaido, during early spring. The winter Funka Bay water, which was transformed from the warm water of the Tsugaru Current, due to cooling and deep convection during the winter, flowed from the bay, while forming a frontal structure. The width and inclination of the density front were about 3 n. miles and 1.4×10?2, respectively, during the early spring of 1982. These values roughly coincided with calculated values of 2.6 n. miles and 1.7×10?2 using the sill flow model proposed by Whiteheadet al. (1974). Observed current speeds and directions were also similar to those predicted by the model. The renewal time of bay water with this flow was estimated to be about 51 days, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. 相似文献
70.
Robert Frouin Pierre-Yves Deschamps Lydwine Gross-Colzy Hiroshi Murakami Takashi Y. Nakajima 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(3):331-337
Top-of-atmosphere reflectance measured above the ocean in the visible and near infrared, after correction for molecular scattering,
may be linearly combined to retrieve surface chlorophyll-a abundance directly, without explicit correction for aerosol scattering
and absorption. The coefficients of the linear combination minimize the perturbing effects, which are modeled by a polynomial,
and they do not depend on geometry. The technique has been developed for Global Imager (GLI) spectral bands centered at 443,
565, 667, and 866 nm, but it is applicable to other sets of spectral bands. Theoretical performance is evaluated from radiation-transfer
simulations for a wide range of geophysical and angular conditions. Using a polynomial with exponents of −2, −1, and 0 to
determine the coefficients, the residual influence of the atmosphere on the linear combination is within ±0.001 in most cases,
allowing chlorophyll-a abundance to be retrieved with a root-mean-squared (RMS) error of 8.4% in the range 0.03–3 mgm−3. Application of the method to simulated GLI imagery shows that estimated and actual chlorophyll-a abundance are in agreement,
with an average RMS difference of 32.1% and an average bias of −2.2% (slightly lower estimated values). The advantage of the
method resides in its simplicity, flexibility, and rapidity of execution. Knowledge of aerosol amount and type is avoided.
There is no need for look-up tables of aerosol optical properties. Accuracy is adequate, but depends on the polynomial representation
of the perturbing effects and on the bio-optical model selected to relate the linear combination to chlorophyll-a abundance.
The sensitivity of the linear combination to chlorophyll-a abundance can be optimized, and the method can be extended to the
retrieval of other bio-optical variables. 相似文献