Isotopes and sustainability of ground water resources, North China Plain   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Zongyu C  Zhenlong N  Zhaoji Z  Jixiang Q  Yunju N 《Ground water》2005,43(4):485-493

Ground water in deep confined aquifers is one of the major water resources for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses in the North China Plain. Detailed information on ground water age and recharge is vital for the proper management of these water resources, and to this end, we used carbon 14 of dissolved inorganic carbon and tritium in water to measure the age and determine the recharge areas of ground water in the North China Plain. These isotopic data suggest that most ground water in the piedmont part of the North China Plain is <40 years old and is recharged locally. In contrast, ground water in the central and littoral portions of the North China Plain is 10,000 to 25,000 years old. The delta18O (deltaD) values of this ground water are 1.7 per thousand (11 per thousand) less than that in the piedmont plain ground water and possibly reflect water recharged during a cooler climate during the last glaciation. The temperature of this recharge, based on delta18O values, ranges from 3.7 degrees C to 8.4 degrees C, compared to 12 degrees C to 13 degrees C of modern recharge water. The isotopic data set combined indicates that ground water in the central and littoral part of the North China Plain is being mined under non-steady state conditions.  相似文献   

构造波及其在地震预报中的应用     

冯德益  聂永安  郭瑞芝  吴国有 《大地测量与地球动力学》1993,(1)

本文依据构造力源假说,对可能沿软流圈或构造带传播的四种类型的构造波进行了研究。这四种构造波为:广义瑞利型构造波;广义洛夫型构造波;广义构造导波及构造形变波。采用适当的软流圈模型,对这四种波型的频散关系及存在条件作了研究。理论研究结果表明,在软流圈中这四类波型均可能存在。 在理论研究的基础上,按照构造波所反映的地震前兆的周期(时间)长短,又把它们归为三类。第一类称为长周期的构造波,它反映了强震震中以波的形式迁移,这可以用来解释强震沿某些构造带与纬度方向迁移及其幅射状迁移等现象。第二类是中周期的构造波,它反映了地震前兆的三阶段发展变化。第三类为长周期的形变波,它是一种短周期的构造波,反映了短期或临震前兆。  相似文献   

A study on Emei mantle plume activity and the origin of high-As coal in southwestern Guizhou Province     

聂爱国  谢宏 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(3):238-244

1IntroductionIn recent years deep-going investigations into thestructure of the deep interior of the Earth have provedthat the region of Southwest China where the Emeishanbasalts are widespread is an igneous rock provincecommonly accepted by the internati…  相似文献   

Paleoceanographical records under impact of the Indian monsoon from the Bengal Deep Sea Fan and Ninetyeast Ridge during the last 260 ka     

Fang Nianqiao  Chen Xuefang  Ding Xuan  Hu Chaoyong  Yin Yong  Nie Haogang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(1):351

The orbital and interior climatic cycles can be found both in the Bengal Deep Sea Fan and Ninetyeast Ridge, North Indian Ocean. The periodicity of the Quaternary glacio-eustacy by 100 ka gave a strong impact on the sedimentation in the fan area and the monsoon signals controlled by the obliquity and precession were easily picked up. This paper discusses the possible correlation between the environmental elements on the basis of the ETP phase wheels. A rapid change with short-periods develops during the past 60 ka in the region under study as well. The variability of paleoproductivity has a nonlinear response to the Indian summer monsoon. As contrasted to the Northwest Indian Ocean, here an abundance ofGlobigerina bulloides, a proxy to indicate upwelling current, does not imply so much a promotion of the summer monsoon as its decrease. The record from the ridge area shows in a longer-scale a climatic evolutionary feature corresponding to that of the fan area. A special and great event arising at around 165 kaBP and meaning a catastrophe for ecological environment is reported in this paper. It is also regarded as a result induced by the monsoon.  相似文献   

基于历史地震人员死亡数据的抗致死性水平分级          下载免费PDF全文

聂高众夏朝旭  范熙伟 《地质科学》1958,55(4):1298-1314

基于历史地震中各个烈度的人员死亡率数据,通过拟合分析,发现这些震例从分烈度人员死亡率的角度具有较明显的差别和分组现象,同组内不同震例死亡率的变化率小于50%。分组特征代表了不同组的震例在各个烈度下均有不同的人员死亡率区间,这种分组特点和组间人员死亡率的不同所指示的是这些震例发生区域的抗致死性水平的不同。研究表明：位于同一省份的不同震例的人员死亡率可能出现较大差别,说明即使同省份的不同区域也可能具有不同的抗致死性水平;而相距甚远的不同省份的震例却可能具有大致相同的死亡率,说明一些并不相邻的不同区域也可能具有大致相同的抗致死性水平。本文基于分烈度死亡率拟合直线斜率所代表的死亡率的分组特征,将全国各地的抗致死性水平分为11级,每一级的抗致死性水平都代表了一组分烈度人员死亡率区间。抗致死性水平等级越高,对应的各烈度人员死亡率越低,抗致死性水平与人员死亡率呈现逆相关关系。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下4种锦鸡儿属植物叶脉密度与最低水势关系     

姚广前  魏阳  毕敏慧  聂争飞  方向文 《中国沙漠》2018,38(6):1252-1258

以内蒙古中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla),新疆北部粉刺锦鸡儿(Caragana pruinosa)、多刺锦鸡儿(Caragana spinosa)为材料,探讨4种植物叶脉特征是否存在差异,是否促进干旱胁迫下叶忍耐的最低水势的分化。结果表明:中间锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿叶忍耐的最低水势分别为-6.0 MPa和-6.5 M Pa,粉刺锦鸡儿、多刺锦鸡儿忍耐的最低水势分别为-4.0 M Pa和-4.4 M Pa;最低水势与一级脉密度、二级脉密度无线性关系,但随三级叶脉密度和细脉密度的增加而线性增加;最低水势随一级脉、二级脉、三级脉和细脉导管壁厚与导管腔直径比值的三次方(t/b)3增加而增加,但只与细脉(t/b)3显著线性相关。和新疆分布种相比,内蒙古分布种三级脉和细脉密度的增加,细脉抗塌陷能力的增强促进了叶干旱胁迫下忍耐的最低水势的下降。  相似文献   

Nozzle optimization for water jet propulsion with a positive displacement pump     

杨友胜  谢迎春  聂松林 《中国海洋工程》2014,28(3):409-419

In the water jet propulsion system with a positive displacement （PD） pump, the nozzle, which converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, is one of the key parts exerting great influence on the reactive thrust and the efficiency of the system due to its high working pressure and easily occurring cavitation characteristics. Based on the previous studies of the energy loss and the pressure distribution of different nozzles, a model of water jet reactive thrust, which fully takes the energy loss and the nozzle parameters into consideration, is developed to optimize the nozzle design. Experiments and simulations are carried out to investigate the reactive thrust and the conversion efficiency of cylindrical nozzles, conical nozzles and optimized nozzles. The results show that the optimized nozzles have the largest reactive thrust and the highest energy conversion efficiency under the same inlet conditions. The related methods and conclusions are extended to the study of other applications of the water jet, such as water jet cutting, water mist fire suppression, water injection molding.  相似文献   

南极拜尔斯半岛企鹅粪土沉积物元素地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

马小荣  聂亚光  刘晓东  孙立广 《极地研究》2014,26(2):201-211

拜尔斯半岛位于南极利文斯顿岛最西部,是南设得兰群岛中最大的无冰区。对采自拜尔斯半岛的一根长55 cm的企鹅粪土沉积柱P1进行了元素和同位素地球化学分析。通过对沉积物C/N、有机质来源和δ15N的分析,发现P1沉积剖面中有机质主要来源于企鹅粪。利用富集系数、相关性分析、主成分分析等统计分析方法,识别出该沉积剖面中P、F、Cu、Hg、As、S六种元素具有共同的来源,与企鹅粪的输入密切相关,并且这些元素与TOC和δ15N显著正相关,说明沉积剖面中这些元素含量主要受控于企鹅粪的输入程度。通过与长城站区阿德雷岛、东南极戴维斯站加德纳岛企鹅粪土沉积物的标型元素特征比较,发现上述三个地区的标型元素组合大体上一致,反映了整个南极地区企鹅粪土沉积物生物标型元素组合的共性。研究结果为进一步恢复该地区的企鹅种群数量演化,及其对气候变化的响应提供了可能。  相似文献   

南京机场降水低能见度雨滴谱特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

聂颖  陈宝君  濮江平  陈磊 《气象科技》2013,41(1):160-164

对不同种降水对能见度的影响进行研究.选取连续性降水天气和雷暴天气两次过程的雨滴谱资料,计算后发现雷暴降水出现低能见度的雨滴谱较宽,而连续性降水雨滴谱的分布窄.粒子浓度和能见度呈反相关,在粒子浓度降低时能见度值有迅速的好转.在低能见度阶段小粒子的含量明显偏大些,1 mm以下的小粒子浓度对能见度的影响最大,其次是1～2 mm的小粒子,小粒子的高浓度对应着低能见度.出现降水并低能见度的时段时各特征量均为相对高值,能见度好转后突变转好并振荡,呈现相关.计算能见度在高粒子浓度和低能见度时与实测能见度接近.  相似文献   

Development of Rock Bolt Elements in Two-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Nie  Z. Y. Zhao  Y. J. Ning  J. P. Sun 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2157-2170

Computer modeling can be used to explore and gain new insights into the impacts of rock bolt intersecting joints in rock masses, and to estimate the effectiveness of the rock reinforcement system. In order to achieve this goal, we couple a rock bolt element into the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA^2D) program. The coupling algorithm is based on the analytically-derived interface behavior between a rock bolt and the rock material for grouted rock bolts. The shear force generated by slippage along the interface is assumed to have a linear relationship with respect to the relative slipping distance between the rock bolt and the rock. The linear elastic criterion is applied to determine the material behavior of rock bolts before the axial stress reaches the yield value. The pullout tests are simulated to verify the coupling algorithm and the effects of the proposed rock bolt elements. Parametrical studies are also carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the rock bolts under various end conditions, joint locations and bond stiffness. In addition, the performance of the rock bolt during the interface debonding is analyzed using two types of constitutive laws, i.e., the friction law and the reduction law. The simulation results show that the proposed rock bolt models can predict the shear forces and axial loading along the rock bolts.  相似文献