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21.
Contribution of CO2 and H2S emitted to the atmosphere by plume and diffuse degassing from volcanoes: the Etna volcano case study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Lacoue-Labarthe T Warnau M Oberhänsli F Teyssié JL Jeffree R Bustamante P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):826-831
The aim of this study was to provide a first insight on the incorporation of eight metals in the eggs of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis via maternal transfer, using radiotracer techniques ((110m)Ag, (241)Am, (109)Cd, (60)Co, (134)Cs, (54)Mn, (75)Se and (65)Zn). The cuttlefish was fed daily with radiolabelled crabs for two weeks; it then started to spawn every three days. Among the eight tracers, only (110m)Ag, (75)Se and (65)Zn were significantly transferred to the eggs. The radiotracer distribution among the egg compartments showed that (75)Se and (65)Zn were accumulated mainly in the vitellus whereas (110m)Ag was found in similar proportion in the vitellus and the eggshell. During the embryonic development, (75)Se and (65)Zn contained in the vitellus were progressively transferred to the embryo, likely to supply its metabolic needs in these essential elements. Although it has no known biological functions, Ag contained in both vitellus and eggshell was also transferred to the embryo. Overall, our results showed that transfer of Ag, Se, and Zn does actually occur from a female cuttlefish to its eggs, at least during the last two weeks before spawning. 相似文献
23.
Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe Michel Warnau Franois Oberhnsli Jean-Louis Teyssi Ross Jeffree Paco Bustamante 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):826
The aim of this study was to provide a first insight on the incorporation of eight metals in the eggs of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis via maternal transfer, using radiotracer techniques (110mAg, 241Am, 109Cd, 60Co, 134Cs, 54Mn, 75Se and 65Zn). The cuttlefish was fed daily with radiolabelled crabs for two weeks; it then started to spawn every three days. Among the eight tracers, only 110mAg, 75Se and 65Zn were significantly transferred to the eggs. The radiotracer distribution among the egg compartments showed that 75Se and 65Zn were accumulated mainly in the vitellus whereas 110mAg was found in similar proportion in the vitellus and the eggshell. During the embryonic development, 75Se and 65Zn contained in the vitellus were progressively transferred to the embryo, likely to supply its metabolic needs in these essential elements. Although it has no known biological functions, Ag contained in both vitellus and eggshell was also transferred to the embryo. Overall, our results showed that transfer of Ag, Se, and Zn does actually occur from a female cuttlefish to its eggs, at least during the last two weeks before spawning. 相似文献
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Juan Reynerio Fagundo-Castillo Joel José Carrillo-Rivera Iñaki Antigüedad-Auzmendi Patricia González-Hernández Roberto Peláez-Díaz Rebeca Hernández-Díaz Dámaso Cáceres-Govea José Ramón Hernández-Santana Margaret Suárez-Muñoz Clara Melián-Rodríguez Mónica Rodríguez-Piña 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):247-267
Flows of different hierarchy, which travel through limestone, schist, sandstone and ultra-basic rocks, with ages from the
Paleocene to the Jurassic, at Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del Río, Cuba, were characterized. The waters were sampled from 1984
until 2004 and the data were statistically processed by means of chemical equilibrium and physico-chemical models, under a
flow system view of interpretation. Results demonstrate that the physico-chemical properties of the water are controlled by
water–rock interaction resulting from residence time since rainwater infiltrate and the path it follows to the discharge zone
and the type of aquifer material the different groundwater flows are in contact with. Geochemical indices allow the definition
of the different types of flow (local, intermediate, regional) to be characterized, permitting a further definition of the
different flow systems and rock type involved, as well as its use for water supply and medical use. The main geochemical processes
which control the chemical composition acquisitions mode are: congruent dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and halite; incongruent
dissolution of plagioclase and microcline minerals; pyrite oxidation, sulphate reduction, and silica dissolution at the surface
or silica precipitation at deep saturation and circulation zones. 相似文献
26.
Nemesio M. Pérez Pedro A. Hernández Eleazar Padrón Rafael Cartagena Rodolfo Olmos Francisco Barahona Gladys Melián Pedro Salazar Dina L. López 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):883-896
On January 16, 2002, short-term unrest occurred at San Miguel volcano. A gas-and-steamash plume rose a few hundred meters
above the summit crater. An anomalous microseismicity pattern, about 75 events between 7:30 and 10:30 hours, was also observed.
Continuous monitoring of CO2 efflux on the volcano started on November 24, 2001, in the attempt to provide a multidisciplinary approach for its volcanic
surveillance. The background mean of the diffuse CO2 emission is about 16 g m-2 d-1, but a 17- fold increase, up to 270 g m-2 d-1, was detected on January 7, nine days before the January 2002 short-term unrest at San Miguel volcano. These observed anomalous
changes on diffuse CO2 degassing could be related to either a sharp increase of CO2 pressure within the volcanic-hydrothermal system or degassing from an uprising fresh gas-rich magma within the shallow plumbing
system of the volcano since meteorological fluctuations cannot explain this observed increase of diffuse CO2 emission. 相似文献
27.
The seismic response of the Mexico City Cathedral built of very soft soil deposits is evaluated by using motions recorded in various parts of the structure during several moderate earthquakes. This unique set of records provides significant insight into the seismic response of this and other similar historic stone masonry structures. Free‐field ground motions are carefully compared in time and frequency domains with motions recorded at building basement. The dynamic characteristics of the structure are inferred from the earthquake records by using system identification techniques. Variation of seismic response for different seismic intensities is discussed. It is shown that, due to the soil–structure interaction, due to large differences between dominant frequencies of earthquake ground motions at the site and modal frequencies of vibration of the structure, and due to a particularly high viscous damping, seismic amplifications of ground motion in this and similar historic buildings erected on soft soil deposits are much smaller than that induced in most modern constructions. Nevertheless, earthquake records and analytical results show that several components of the structure such as its central dome and the bell towers may be subjected to local vibrations that significantly amplify ground motions. Overall, results indicate that in its present state the structure has an acceptable level of seismic safety. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
28.
Pedro A. Hernández Nemesio M. Pérez Thráinn Fridriksson Jolie Egbert Evgenia Ilyinskaya Andri Thárhallsson Gretar ívarsson Gestur Gíslason Ingvi Gunnarsson Birgir Jónsson Eleazar Padrón Gladys Melián Toshiya Mori Kenji Notsu 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(10):2435-2448
We report the first detailed study of spatial variations on the diffuse emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from Hengill volcanic system, Iceland. Soil CO2 and H2S efflux measurements were performed at 752 sampling sites and ranged from nondetectable to 17,666 and 722?g?m?2?day?1, respectively. The soil temperature was measured at each sampling site and used to evaluate the heat flow. The chemical composition of soil gases sampled at selected sampling sites during this study shows they result from a mixing process between deep volcanic/hydrothermal component and air. Most of the diffuse CO2 degassing is observed close to areas where active thermal manifestations occur, northeast flank of the Hengill central volcano close to the Nesjavellir power plant, suggesting a diffuse degassing structure with a SSW?CNNE trend, overlapping main fissure zone and indicating a structural control of the degassing process. On the other hand, H2S efflux values are in general very low or negligible along the study area, except those observed at the northeast flank of the Hengill central volcano, where anomalously high CO2 efflux and soil temperatures were also measured. The total diffuse CO2 emission estimated for this volcanic system was about 1,526?±?160?t?day?1 of which 453?t?day?1 (29.7?%) are of volcanic/hydrothermal origin. To calculate the steam discharge associated with the volcanic/hydrothermal CO2 output, we used the average H2O/CO2 mass ratio from 12 fumarole samples equal to 88.6 (range, 9.4?C240.2) as a representative value of the H2O/CO2 mass ratios for Hengill fumarole steam. The resulting estimate of the steam flow associated with the gas flux is equal to 40,154?t?day?1. The condensation of this steam results in thermal energy release for Helgill volcanic system of 1.07?×?1014?J?day?1 or to a total heat flow of 1,237?MWt. 相似文献