2003—2012年新疆陆地水储量时空变化     

孙倩  塔西甫拉提&#  特依拜  丁建丽  买买提&#  沙吾提  张飞  姜红涛 《中国沙漠》2014,34(6):1650-1656

利用2003年1月至2012年12月120个月的GRACE数据,基于高斯平滑和平滑滤波手段,辅以TRMM降水量、河网分布、蒸散发、径流等数据,反演了新疆陆地水储量,分析了10年间陆地水储量的时空变化情况.结果表明:2003—2012年新疆地区陆地水储量持续减少,但后半期水储量的减幅有所减缓;陆地水储量具有明显降低趋势的地区范围逐步向新疆东部迁移,水储量具有上升趋势的面积有逐渐增加的倾向,但是这种显著上升趋势所涵盖的面积没有占据研究区的主导地位;GRACE的年周期值和陆地水储量深度值的波动趋势一致;TRMM降水变化趋势与GRACE反演的陆地水变化趋势相辅相成,相互验证.该项研究可为新疆合理用水及缺水地区水资源合理的开发等提供理论依据.  相似文献   

EMM2010模型在中国大陆的精度评估及其适用性     

徐如刚  黎哲君  张玮晶  张毅  谈昕  王雷  袁洁浩  翟洪涛 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,44(3):1018

基于我国大陆最新观测所得的1 302个地磁测点和32个地磁台站磁偏角D、磁倾角I、总强度F的1 334组准确数据,并结合地壳磁异常能谱变化特征,对增强地磁模型(EMM2010)在我国大陆的精度及其适用性进行了定量分析。结果表明：EMM2010模型(D、I、F)在我国大陆的总体精度分别为10.45′、8.08′、112.85 nT  ;东北、华北与新疆地区模型的精度为13.07′、8.90′、130.89 nT ;华南、青藏高原及其东缘地区模型的精度为7.07′、6.65′、81.84 nT;其精度是受模型有限的截断阶数、各区域的磁异常状况和磁测数据的误差等因素共同影响的。EMM2010模型的精度在我国大陆表现出显著的地域分布特征,与磁异常的分布形态及其复杂程度、梯度密切相关,异常越突出,形态越复杂,模型的精度越低。与世界地磁模型(WMM2010)、第11代国际参考地磁场(IGRF11)相比,EMM2010模型在我国大陆的总体精度平均提高了50%,主要原因是模型不仅包含了地球主磁场,同时还包含了地壳磁场。EMM2010模型应用于我国大陆的实例及精度分析表明,模型具有一定的适用性,但有其局限性,不能准确反映出我国大陆的地磁场信息,鉴于模型的精度,建议在EMM2010模型基础上,结合我国最新的各部门的高精度磁测数据,构建我国高精度的地磁场模型。  相似文献   

Water and Wastewater Treatment in Africa – Current Practices and Challenges          下载免费PDF全文

Hongtao Wang  Tao Wang  Bingru Zhang  Fengting Li  Brahima Toure  Isaiah Bosire Omosa  Thomas Chiramba  Mohamed Abdel‐Monem  Mahesh Pradhan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(8):1029-1035

Sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation is an important part of the millennium development goals (MDGs). For most African countries, an extensive effort is needed for the last three remaining years for the achievement of the MDGs, especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Current practices for water and wastewater treatment in Africa are insufficient to ensure safe water and basic sanitation. To address this challenge, joint efforts are needed, including transforming to green economy, innovating technologies, improving operation and maintenance, harvesting energy, improving governance and management, promoting public participation, and establishing water quality standards.  相似文献   

Climate effects of the GlobeLand30 land cover dataset on the Beijing Climate Center climate model simulations     

XueLi Shi  SuPing Nie  WeiMin Ju  Le Yu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(9):1754-1764

Land cover is one of the most basic input elements of land surface and climate models. Currently, the direct and indirect effects of land cover data on climate and climate change are receiving increasing attentions. In this study, a high resolution (30 m) global land cover dataset (GlobeLand30) produced by Chinese scientists was, for the first time, used in the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM) to assess the influences of land cover dataset on land surface and climate simulations. A two-step strategy was designed to use the GlobeLand30 data in the model. First, the GlobeLand30 data were merged with other satellite remote sensing and climate datasets to regenerate plant functional type (PFT) data fitted for the BCC_CSM. Second, the up-scaling based on an area-weighted approach was used to aggregate the fine-resolution GlobeLand30 land cover type and area percentage with the coarser model grid resolutions globally. The GlobeLand30-based and the BCC_CSM-based land cover data had generally consistent spatial distribution features, but there were some differences between them. The simulation results of the different land cover type dataset change experiments showed that effects of the new PFT data were larger than those of the new glaciers and water bodies (lakes and wetlands). The maximum value was attained when dataset of all land cover types were changed. The positive bias of precipitation in the mid-high latitude of the northern hemisphere and the negative bias in the Amazon, as well as the negative bias of air temperature in part of the southern hemisphere, were reduced when the GlobeLand30-based data were used in the BCC_CSM atmosphere model. The results suggest that the GlobeLand30 data are suitable for use in the BCC_CSM component models and can improve the performance of the land and atmosphere simulations.  相似文献   

MODIS_LST与AMSR-E_BT的相关性及地表温度反演     

时洪涛  宋冬梅  单新建  崔建勇  臧琳  沈晨  屈春燕  任鹏  邵红梅  盛辉  吴会胜  宋先月 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(4):564-574

本文以2007年和2008年MODIS每日地表温度（LST）数据及AMSR-E地表亮温（BT）数据为研究对象,结合土地覆盖类型数据,统计分析MODIS_LST与AMSR-E_BT在不同土地覆盖类型、频率和极化方式条件下的相关性。结果表明,频率在18.7、23.8和36.5 GHz的AMSR-E-BT与MODIS_LST的相关性较大,且在垂直极化通道上的相关性较在水平极化上大;不同土地覆盖类型,与MODIS_LST相关性较大所对应的AMSR-E微波通道不同。同时,考虑混合像元问题对相关性的影响,对25种不同地物类型组合下MODIS_LST与AMSR-E-BT的相关性进行统计分析,发现混合像元中地物类型越多,则二者相关性越小。最后,采用多元线性回归分析法,根据不同土地覆盖类型建立反演回归模型,对部分研究区域MODIS-LST进行反演,误差平均在±3.15 K以内,与不考虑下垫面覆盖的模型比较,反演MODIS_LST精度平均提高了1.5 K。  相似文献   

门源6.4级地震前跨断层水准前兆性指标异常与震后变化     

张希  贾鹏  唐红涛  李瑞莎 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(4):283-287

利用2016-01-21门源6.4级地震前祁连山断裂带跨断层短水准观测资料以及震后数天的加密复测结果,综合观测曲线、异常时空演化特征及特征强度指标,分析门源震前断层形变异常及震后变化。结果显示,2015年该断裂带中东段集中、增多且以突跳为主的断层形变短期群体性异常与这次门源强震有一定关联,具有中短期-短期前兆意义;震后复测结果以转折特性为主,同震变形不是很大。  相似文献   

渤南低凸起北坡坡折带特征及其沉积充填响应     

杨悠然  杨香华  朱红涛  李森  官大勇  王昕  曾智伟  雷鸣 《现代地质》2016,30(5):1072-1084

渤南低凸起北部东二下段发育多种类型的沉积体,与坡折带的结构与演化密切相关。东二下段沉积时期,渤南低凸起北部斜坡带发育一个完整的坡折带沉积旋回：坡折带演化早期,即东二下段沉积早期,渤南低凸起北部斜坡上有断裂活动,斜坡坡度较大、起伏不平,发育一些古沟谷与洼地,其内堆积了近源碎屑物,在地震剖面上可见古沟谷内充填杂乱或蠕虫状地震反射体;坡折带演化晚期,即东二下段沉积晚期,伴随着准平原化斜坡被填低补齐,演变为沉积物的搬运通道,碎屑物借道斜坡被带到洼陷内部沉积,发育一系列高角度前积地震反射体。东二下段沉积早期斜坡内部古沟谷充填的杂乱或蠕虫状的地震反射体为近源快速堆积的产物,主要分布在第一坡折带内;东二下段沉积晚期洼陷内部发育的高角度前积地震反射体为远源沉积,主要分布在第二坡折带内。渤南低凸起北部斜坡带发育典型的坡折带演化旋回,空间上不同成因地震异常体从斜坡带向洼陷内转移,共同构成一组具有成因联系的坡折带-沉积复合体。  相似文献   

High slope stability of diversion power system intake of Jinchuan hydropower station     

Liang-qin Tang  Kui Tang  De-xin Nie  Jun-jie Wang  Dong-yan Liu 《山地科学学报》2013,10(6):1109-1117

The excavated height of the left bank slope of the diversion power system intake in Jinchuan hydropower station is about 16o m. The stability and safety of the slope during construction and its operation/utilization become one of the most important geological engineering problems. At the same time, it is also crucial to select a safe and economic excavation gradient for the construction. We studied the problem of how to select a safe and economic slope ratio by analyzing the geological condition of the high slope, including the lithology, slope structure, structural surface and their combinations, rock weathering and unloading, hydrology, and the natural gradient. The study results showed that the use of an excavation gradient larger than the gradient observed during site investigation and the gradient recommended in standards and field practice manuals is feasible. Then, we used the finite element method and rigid limit equilibrium method to evaluate the stability of the excavation slope under natural, rainstorm and earthquake conditions. The calculated results showed that the excavated slope only has limited failure, but its stability is greatly satisfactory. The research findings can be useful in excavation and slope stabilization projects.  相似文献   

中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向*   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郑和荣  高波  彭勇民  聂海宽  杨斐然 《古地理学报》2013,15(5):645-656

通过录井、测井、地震、野外剖面与岩心资料的深入剖析, 探讨中上扬子地区下志留统页岩段的沉积相与总有机碳的关系, 预测页岩气有利勘探区。中上扬子地区下志留统龙马溪组为一套20～268 m厚的黑色页岩夹灰绿色泥质粉砂岩沉积, 在等时框架内自下而上可识别出2个三级层序即SQ1与SQ2, 它们分布稳定、可对比性好。下部层序(SQ1) 的海侵体系域(TST)发育一套有利于页岩气形成的富有机质页岩, 此时期呈现出“北面向次深海敞开、东西南三面受古陆围限、陆棚广布”的沉积格局, 深水陆棚相广泛发育, 面积为255000 km², 平均厚度35 m。受海平面下降的影响, 从下部层序至上部层序水体变浅, 岩相从深水陆棚相黑色页岩向中-浅水陆棚相沙纹层理粉砂质页岩转变。岩相的发育受海平面升降、古陆、海底地形、物源供给等因素的影响, 岩相类型有碳质或硅质或钙质页岩、纹层状页岩、生物扰动粉砂质页岩、沙纹层理的粉砂质页岩、块状砂岩或介壳灰岩薄夹层5类。研究表明, 沉积相对富有机质页岩的形成具有内在的控制作用, 高TOC含量页岩发育于深水陆棚相、中陆棚相和潟湖相中。目前, 已有多口井在龙马溪组页岩获得工业气流, 揭示了该区良好的页岩气勘探前景;综合分析认为涪陵-赤水-仁怀、威远-长宁、鄂西-渝东为中上扬子地区下志留统页岩气勘探的主要方向和有利目标区。  相似文献   

Application of the “Accurate Control Groundwater Resources” Theory in Containment of Groundwater Resource Exhaustion Trend          下载免费PDF全文

Jiansheng Shi  Hongtao Liu  Zhiyuan Liu  Tieliu Chen 《地下水科学与工程》2013,1(1):1-10

The continued sustainable economic development of china depends in part, to the scientific management of China’s precious groundwater resources in the coming years. Groundwater resource scarcity is a common underlying problem across China, in addition, the large-scale groundwater exploitation for human consumption over recent decades has resulted in a series of environmental geological problems. As a result of these problems, the national economics in china have been seriously affected. In order to prevent groundwater resource exhaustion and environmental geology deterioration, “accurate control of groundwater resources (ACGR)” theory and its support system were established in this article, and the related prevention measures of the ACGR theory, such as accurate irrigation, accurate supply water, and accurate subsidies, were proposed. This paper highlights the ACGR theory as an efficient and essential way to achieve the sustainable groundwater resource management, which can be applied to countries such as China.  相似文献