On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, and oil spilled from the breached well-head for months, leading to an unprecedented environmental disaster with implications for behavioral health. Disasters are thought to affect behavioral health, and social capital is thought to ameliorate behavioral health impacts after disasters, though empirical evidence is mixed. One possible explanation for the discrepancy in findings relates to the activation of social capital in different contexts. In a disaster context, certain types of social capital may be more beneficial than others, and these relationships could differ between those directly affected by the disaster and those who are unaffected. The goal of this study is to assess the relationships between different forms of social capital (community engagement, trust, and social support) on different behavioral health indicators (depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse) using data from the first wave of the Survey of Trauma, Resilience, and Opportunity among Neighborhoods in the Gulf (STRONG), a probabilistic household telephone survey fielded 6 years after the onset of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). We employ a structural equation modeling approach where multiple social capital and behavioral health variables can be included and their pathways tested in the same model, comparing the results between those who reported experiencing disruptions related to the DHOS and those who did not. Among those who experienced the DHOS, social support was negatively associated with both depression (β?=???0.085; p?=?0.011) and anxiety (β?=???0.097; p?=?0.003), and among those who did not experience the DHOS, social support was positively associated with alcohol misuse (β?=?0.067; p?=?0.035). When controlling for the other social capital variables, social support was the only form of social capital with a significant relationship to behavioral health, and these relationships differ based on whether or not a person experienced the disaster. This suggests that social capital does not have a uniformly ameliorative relationship with behavioral health in the aftermath of disasters.
To examine the roles of settlement and early postsettlement processes in the recruitment of the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria, abundance of recent settlers and juveniles was monitored over two field seasons at four locations on the northern shore
of the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick, Canada. Results showed great spatial and temporal variability in patterns of settlement.
M. arenaria appeared to become highly vulnerable to postsettlement processes at a shell length of approximately 2 mm. Postsettlement
processes drastically altered patterns of settlement less than 1 year after they were established. Results suggest that local
factors at specific sites within the Bay of Fundy, such as hydrodynamics, larval behavior, and early postsettlement events,
likely control the abundance of juvenile clams. Additionally, postsettlement events are extremely important in shaping M. arenaria populations in this area. Very few mature adult clams greater than 50 mm in shell length were found at any sampling sites,
and no relationship was found between abundance of setters and density of juveniles and adults. 相似文献
This study illustrates how national immigration policy relegates undocumented immigrant children to spaces of liminal citizenship, which shape their aspirations for higher education. Recognizing the power of migrant narratives, and the importance of privileging youths’ voices through children's geographies, we present the narratives of undocumented high school students from several rural North Carolina communities. Despite various barriers facing undocumented students, most have high academic aspirations. Students construct new forms of citizenship, legitimating their claims to higher education access through their achievement. Their liminal status, however, contributes to the formation of conflicted, “in-between” identities. 相似文献
