Development of ICL landslide teaching tools   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Bin He  Kyoji Sassa  Mauri McSaveney  Osamu Nagai 《Landslides》2014,11(1):153-159

Capacity development is important and urgently needed for landslide disaster risk reduction. This is especially so in developing countries where mountain and urban development is accelerating most rapidly, including construction of highways and railways and residential complexes. However, effective tools to teach practical landslide risk reduction knowledge and skills are not available. Therefore, International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) has decided to compile a collection of landslide teaching tools (Sassa et al. 2013) to provide teaching materials to ICL members and other landslide teaching entities to assist in education of university students, local government officers, staff in nongovernmental organizations, and the public. The teaching toolbox contains five parts: (1) mapping and site prediction; (2) monitoring and early warning; (3) testing and numerical simulation; (4) risk management; and (5) country practices and case studies. The teaching toolbox contains three types of tools: (1) TXT tools consisting of original texts with figures; (2) PDF tools consisting of already published reference papers, manuals, guidelines, and others; and (3) PPT tools consisting of PowerPoint® files made for lectures. The initial TXT tools have been published as a full color booklet (405 pages). The PDF tools and PPT tools are contained in a CD. The basic concept and a list of contents of the ICL landslide teaching tools are introduced in this article.  相似文献   

Runoff and water budget of the Liudaogou Catchment at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China     

Huang Jinbai  Wen Jiawei  Hinokidani Osamu  Yasuda Hiroshi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3623-3633

The objectives of this study were to examine the runoff characteristics and to estimate water budget at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau of China. A small catchment known as Liudaogou that has representative meteorological and hydrological conditions of the wind–water erosion crisscross region was chosen as the study location. A numerical model for rainfall-runoff was developed and verified; rainfall-runoff calculation for 5 years (2005–2009) was performed. The observed data and numerical result of the surface runoff were used for evaluating runoff characteristics and estimating the annual water budget. Runoff rate was proportional to average intensity of rain. Even though rainfall duration was for few minutes, surface runoff was generated by intensity of more than 2.6 mm × 5 min^?1, when rainfall duration exceeded 10 h; surface runoff was generated by an intensity of 0.6 mm × 5 min^?1, while annual runoff rate was 10–15 %. The unit area of 1 km² was adopted as the index area for estimating annual water budget. Runoff, evapotranspiration, variation of water storage, and habitant water consumption accounted for 20.4, 75.6, 0, and 4 % of the total annual precipitation, respectively. Results of this study provide the basis for further research on hydrology, water resources, and sustainable water development and utilization at the wind–water erosion crisscross region on the northern Loess Plateau where annual water resources are relatively deficient.  相似文献   

Comparison of carbon cycle between the western Pacific subarctic and subtropical time-series stations: highlights of the K2S1 project     

Makio C. Honda  Masahide Wakita  Kazuhiko Matsumoto  Tetsuichi Fujiki  Eko Siswanto  Kosei Sasaoka  Hajime Kawakami  Yoshihisa Mino  Chiho Sukigara  Minoru Kitamura  Yoshikazu Sasai  Sherwood L. Smith  Taketo Hashioka  Chisato Yoshikawa  Katsunori Kimoto  Shuichi Watanabe  Toru Kobari  Toshi Nagata  Koji Hamasaki  Ryo Kaneko  Mario Uchimiya  Hideki Fukuda  Osamu Abe  Toshiro Saino 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):647-667

A comparative study of ecosystems and biogeochemistry at time-series stations in the subarctic gyre (K2) and subtropical region (S1) of the western North Pacific Ocean (K2S1 project) was conducted between 2010 and 2013 to collect essential data about the ecosystem and biological pump in each area and to provide a baseline of information for predicting changes in biologically mediated material cycles in the future. From seasonal chemical and biological observations, general oceanographic settings were verified and annual carbon budgets at both stations were determined. Annual mean of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity at the oligotrophic station S1 were comparable to that at the eutrophic station K2. Based on chemical/physical observations and numerical simulations, the likely “missing nutrient source” was suggested to include regeneration, meso-scale eddy driven upwelling, meteorological events, and eolian inputs in addition to winter vertical mixing. Time-series observation of carbonate chemistry revealed that ocean acidification (OA) was ongoing at both stations, and that the rate of OA was faster at S1 than at K2 although OA at K2 is more critical for calcifying organisms.  相似文献