Microbial release of potassium from K-bearing minerals by thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus     

Bin Lian  Bin Wang  Mu Pan  H. Henry Teng 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(1):87-98

A strain of thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured with K-bearing minerals to determine if microbe-mineral interactions enhance the release of mineralic potassium. Experiments were carried out in two settings, one with the mineral grains and the fungal cells in direct contact, and the other employing a membrane (pore size 0.22 μm) to separate the two. Measurements over a period of 30 days showed that, irrespective of the experimental setup, the concentration of free K in the culture was drastically higher than those in any of the control experiments where no living organism was present. Moreover, the occurrence of mineral-cell physical contact enhanced potassium release by an additional factor of 3 to 4 in comparison to the separation experiments. For contact experiments, Electron Probe Microanalysis revealed the formation of mycelium-mineral aggregates, and Atomic Force Microscopy imaging further indicated the possible ingestion of mineral particles by the fungus cells. Contrasting to what was observed and expected in control experiments, the potassium solubilization rate showed a positive dependence upon pH when fungi and minerals were mixed directly, and exhibited no correlations with solution acidity if cell-rock contact was restrained. These results appear to suggest that A. fumigatus promoted potassium release by means of at least three likely routes, one through the complexation of soluble organic ligands, another appealing to the immobile biopolymers such as the insoluble components of secretion, and the third related to the mechanical forces in association with the direct physical contact between cells and mineral particles.  相似文献   

对非开挖钻孔缩径抱管问题的分析探讨          下载免费PDF全文

李晓芬  乌效鸣  王海  向天昌 《探矿工程》2008,35(2):63-65

水平定向钻进非开挖铺管的回拖阻力异常增大往往是钻孔缩径抱管所造成.分析了影响缩径抱管应力的因素:主要是孔内泥浆压力与地应力之差、土层的弹性模量、蠕变性、时间和泥浆失水量;籍此建立了"零失水"状况下计算抱管应力的经验公式,并对泥浆失水造成的影响做了探讨;从综合控制孔内泥浆压力、采用强降失水泥浆体系、紧凑施工作业时间、提高泥浆的润滑性等方面提出了降低抱管阻力的措施.  相似文献   

贵州梅树村期多金属矿沉积地质特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢海  王天华  曾湘贵 《贵州地质》2008,25(4)

贵州早寒世武梅树村期黑色岩系黑色岩系中的Mo、Ni、V等多金属矿与沉积环境的关系密切,形成不同的多金属组合,可分为粘土岩型钼钒矿和黄铁矿型镍钼矿和粘土岩型钒矿三种组合,分布于不同的沉积相区,可能为深源物质封闭海域沉积作用的产物。  相似文献   

机载雷达高度计对海况及海面风速的测量研究     

潘家祎  袁业立  姜景山  郑全安 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(6):598-604

运用我国自行研制的ＺＨＧ－１型Ｘ波段机载雷达高度计于１９９５年４月１３日－４月１８日在青岛附近海域进行的海上飞行实验数据，及导出的均方根波高、有效波高、均方根波陡算法模型，得到了上述海况参数值。  相似文献   

黄海的风、潮混合特征及其对冷水团边界的影响     

赵保仁  曹德明  潘海  涂登志 《海洋科学集刊》1994,(35):1-10

本文第一作者早在1985年就提出,潮混合效应控制着夏季黄海冷水团的边界及海面冷水分布(赵保仁,1985)。1987年又进一步通过水文调査资料和卫星图片给出了黄海周围的浅水陆架锋(或称潮汐锋)的分布及强锋区的跨锋断面中的温度、盐度和坏流结构特征,并指出夏季的黄海沿岸流在性质上属沿锋面运动的强流(赵保仁,1987a,b),而后又对黄海西部的陆架锋进行了一次专门调査(赵保仁等,1991)。此外,他还指出黄海的强温跃层的形成和转移现象也与潮混合现象密切相关(赵保仁,1989)。因此,研究潮混合现象对阐明发生在黄海的多水文物理现象都是至关重要的。 为深入了解黄海的潮混合特征,作者把渤海、黄海和东海作为一个整体完成了一次精度较高的潮汐、溯流数值计算,在潮汐、潮流的分布方面,揭示了前人尚未阐明的一些特征。本文根据这些数值结果,计算了近最大潮流流速和层化参数,阐明了渤海、黄海和东海的潮混合特征及其对降温期黄海冷水团分布变化的影响。此外,还用 Sim pson等人(1981)的能量模式计算了南黄海西部的风、潮混合效率。  相似文献   

Robust adaptive control of underactuated ships on a linear course with comfort     

K. D. Do  J. Pan  Z. P. Jiang   《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(17):2201-2225

This paper addresses an important problem in ship control application—the robust stabilization of underactuated ships on a linear course with comfort. Specifically, we develop a multivariable controller to stabilize ocean surface ships without a sway actuator on a linear course and to reduce roll and pitch simultaneously. The controller adapts to unknown parameters of the ship and constant environmental disturbances induced by wave, ocean current and wind. It is also robust to time-varying environmental disturbances, time-varying change in ship parameters and other motions of the ship such as surge and heave. The roll and pitch can be made arbitrarily small while the heading angle and sway are kept to be in reasonably small bounds. The controller development is based on Lyapunov’s direct method and backstepping technique. A Lipschitz continuous projection algorithm is used to update the estimate of the unknown parameters to avoid the parameters’ drift due to time-varying environmental disturbances. Simulations on a full-scale catamaran illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed controller.  相似文献   

分潮波模型多资料数值计算方法研究　Ⅱ.有限差分最小二乘方法     

潘文波  孙文心  王骥 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,(2)

对含多资料的分潮波模型的超定问题进行探讨，建立一种有限差分—最小二乘方法，该方法使得岸边资料直接进入了计算方程，并保证岸界法向流速为零条件。通过对渤海的四大分潮的试算，证实本方法可行。  相似文献   

Optimal Design for Main Dimensions of a 75000t Floating Production and Storage Vessel     

Tan Jiahua  Ma Wei  Pan Bin Associate Professor  Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai Lecturer  shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 《中国海洋工程》1992,(1)

The basis, process and results of the demonstration of the main dimensions of a 75000t floating production and storage vessel are discussed in this paper. A simple but reliable orthogonal design method is applied in the main dimension optimization. The ideas of gradual approximation and feedback from various aspects are put into effect. During the demonstration, in order to make the model tally with the actual situation, the draft design is closely related to the computational analysis, so that the demonstration model can be verified at any time; the handling of the overall system is closely related to the research of each item, which is beneficial not only to the mastery of various regularities, but also to the balance of decisions. Finally, according to the computational results and the regularities obtained from analysis, the main dimensions are determined.  相似文献   

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines by Complex Damping Method   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

傅强郭海燕  杨新华 《中国海洋工程》2004,18(3):485-491

Considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition, the differential equation for the vortex-induced vibration (V1V) of the free spanning pipeline is derived and is discretized by the Hermit interpolation function. The free vibration equation with the damping term is solved by the complex damping method for the natural frequency, and then the effect of fluid damping on the natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline is analyzed.The results show that fluid damping has a significant influence on the damped natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline in the lock-in state, while it has little influence when the pipeline is out of the lock-in state. In the meantime,the change of the free span length has the same effect on the damped natural frequency and the undamped natural frequency.  相似文献   

Dissipation source function and an improvement to LAGFD-WAM model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yuan Yeli  Hua Feng  Pan Zengdi  Sun Letao 《海洋学报(英文版)》1992,11(4):471-481

In this paper, a new theoretical expression of dissipation term is presented on the basis of statistical model of breaking wave, which is an improvement to LAGFD-WAM wave model. The computational results in three typical wind fields show a good improvement to LAGFD-WAM model and a better accuracy in comparison with the observed data in the South China Sea.  相似文献