SELDI-TOF MS analysis of alkylphenol exposed Atlantic cod with phenotypic variation in gonadosomatic index     

Nilsen MM  Meier S  Andersen OK  Hjelle A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2507-2511

Proteomics is a new and promising approach to evaluate potential effects of pollution. In order to investigate if there is a direct link between the protein expression profiles obtained by the SELDI-TOF MS technology and effects observed at the organism level in fish, plasma samples from unexposed and 20 ppb alkylphenol exposed female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with high phenotypic variation in gonadosomatic index (GSI) were analyzed by SELDI-TOF MS. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that the major proteomic variation present in the dataset (i.e. 23.6%) could be significantly correlated to the individual variation in GSI, which indicates that SELDI-TOF MS data can reflect effects observed at higher levels of organization in fish. Further exploration of the other principal components revealed an additional proteomic pattern specific for the alkylphenol exposed females. Hence, this study supports the usefulness of SELDI-TOF MS as a proteomic tool in ecotoxicological research.  相似文献   

One-dimensional models of shear wave velocity for the eastern Mediterranean obtained from the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities and tectonic implications   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

T. Meier  K. Dietrich  B. Stöckhert  H.-P. Harjes 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,156(1):45-58

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Spatial and temporal variability of urban tree canopy temperature during summer 2010 in Berlin, Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fred Meier  Dieter Scherer 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,110(3):373-384

Trees form a significant part of the urban vegetation. Their meteorological and climatological effects at all scales in urban environments make them a flexible tool for creating a landscape oriented to the needs of an urban dweller. This study aims at quantifying the spatio-temporal patterns of canopy temperature (T _C) and canopy-to-air temperature difference (?T _C) in relation to meteorological conditions and tree-specific (physiological) and urban site-specific characteristics. We observed T _C and ?T _C of 67 urban trees (18 species) using a high-resolution thermal-infrared (TIR) camera and meteorological measurements in the city of Berlin, Germany. TIR images were recorded at 1-min intervals over a period of 2?months from 1st July to 31st August 2010. The results showed that ?T _C depends on tree species, leaf size and fraction of impervious surfaces. Average canopy temperature was nearly equal to air temperature. Species-specific maximum ?T _C varied between 1.9?±?0.3?K (Populus nigra), 2.9?±?0.3?K (Quercus robur), 3.2?±?0.5?K (Fagus sylvatica), 3.9?±?1.0?K (Platanus acerifolia), 4.6?±?0.2?K (Acer pseudoplatanus), 5.0?±?0.5?K (A. platanoides) and 5.6?±?1.1?K (A. campestre). We analysed ?T _C for a hot and dry period (A) and a warm and wet period (B). The range of species-specific ?T _C at noon was nearly equal, i.e. 4.4?K for period A and 4.2?K for period B. Trees surrounded by high fraction of impervious surfaces showed consistently higher ?T _C. Knowledge of species-specific canopy temperature and the impacts of urban structures are essential in order to optimise the benefits from trees in cities. However, comprehensive evaluation and optimisation should take the full range of climatological effects into account.  相似文献   

Regional ocean climate simulations with a 3D ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea. Part 1: model experiments and results for temperature and salinity     

H. Meier 《Climate Dynamics》2002,19(3-4):237-253

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Lyman-α imagery of Comet Kohoutek     

G.R. Carruthers  C.B. Opalt  T.L. Page  R.R. Meier  D.K. Prinz 《Icarus》1974,23(4):526-537

Electrographic imagery of Comet Kohoutek in the 1100–1500 Å wavelength range was obtained from a sounding rocket on January 8, 1974, and from the Skylab space station on 13 occasions between November 26, 1973 and February 2, 1974. These images are predominantly due to Lyman-α (1216 Å) emission from the hydrogen coma of the comet.The rocket pictures have been calibrated for absolute sensitivity and a hydrogen production rate has been determined. However, the Skylab camera suffered degradation of its sensitivity during the mission, and its absolute sensiti vity fbservation ofn only be estimated by comparison of the comet images with those taken by the rocket camera, with imagery of the geocoronal Lyman-α glow, of the moon in reflected Lyman-α, and of ultraviolet-bright stars. The rocket and geocoronal comparisons are used to derive a preliminary, qualitative history of the development of the cometary hydrogen coma and the associated hydrogen production rate.  相似文献   

Modeling the pathways and ages of inflowing salt- and freshwater in the Baltic Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

H.E. Markus Meier   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):610

A three-dimensional, eddy-permitting ocean circulation model with implemented bottom boundary layer model and flux-corrected transport scheme is used to calculate the pathways and ages of various water masses in the Baltic Sea. The agreement between simulated and observed temperature and salinity profiles of the period 1980–2004 is satisfactory. Especially the renewal of the deep water in the Baltic proper by gravity-driven dense bottom flows is better simulated than in previous versions of the model. Based upon these model results details of the mean circulation are analyzed. For instance, it is found that after the major Baltic inflow in January 2003 saline water passing the Słupsk Furrow flows directly towards northeast along the eastern slope of the Hoburg Channel. However, after the baroclinic summer inflow in August/September 2002 the deep water flow spreads along the southwestern slope of the Gdansk Basin. Further, the model results show that the patterns of mean vertical advective fluxes across the halocline that close the large-scale vertical circulation are rather patchy. Mainly within distinct areas are particles of the saline inflow water advected vertically from the deep water into the surface layer. To analyze the time scales of the circulation mean ages of various water masses are calculated. It is found that at the sea surface of the Bornholm Basin, Gotland Basin, Bothnian Sea, and Bothnian Bay the mean ages associated to inflowing water from Kattegat amount to 26–30, 28–34, 34–38, and 38–42 years, respectively. Largest mean sea surface ages of more than 30 years associated to the freshwater of the rivers are found in the central Gotland Basin and Belt Sea. At the bottom the mean ages are largest in the western Gotland Basin and amount to more than 36 years. In the Baltic proper vertical gradients of ages associated to the freshwater inflow are smaller than in the case of inflowing saltwater from Kattegat indicating an efficient recirculation of freshwater in the Baltic Sea.  相似文献   

Global crustal thickness from neural network inversion of surface wave data     

Ueli Meier  rew Curtis  Jeannot Trampert 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(2):706-722

We present a neural network approach to invert surface wave data for a global model of crustal thickness with corresponding uncertainties. We model the a posteriori probability distribution of Moho depth as a mixture of Gaussians and let the various parameters of the mixture model be given by the outputs of a conventional neural network. We show how such a network can be trained on a set of random samples to give a continuous approximation to the inverse relation in a compact and computationally efficient form. The trained networks are applied to real data consisting of fundamental mode Love and Rayleigh phase and group velocity maps. For each inversion, performed on a 2°× 2° grid globally, we obtain the a posteriori probability distribution of Moho depth. From this distribution any desired statistic such as mean and variance can be computed. The obtained results are compared with current knowledge of crustal structure. Generally our results are in good agreement with other crustal models. However in certain regions such as central Africa and the backarc of the Rocky Mountains we observe a thinner crust than the other models propose. We also see evidence for thickening of oceanic crust with increasing age. In applications, characterized by repeated inversion of similar data, the neural network approach proves to be very efficient. In particular, the speed of the individual inversions and the possibility of modelling the whole a posteriori probability distribution of the model parameters make neural networks a promising tool in seismic tomography.  相似文献   

U-Th-Pb and Th/U disequilibrium isotope systematics: Precise accessory mineral chronology and melt evolution tracing in the Alpine Bergell intrusion     

Felix Oberli  Martin Meier  Claudio L. Rosenberg 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(11):2543-2560

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Assessing streams in Germany with benthic invertebrates: selection of candidate metrics   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Daniel Hering  Carolin Meier  Claudia Rawer-Jost  Christian K. Feld  Regina Biss  Armin Zenker  Andrea Sundermann  Susanne Lohse  Jürgen Bhmer 《Limnologica》2004,34(4):398-415

The process of selecting invertebrate-based candidate metrics for the German stream assessment system is described. The aim was to identify metrics indicating degradation types other than organic pollution and acidification (“general degradation”). For 18 out of 24 German stream types a data base of roughly 2,000 benthic invertebrate samples was generated; for each sample 79 metrics were calculated. Data on land use in the catchment were compiled for all sampling sites, together with data on hydromorphology for many sampling sites. Hydromorphological and land use parameters, which describe a clear gradient in the data sets were identified by Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS). Correlation analyses between land use/hydromorphological parameters and metric results were calculated separately for the individual stream types. Among those metrics best indicating catchment- and hydromorphological degradation in the majority of stream types are: proportion of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera; proportion of Plecoptera (mainly suited for mountain streams); number of Plecoptera taxa; proportion of xenosaprobic taxa; proportion of epirhithral preferring taxa. Differences of metric correlations between stream types and between degradation types are discussed, leading to a list of candidate metrics for assessing German streams.  相似文献   

Flameless atomic-absorption determination of gold in geological materials     

A.L. Meier 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1980,13(1):77-85

Gold in geologic material is dissolved using a solution of hydrobromic acid and bromine, extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone, and determined using an atomic-absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace atomizer. A comparison of results obtained by this flameless atomic-absorption method on U.S. Geological Survey reference rocks and geochemical samples with reported values and with results obtained by flame atomic-absorption shows that reasonable accuracy is achieved with improved precision. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method allows acquisition of data on the distribution of gold at or below its crustal abundance.  相似文献