Comprehensive framework for gradient-based optimization in closed-loop reservoir management     

Vladislav Bukshtynov  Oleg Volkov  Louis J. Durlofsky  Khalid Aziz 《Computational Geosciences》2015,19(4):877-897

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The impact environment of the Hadean Earth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Oleg Abramov  David A. Kring  Stephen J. Mojzsis 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013

Impact bombardment in the first billion years of solar system history determined in large part the initial physical and chemical states of the inner planets and their potential to host biospheres. The range of physical states and thermal consequences of the impact epoch, however, are not well quantified. Here, we assess these effects on the young Earth's crust as well as the likelihood that a record of such effects could be preserved in the oldest terrestrial minerals and rocks. We place special emphasis on modeling the thermal effects of the late heavy bombardment (LHB) – a putative spike in the number of impacts at about 3.9 Gyr ago – using several different numerical modeling and analytical techniques. A comprehensive array of impact-produced heat sources was evaluated which includes shock heating, impact melt generation, uplift, and ejecta heating. Results indicate that ∼1.5–2.5 vol.% of the upper 20 km of Earth's crust was melted in the LHB, with only ∼0.3–1.5 vol.% in a molten state at any given time. The model predicts that approximately 5–10% of the planet's surface area was covered by >1 km deep impact melt sheets. A global average of ∼600–800 m of ejecta and ∼800–1000 m of condensed rock vapor is predicted to have been deposited in the LHB, with most of the condensed rock vapor produced by the largest (>100-km) projectiles. To explore for a record of such catastrophic events, we created two- and three-dimensional models of post-impact cooling of ejecta and craters, coupled to diffusion models of radiogenic Pb*-loss in zircons. We used this to estimate what the cumulative effects of putative LHB-induced age resetting would be of Hadean zircons on a global scale. Zircons entrained in ejecta are projected to have the following average global distribution after the end of the LHB: ∼59% with no impact-induced Pb*-loss, ∼26% with partial Pb*-loss and ∼15% with complete Pb*-loss or destruction of the grain. In addition to the relatively high erodibility of ejecta, our results show that if discordant ca. 3.9 Gyr old zones in the Jack Hills zircons are a signature of the LHB, they were most likely sourced from impact ejecta.  相似文献   

Passive oil collection device     

Vitaly Vodyanoy  Oleg Pustovyy  Timothy Moore  Kenney Brock 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1753-1763

A novel, efficient, economical oil collection device, which recovers oils from surface waters using physical principles has been demonstrated. This method has never been used in oil skimmers. The device contains a water-filled vessel open at one end that is positioned above the spilled oil so that the oil entrance opening is leveled with the oil layer on the water surface. The oil moves upward into the vessel displacing the water due to the lower density of the oil. The device has no moving parts. Torricelli’s discovery and Pascal’s law govern containment of the liquid in the vessel above the water level, while Archimedes’ buoyancy force moves oil in the vessel. A collection of thick and thin oil layers on calm water has been shown. This device is very durable, environmentally friendly, recovers pure oil, emits no noise, no pollution, and capable of producing a broad economic impact in the oil clean-up industry by protecting health, life, and the environment.  相似文献   

MONITORING OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES ON KAMCHATKA FROM THERMAL INFRARED SCANNER AND RADAR IMAGERY     

A. P. Khrenov  D. Pieri  A. M. Blinkov  V. V. Zaytsev  V. Ye. Shkarin 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):260-278

On the basis of data recorded by a thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) carried on board an aircraft laboratory, maps of volcanic regions in Russia were compiled on which portions of lava dating to different periods were identified. SIR-C (Shuttle) data, processed by computer, made it possible to obtain distinct boundaries of lava flows with cross-polarization. A three-dimensional digital model of the Northern Fissure of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, on which TIMS, Zeiss, and SIR-C data were plotted, was constructed. A lineament analysis was made it possible to genetically classify cinder cones on the eastern slope of the Klyuchevskoy volcano, and a zone of areal volcanism was defined.  相似文献   

Thermal relaxation in young neutron stars     

Oleg Y. Gnedin  Dmitry G. Yakovlev  Alexander Y. Potekhin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(3):725-736

The internal properties of the neutron star crust can be probed by observing the epoch of thermal relaxation. After the supernova explosion, powerful neutrino emission quickly cools the stellar core, while the crust stays hot. The cooling wave then propagates through the crust, as a result of its finite thermal conductivity. When the cooling wave reaches the surface (age 10–100 yr) , the effective temperature drops sharply from 250 eV to 30 or 100 eV, depending on the cooling model. The crust relaxation time is sensitive to the (poorly known) microscopic properties of matter of subnuclear density, such as the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and superfluidity of free neutrons. We calculate the cooling models with the new values of the electron thermal conductivity in the inner crust, based on a realistic treatment of the shapes of atomic nuclei. Superfluid effects may shorten the relaxation time by a factor of 4. The comparison of theoretical cooling curves with observations provides a potentially powerful method of studying the properties of the neutron superfluid and highly unusual atomic nuclei in the inner crust.  相似文献   

Unresolved Binaries and the Initial Mass Function     

Oleg Malkov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,280(1-2):129-132

In the area of binary stars the important contribution of GAIA will be towards statistical studies of the binary star distribution functions. On the other hand, from the GAIA observations, more than 10 000 masses accurate to 1% can be expected. This improves accuracy of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) still poorly known, particularly for the low-mass stars. A goal of the present study is to simulate a solar vicinity model with 100% binaries for predicting observational distributions. Under the assumption that star formation rate is constant, a random pairing of objects drawn from a pre-assumed single star power-law IMF is generated. Stellar evolution and selection effects are taken into account. Orbital parameters are assumed to be spread according to the common distributions. It is shown that under given assumptions the power-law IMF does lead to quasi-lognormal turnovers for the resulting observational mass function. The described model can be used to estimate, under reasonable assumptions on the IMF shape, the number of binaries of the different types that can be observed with GAIA. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The relative importance of climate change and population growth for exposure to future extreme droughts     

Oleg Smirnov  Minghua Zhang  Tingyin Xiao  John Orbell  Amy Lobben  Josef Gordon 《Climatic change》2016,138(1-2):41-53

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Influence of tropical wind on global temperature from months to decades     

Oleg A. Saenko  John C. Fyfe  Neil C. Swart  Warren G. Lee  Matthew H. England 《Climate Dynamics》2016,47(7-8):2193-2203

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Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ivan V. BRAGIN  Georgy A. CHELNOKOV  Oleg V. CHUDAEV  Natalia A. KHARITONOVA  Sergey V. VYSOTSKIY 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(1):276-284

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.  相似文献   

Hermannjahnite,CuZn(SO4)2, a new mineral with chalcocyanite derivative structure from the Naboko scoria cone of the 2012–2013 fissure eruption at Tolbachik volcano,Kamchatka, Russia     

Siidra  Oleg I.  Nazarchuk  Evgeny V.  Agakhanov  Atali A.  Lukina  Evgeniya A.  Zaitsev  Anatoly N.  Turner  Rick  Filatov  Stanislav K.  Pekov  Igor V.  Karpov  Gennady A.  Yapaskurt  Vasiliy O. 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,112(1):123-134

Mineralogy and Petrology - A new mineral hermannjahnite, ideally CuZn(SO4)2, was found in the sublimates of Saranchinaitovaya fumarole, Naboko scoria cone, where the recent Fissure Tolbachik...  相似文献