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21.
In this paper, we have constructed the cosmological model of the universe in f(R, T) theory of gravity in a Bianchi type \(\mathrm{VI}_h\) universe for the functional f(R, T) in the form \(f(R,T)=\mu R+\mu T\), where R and T are respectively Ricci scalar and trace of energy momentum tensor and \(\mu \) is a constant. We have made use of the hyperbolic scale factor to find the physical parameters and metric potentials defined in the space-time. The physical parameters are constrained from different representative values to build up a realistic cosmological model aligned with the observational behaviour. The state finder diagnostic pair is found to be in the acceptable range. The energy conditions of the model are also studied. 相似文献
22.
Md. Nurul Haider Masahiko Nishimura Minoru Ijichi Ching-chia Yang Wataru Iwasaki Kazuhiro Kogure 《Journal of Oceanography》2018,74(2):197-207
Habitability is defined as an ability of an organism to inhabit different environments. Habitability of organisms, however, cannot be inferred from analyses such as a whole genome or community structures. A recently developed database, the MetaMetaDB, gives us information from what kind of environments one particular 16S rRNA sequence data has ever been obtained, and thus enables us to infer the habitability of the bacterium in question. In order to check the applicability of this database to study the habitability of aquatic bacteria, samples collected at two Naka River stations, one estuarine station from Naka River Estuary, two coastal stations at Oarai in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan and one station in the Kuroshio Current of the western North Pacific were examined. The phylotypes were tracked against the MetaMetaDB and it was reasonably found that the low-salinity stations were dominated by sequences with “freshwater and groundwater”, “human” and “wastewater” habitat identities, while the high-salinity stations were dominated by those with a “marine” identity. The phylotypes of low-salinity stations with a particular habitat identity were absent or rare in the high-salinity stations and vice versa. The MetaMetaDB also showed that sequences of Cyanobacteria or related phylogenetic groups may be present in the human gut, as well as the probable distribution of the relatives (ancestors/descendants/siblings) of some bacteria. These overall findings proved that the MetaMetaDB is useful as a new tool to infer microbial habitability and it gives us new information on the possible origin and ecology of microorganisms in the environments. 相似文献
23.
Eutrophication and associated occurrence of hypoxic condition could cause significant damage to marine ecosystems, resulting in considerable economic losses to fisheries and aquaculture and is a major source of stress that fish often have to contend with in order to survive. This problem is likely to be exacerbated in the coming years, since the wastewater treatment facilities is unlikely to catch up with increasing human activities. Moreover, large-scale reclamation projects in coastal areas have recently been increased, and these activities certainly have adverse impacts on water quality and fisheries resources. Coastal construction has a significant role in the development of hypoxic water by changing the current and mixing pattern of water. Changes in species composition and decreases in species richness and diversity have been well documented in hypoxic systems. Hypoxia could cause endocrine disruption in fish and eliminate populations of sensitive species. Shallow coastal areas are of great importance for the special nursery of fish and shellfish and land reclamation in these areas cause strong damage to fisheries. Although the tolerance of aquatic life to hypoxia is known, there is no information about the mortality of fish caused by hypoxia because fish can swim around it and no modeling study has yet been carried out. Criteria that influence the movement of fish are: amounts of food, water temperature and depth, dissolved oxygen concentration and nature of seabed. However, among these, water temperature and dissolved oxygen are the most crucial parameters that affect survival, movement and growth of fish. In this paper, a model of fish preference and mortality for environmental conditions was developed and applied to the Hakata Bay where hypoxic water occurs every summer. For the purpose of this study, a field survey of fish behavior under hypoxic water was conducted by releasing marbled sale (Pleuronectes yokohamae) in the inner bay. Moreover, a series of preference tests for DO, salinity and temperature in the laboratory were conducted in order to decide preference parameters of fish. Using the results of both field and laboratory studies, a sub-module of fish preference and mortality was coded within an integrated hydrothermal and eutrophication model (CHEM) to predict the behavior and mortality of marbled sale when hypoxia would occur in the bay. The model could reasonably simulate the behavior of the fish under hypoxia. An assessment of the impact of the ongoing land reclamation project of about 401 ha in the Wajiro tidal flat zones at the head of the bay on the fisheries resources was also conducted using the model. The results showed that the artificial land lowered the mortality rate of fish under hypoxic condition in the bay during the summer period. 相似文献
24.
25.
T. M. Hunse K. Md. Najeeb K. Rajarajan M. Muthukkannan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,75(5):704-708
Presence of high levels of Radon (222Rn) gas was reported from groundwater in Bangalore. To ascertain the ground reality and the nature of the hazards, if any,
a study was conducted by the Central Ground Water Board, Bangalore in and around Bangalore city. Groundwater samples from
borewells and a dug well were collected and analysed. Available data on Radon gas from both groundwater and surface water
sources were also compared. The presence of Radon gas and its concentration in groundwater were examined with respect to geology
and well depths. The results are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
26.
The present paper introduces a genetic algorithm-based optimization technique to calibrate a nonlinear strain hardening–softening constitutive model for soils using five material parameters. The efficiency of the proposed technique is analyzed through the use of different GA techniques. The effects of elitism, crossover, and mutation, as well as population size, on the performance of the conventional GAs for this problem are investigated. Micro-genetic algorithms (mGAs) are chosen and tested for different population sizes. The mGAs with a population size of five yields the optimal parameter values after fewer function evaluations and capture the overall simulated or experimental behavior at every point in stress–strain and strain paths in triaxial compression. The proposed calibration technique is validated through comparison with the traditional calibration technique. 相似文献
27.
Jiban K. Sarker Mehedi Ahmed Ansary Md. S. Rahman A. M. M. Safiullah 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(3):643-653
Mymensingh municipality lies in one of the most earthquake-prone areas of Bangladesh. The town was completely destroyed during
the Great Indian Earthquake of 12 June 1897, for which the surface-wave magnitude was 8.1. In this study the 1897 Great Indian
Earthquake was used as a scenario event for developing seismic microzonation maps for Mymensingh. For microzonation purposes
SPT data from 87 boreholes were collected from different relevant organizations. To verify those data ten boreholes of depth
up to 30 m were drilled. Intensity values obtained for different events were calibrated against attenuation laws to check
applicability to the study area. Vibration characteristics at diverse points of the study area were estimated by employing
the one-dimensional wave-propagation software SHAKE. SHAKE discretizes the soil profile into several layers and uses an iterative
technique to represent the non-linear behavior of the soil by adjusting the material properties at each iteration step. The
required input information includes depth, shear wave velocity, damping factor, and unit weight of each soil layer. The liquefaction
resistance factor and the resulting liquefaction potential were estimated to quantify the severity of liquefaction. Quantification
of secondary site effects and the weighting scheme for combining the various seismic hazards were heuristic, based on judgment
and expert opinion. 相似文献
28.
Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in a coastal area of Southwest Bangladesh 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in a coastal region (Khulna) of southwest Bangladesh
have been evaluated based on different indices for drinking and irrigation uses. Water samples were collected from 26 boreholes
and analyzed for major cations and anions. Other physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total
dissolved solids were also measured. Most groundwater is slightly alkaline and largely varies in chemical composition, e.g.
EC ranges from 962 to 9,370 μs/cm. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ = Cl− > HCO3
− > SO4
2− > NO3
−. Interpretation of analytical data shows two major hydrochemical facies (Na+–K+–Cl−–SO4
2− and Na+–K+–HCO3
−) in the study area. Salinity, total hardness, and sodium percentage (Na%) indicate that most of the groundwater samples are
not suitable for irrigation as well as for domestic purposes and far from drinking water standard. Results suggest that the
brackish nature in most of the groundwaters is due to the seawater influence and hydrogeochemical processes. 相似文献
29.
K M Azam Chowdhury Wensheng Jiang Guimei Liu Md Kawser Ahmed Shaila Akhter 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(4):23-39
In the northern Bay of Bengal, the existence of intense temperature inversion during winter is a widely accepted phenomenon. However, occurrences of temperature inversion during other seasons and the spatial distribution within and adjacent to the Bay of Bengal are not well understood. In this study, a higher resolution spatiotemporal variation of temperature inversion and its mechanisms are examined with mixed layer heat and salt budget analysis utilizing long-term Argo(2004 to 2020) and RAMA(2... 相似文献
30.
Md. Afroz Ansari Prosanta K. Khan Virendra M. Tiwari Jayashree Banerjee 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(6):1681-1697
Researchers ubiquitously noted that the common processes of partitioning oblique convergence in response to drag from the trench-hanging plate simultaneously produce radial slips, along-strike translation, and extension parallel to the deformation front. Here, we focus on the area between Nepal and Sikkim–Darjeeling Himalayas, and carry out gravity and finite-element stress modeling of the strike-orthogonal converging Indian lithosphere. We delineate the geometries of different layers and their interfaces through gravity modeling. The optimum model parameters along with rheological parameters of different layers are used for finite-element modeling. Finite-element modeling is done with boundary conditions of keeping the upper surface free and rigidly fixing the section of the northern boundary below the Main Himalayan Thrust. We impart on its frontal section an amount of 6 × 1012 N/m force, equivalent to resistive force of the Himalayan–Tibet system, and analyze the maximum and minimum compressive stress fields evolved in the lithosphere. We testify our observations with earthquake database and other geophysical and geological studies. We note that an increasing flexing of the Indian lithosphere beyond the Main Boundary Thrust becomes maxima between the Main Central Thrust and South Tibetan Detachment in both the areas; however, more steepening of the Moho boundary is identified in the Sikkim–Darjeeling Himalaya. This abrupt change in lithospheric geometry beneath the Greater Himalaya is likely correlated with the sharp elevation changes in the topography. Although the highest seismicity concentration is dominant in this zone, the Lesser and the Tethys Himalayas in Sikkim–Darjeeling area also record relatively fair seismic activity. More compressive stress field in different layers right within the sharp bending zone supports this observation. We thus propose that the sharp bending zone beneath the Greater Himalaya is suffering maximum deformation, and the deformation is continued in the mantle too. We also identify both right-lateral shear and radial vergence slip, which are presumably associated with the general dynamics and kinematics of the Himalaya. 相似文献