基于XML的WebGIS体系结构   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

龙明  王晓明冯猛 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(2):121-123

针对WebGIS中存在的地理空间数据语义共享问题，在分析XML和GML特点的基础上，论述了基于XML构架WebGIS系统的方案和应用方式，并详析了实现构架的相关技术。  相似文献   

Including spatial distribution in a data‐driven rainfall‐runoff model to improve reservoir inflow forecasting in Taiwan          下载免费PDF全文

Meng‐Jung Tsai  Robert J. Abrahart  Nick J. Mount  Fi‐John Chang 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1055-1070

Multi‐step ahead inflow forecasting has a critical role to play in reservoir operation and management in Taiwan during typhoons as statutory legislation requires a minimum of 3‐h warning to be issued before any reservoir releases are made. However, the complex spatial and temporal heterogeneity of typhoon rainfall, coupled with a remote and mountainous physiographic context, makes the development of real‐time rainfall‐runoff models that can accurately predict reservoir inflow several hours ahead of time challenging. Consequently, there is an urgent, operational requirement for models that can enhance reservoir inflow prediction at forecast horizons of more than 3 h. In this paper, we develop a novel semi‐distributed, data‐driven, rainfall‐runoff model for the Shihmen catchment, north Taiwan. A suite of Adaptive Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System solutions is created using various combinations of autoregressive, spatially lumped radar and point‐based rain gauge predictors. Different levels of spatially aggregated radar‐derived rainfall data are used to generate 4, 8 and 12 sub‐catchment input drivers. In general, the semi‐distributed radar rainfall models outperform their less complex counterparts in predictions of reservoir inflow at lead times greater than 3 h. Performance is found to be optimal when spatial aggregation is restricted to four sub‐catchments, with up to 30% improvements in the performance over lumped and point‐based models being evident at 5‐h lead times. The potential benefits of applying semi‐distributed, data‐driven models in reservoir inflow modelling specifically, and hydrological modelling more generally, are thus demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Nutrients in Different Types of Alpine Grassland     

WANG Fang  HE Yongtao  FU Gang  NIU Ben  ZHANG Haorui  LI Meng  WANG Zhipeng  WANG Xiangtao  ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):290-297

Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients.  相似文献   

Psammoma bodies in two types of human ovarian tumours: a mineralogical study     

Meng Fanlu  Wang Changqiu  Li Yan  Lu Anhuai  Mei Fang  Liu Jianying  Du Jingyun  Zhang Yan 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2015,109(3):357-365

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移动测量系统宽幅影像的几何拼接与量测     

乌萌  张晓东  段渭超 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(4):415-420

研究了移动测量系统宽幅影像的拼接与量测算法。通过建立三幅影像柱面全景投影的几何关系,能够直接拼接完成宽幅影像。利用宽幅影像和原始影像间反投影变换关系以及三幅原始影像的同、异步立体像对,可建立宽幅影像与物方空间坐标间一一对应关系,从而实现宽幅影像目标的量测算法。宽幅影像的投影拼接和量测实验表明,利用柱面全景投影拼接得到宽幅影像的方法可应用于移动测量平台宽幅影像序列的拼接;在原始影像具备同步立体像对的条件下,宽幅影像量测的绝对精度可达1 m以内,相对精度可达0.2 m以内,满足城市环境实景目标量测的精度需求。  相似文献   

祁连山北缘深部弧形褶皱—逆冲带及其油气勘探前景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杜文博  张进江  肖毓祥  张波  李晓军  侯秀林  王盟  李景  程光瑾 《地质科学》2016,(4):1059-1073

祁连山北缘-河西走廊西段位于青藏高原东北缘,是新生代陆内构造活动最强烈地区。基于野外构造观测、横跨山前及前陆盆地区的三维地震构造分析与解释,结合地震地质属性提取分析,识别出祁连山北缘-酒泉盆地西段窟窿山-柳沟庄带隐伏的弧形褶皱-逆冲带,该弧形构造是造山带基底逆冲构造楔体垂向差异抬升与向前陆方向差异运动的产物;该弧形结构控制本区下白垩统地层裂缝发育、分布与破裂强度,并与本区先期断裂、裂缝带产生构造叠加效应,形成弧形构造“中央强裂缝发育带”,是形成构造裂缝型油气藏的有利区域。  相似文献   

Mechanism of Rock Burst Occurrence in Specially Thick Coal Seam with Rock Parting     

Jian-chao Wang  Fu-xing Jiang  Xiang-jun Meng  Xu-you Wang  Si-tao Zhu  Yu Feng 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(5):1953-1965

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基于FY3A/MERSI资料分析广东省气溶胶光学厚度分布   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

邓玉娇  胡猛  林楚勇  曹静 《气象》2016,42(1):61-66

利用国产极轨气象卫星FY3A的MERSI AOD产品分析2010—2013年广东省气溶胶光学厚度的分布规律。结果表明:MERSI AOD产品与地面太阳光度计实测数据的相关系数为0.72,其平均绝对值误差为0.12,均方根误差为0.15,数据精度可满足研究需要;从AOD的空间分布看,珠三角西翼东翼山区五市,其中佛山市、东莞市、中山市为广东省AOD均值最高的地区,梅州市、河源市为广东省AOD均值最低的地区;从AOD的时间分布看,2010—2013年间,AOD呈现先升高后降低的趋势,2011年为拐点,与此同时,AOD还表现出明显的季节变化特征,春季为AOD高值期,夏季、秋季次之,冬季最低。  相似文献   

气候变化情景下黄淮海区域热量资源及夏玉米温度适宜度   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李萌  申双和  吕厚荃  韩艳  褚荣浩  沙修竹 《大气科学学报》2016,39(3):391-399

利用黄淮海区域90个站点1971—2000年逐日气象资料以及国家气候中心发布的未来气候变化情景(A1B)下区域气候模式(Reg CM3)模拟的黄淮海区域1951—2070年0.25°×0.25°格点气象资料,结合夏玉米主要生育期对温度的需求,构建了黄淮海区域的温度适宜度和变异系数模型,并对1951—2070年黄淮海区域热量资源、夏玉米主要生育期的温度适宜度及其变异系数的时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:1)黄淮海区域≥10℃积温和80%保证率下日平均温度≥10℃的初日均呈现由北向南依次增加的趋势,且随时间推移,分别呈增加和提前趋势。2)黄淮海区域夏玉米播种—出苗期的温度适宜度随时间整体呈逐渐上升的变化趋势、其变异系数随时间呈降—升—降的变化趋势;出苗—抽雄期的温度适宜度随时间呈先降后升的变化趋势、其变异系数呈降—升—降—升的变化趋势;抽雄—成熟期的温度适宜度空间上呈现2010年前北低南高、未来情景下中部低四周高的分布趋势,时间上呈2010年前稳定、未来情景下先降后升的变化趋势,其变异系数呈相反变化趋势;3)黄淮海区域夏玉米温度适宜度及其变异系数从播种—出苗期—出苗—抽雄期—抽雄—成熟期均呈反相位的变化关系。  相似文献   

南京市灰霾天气的长时间变化特征及其气候原因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

吴丹  于亚鑫  夏俊荣  龚宇麟  刘刚  李凤英  杨孟  曹双 《大气科学学报》2016,39(2):232-242

以南京市1954—2012年的逐日气象数据分析南京市灰霾天的长时间变化规律并从气候角度探讨其变化原因。南京市的霾日数近60 a来呈现明显上升趋势,从20世纪50年代的40 d/a已增加至21世纪的230 d/a左右,气象行业标准界定的霾日与人工观测的霾日长期变化趋势一致,前者在南京市具有较好的适用性。南京市雾霾混合日呈现出先增加后下降的趋势,其对应的相对湿度在不断降低,这可能是雾霾日向霾日转换,雾霾日数降低而霾日数增多的关键因素。南京地区能见度不断降低,近30 a里约下降8.4 km,霾日数与能见度相关系数高达-0.91,随着能见度的降低,灰霾天数几乎线性增加。南京地区的年平均相对湿度在1985年以后大幅降低,已从约80%下降至68%左右,湿度与霾日的相关系数为-0.72,随着湿度的降低,霾日呈上升趋势。南京年平均温度1985年后明显上升,升高了1.8℃,其中冬季上升幅度最大,夏季上升幅度最小;年均温度与霾日数呈现出明显正相关,和相对湿度呈现明显负相关,温度的升高将造成相对湿度的降低,进而造成霾日增多。南京的年平均风速1978年后不断降低,到20世纪末约降低1.5 m/s,风速与霾日呈现出显著的负相关,随着平均风速的降低,霾日数不断增多。在全球变暖的大气候背景下,南京市霾的长时间变化受到各种气候因子的影响,能见度、相对湿度、温度和风速都是重要的影响因素。  相似文献