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151.
Bibhash Nath Zsolt Berner Debashis Chatterjee Sukumar Basu Mallik Doris Stüben 《Applied Geochemistry》2008
Aquifer sediments from areas of low- and high-As groundwater were characterized mineralogically and geochemically at a field site in the Nadia district of West Bengal, India. Leaching experiments and selective extraction of the sediments were also carried out to understand the release mechanism of As in the sub-surface. The correlation between measured elements (major, minor and trace) from low- and high-As groundwater areas are only significant for As, Fe and Mn. The borehole lithology and percentage of silt and clay fraction demonstrates the dominance of finer sediments in the high-As aquifer. Multivariate analysis of the geochemical parameters showed the presence of four different mineral phases (heavy-mineral fraction, phyllosilicates/biotite/Fe-oxyhydroxides, carbonates and sulphides) in the sediments. Selective extraction of sediment reveals that amorphous Fe-oxyhydroxide acts as a potential sink for As in the sub-surface. The result is consistent with microbially mediated redox reactions, which are controlled in part by the presence of natural organic matter within the aquifer sediments. The occurrences of As-bearing redox traps, primarily formed of Fe- and Mn-oxides/hydroxides, are also important factors that control the release of As into groundwater at the study site. 相似文献
152.
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Here we investigate the key features of early and late South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset. To carry out the investigation, we select five extreme... 相似文献
153.
Birendra Nath Ghosh Om Pal Singh Khola Ranjan Bhattacharyya Kuldeep Singh Dadhwal Prasant Kumar Mishra 《山地科学学报》2016,13(4):754-762
Plots under conservation tillage may require higher amount of potassium (K) application for augmenting productivity due to its stratification in upper soil layers, thereby reducing K supplying capacity in a medium or long-term period. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment was performed in 2002-2003 and 2006-2007 to study the effect of K and several crop rotations on yield, water productivity, carbon sequestration, grain quality, soil K status and economic benefits derived in maize (Zea mays L)/cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) based cropping system under minimum tillage (MT). All crops recorded higher grain yield with a higher dose of K (120 kg K2O ha-1) than recommended K (40 kg K2O ha-1). The five years’ average yield data showed that higher K application (120 kg K2O ha-1) produced 16.4% (P<0.05) more maize equivalent yield. Cowpea based rotation yielded 14.2% (P<0.05) higher production than maize based rotation. The maximum enhancement was found in cowpea-mustard rotation. Relationship between yield and sustainable indices revealed that only agronomic efficiency of fertilizer input was significantly correlated with yield. Similarly, higher doses of K application not only increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of all crops, but also reduced runoff and soil loss by 16.5% and 15.8% under maize and 23.3% and 19.7% under cowpea cover, respectively. This study also revealed that on an average 16.5% of left over carbon input contributed to soil organic carbon (SOC). Here, cowpea based rotation with the higher K application increased carbon sequestration in soil. Potassium fertilization also significantly improved the nutritional value of harvested grain by increasing the protein content for maize (by 9.5%) and cowpea (by 10.6%). The oil content in mustard increased by 5.0% and 6.0% after maize and cowpea, respectively. Net return also increased with the application of the higher K than recommended K and the trend was similar to yield. Hence, the present study demonstrated the potential yield and profit gains along with resource conservation in the Indian Himalayas due to annual additions of higher amount of K than the recommended dose. The impact of high K application was maximum in the cowpea-mustard rotation. 相似文献
154.
In this study, we examine a long-term increasing trend in subtropical potential vorticity (PV) intrusion events over the Pacific Ocean in relation to the global mean temperature rise, based on multiple reanalysis datasets. The frequency of the PV intrusions is closely related to the upper-tropospheric equatorial westerly duct and the subtropical jet (STJ). An overall strengthening of the westerly duct and weakening of the STJ are found to be driven by the warming-induced strengthening of Walker circulation and regional changes in Hadley circulation on multi-decadal timescale, leading to an increase in the PV intrusion frequency over the tropics. The results are robust in all datasets. The multi-decadal strengthening in the Pacific Walker circulation is consistent with the global mean temperature rise. In this way, the PV intrusions are correlated with the warming related global mean temperuate rise. When the interannual variability of ENSO is removed from the intrusion time series, the long-term trend in PV intrusions due to external forcing associated with anthropogenic warming (global mean temperature rise) becomes clearer. The link between the global mean temperature rise and intrusion frequency is further verified by performing a correlation analysis between the two. The significant (> 95%) correlation coefficient is 0.85, 0.94, 0.84, 0.83, and 0.84 for ERA-40, ERA-Interim, NCEP-NCAR, JRA-55, and JRA-25, respectively. This unequivocally indicates that the global mean temperature rise can explain around 69%–88% of the variance related to the long-term increase in PV intrusion frequency over the Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
155.
S. Sridharan K. Raghunath S. Sathishkumar D. Nath 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(14-15):1139-1146
Rayleigh lidar observations at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) show an enhancement of the nightly mean temperature by 10–15 K at altitudes 70–80 km and of gravity wave potential energy at 60–70 km during the 2009 major stratospheric warming event. An enhanced quasi-16-day wave activity is observed at 50–70 km in the wavelet spectrum of TIMED–SABER temperatures, possibly due to the absence of a critical level in the low-latitude stratosphere because of less westward winds caused by this warming event. The observed low-latitude mesospheric warming could be due to wave breaking, as waves are damped at 80 km. 相似文献
156.
Anirban?BiswasEmail author Arabinda?Das Debasree?Deb Aloke?Ghose Debendra?Nath?Guha Mazumder 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(4):1035-1050
Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen and consumption in low dose may lead to cancer. We estimated the cancer risk of the participants from arsenic endemic regions of West Bengal, India. The probable cancer risk was estimated following the assessment of daily inorganic arsenic intake through drinking water and diets of 20 participants for three consecutive years who had been using low arsenic water in the Indian context (median arsenic concentration in the study Years-I, II and III were 22, 16, 13 µg/l respectively). Probable cancer risk of the population was 2.80 × 10?4, 2.94 × 10?4, 3.12 × 10?4 in the three respective study years (Year-I, II and III); just higher than the US EPA risk level of concern. The arsenic species content of the paired raw, cooked rice and urine was estimated in the as is taken basis. The major diet component, rice contained 72–86% inorganic arsenic whereas urine contains 70% organic arsenic on an average. The cancer risk assessment has been proposed to be modified by inclusion of urine arsenic release, considering the fact of arsenic release through urine. The risk became 1.28 × 10?5, 1.13 × 10?5, 1.01 × 10?5 in the study Year-I, II and III respectively, considering urinary arsenic release, attributed the consideration of urine arsenic release into probable cancer risk estimation. 相似文献
157.
S. Pavithran B. S. Ingole M. Nanajkar C. Raghukumar B. N. Nath A. B. Valsangkar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(6):689-700
The deep sea is well known for its high faunal diversity. But the current interest in its abundant polymetallic nodules, poses
a threat to the little known benthic organisms surviving in this unique environment. The present study is the first attempt
to document the Indian Ocean abyssal benthic diversity of macroinvertebrates and to investigate its relation to the surface
primary production (chl-a), sediment labile organic matter, organic carbon and texture. The present study is based on 87 individuals. Altogether 39
macroinvertebrate genera were obtained from water depths of 4500–5500 m from 23 box cores. Reduction in macrobenthic density
was seen towards the southern latitudes. The area was dominated by deposit feeding macrobenthos. Vertically, the fauna was
distributed down to 30 cm depth, with the highest faunal density in the top 2–5 cm sediment section. The values for population
density were strongly correlated with surface water chl-a and sediment protein, indicating supply of fresh organic matter as a critical factor for maintaining the deep sea benthic
diversity and abundance. 相似文献
158.
F. Kucharski A. A. Scaife J. H. Yoo C. K. Folland J. Kinter J. Knight D. Fereday A. M. Fischer E. K. Jin J. Kröger N.-C. Lau T. Nakaegawa M. J. Nath P. Pegion E. Rozanov S. Schubert P. V. Sporyshev J. Syktus A. Voldoire J. H. Yoon N. Zeng T. Zhou 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(5):615-627
The ability of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), that are forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs),
to simulate the Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) variability on interannual to decadal timescales is analyzed in a multimodel
intercomparison. The multimodel ensemble has been performed within the CLIVAR International “Climate of the 20th Century”
(C20C) Project. This paper is part of a C20C intercomparison of key climate time series. Whereas on the interannual timescale
there is modest skill in reproducing the observed IMR variability, on decadal timescale the skill is much larger. It is shown
that the decadal IMR variability is largely forced, most likely by tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs), but as well by
extratropical and especially Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) related SSTs. In particular there has been a decrease
from the late 1950s to the 1990s that corresponds to a general warming of tropical SSTs. Using a selection of control integrations
from the World Climate Research Programme’s (WCRP’s) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3), it is shown that
the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the twentieth century has not significantly contributed to the observed decadal
IMR variability. 相似文献
159.
P. Sengupta S. K. Nath K. K. S. Thingbaijam S. Mistri 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(3):226-232
The seismicity of a region is implicit of the causal faulting mechanisms and geodynamic diversity of the subsurface regime
nucleating earthquakes of different magnitudes, several of which may be as devastating as ones historically reported in global
perspective of tectonic complexity as in the case of India. Fractal analysis using box-counting method for the major fault
networks across the country estimates fractal dimension, Df, values to be varying between 0.88 and 1.36. The fault segments in parts of northwest Himalayas, northeast India and Indo-Gangetic
plains, are observed to be associated with higher Df values implicating high seismicity rates. On the other hand, low Df values in the peninsular India indicate isolated pattern of the underlying faults. The fractal dimension is observed to be
indicative of predominant faulting types — higher values conforming to thrust faulting mechanism while lower to strike slip
tectonism. 相似文献
160.
A laboratory batch study on arsenic sorption and desorption on guava orchard soils of Baruipur,West Bengal,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sudip Jyoti Sahu Bibhash Nath Sharmi Roy Biswapati Mandal Debashis Chatterjee 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011
Groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As), when extensively used for irrigation, causes potentially long term detrimental effects to surface soils. Such contamination can also directly affect human health when irrigated crops, such as rice, vegetable and fruits, are used for human consumption. Therefore, an understanding of the sorption and desorption behavior of As in surface soils is of high importance, because these processes regulate the bioavailability of As in the soil environment. In this study, we have collected soils from guava orchards of Baruipur, West Bengal, and characterized soil chemistry and batch sorption and desorption behavior in the laboratory. The sorption and desorption behavior of As in the soils were examined using the Langmuir and Freundlich sorption equation. Regression analysis of the soil chemical characteristics and sorption equation parameters were also performed. The results suggest that the sorption behavior of arsenate is highly dependent on soil characteristics, specifically organic carbon, clay and Al2O3 content of the soils. Whereas desorption behavior is critically influenced by the presence of high concentrations of amorphous and/or crystalline Fe2O3 in the soils. Retention of the significant portion of As in the soils (~ 84% of the total) suggests that As in the orchard soils may not be highly bioavailable to plants for uptake. However, more detailed studies will be required to ascertain the role of individual soil components on the As sorption and desorption processes. 相似文献