Survival and movements of Magellanic penguins rehabilitated from oil fouling along the coast of South America, 2000-2010     

Ruoppolo V  Vanstreels RE  Woehler EJ  Heredia SA  Adornes AC  da Silva-Filho RP  Matus R  Poleschi C  Griot K  Kolesnikovas CK  Serafini P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(7):1309-1317

Oil pollution is a significant conservation concern. We examined data from six institutions along the coast of South America: Emergency Relief Team of the International Fund for Animal Welfare, Fundación Mundo Marino, Centro de Recupera??o de Animais Marinhos, Natura Patagonia, Associa??o R3 Animal, and Mar del Plata Aquarium and data from resightings in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Falkland/Malvinas Islands. From 2000 to 2010, 2183 oiled Magellanic penguins were rehabilitated as part of the routine activities of these institutions or during emergency responses to eight oil spills in which they were involved; all rehabilitated penguins were flipper banded and released. Since their release, 41 penguins were resighted until 31 December 2011. The results demonstrate that, when combined with other prevention strategies, the rehabilitation of Magellanic penguins is a strategy that contributes to the mitigation of adverse effects of oil spills and chronic pollution to the species.  相似文献   

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) carrying antibiotic resistant enterococci. A potential bioindicator of marine contamination?     

Barros J  Igrejas G  Andrade M  Radhouani H  López M  Torres C  Poeta P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1245-1248

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a growing problem that is not only restricted to the clinical setting but also to other environments such as marine species that harbor antibiotic resistant bacteria and therefore may serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistance genetic determinants. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance phenotypes in enterococci isolated from fecal samples of gilthead seabream and the associated mechanisms of resistance. A collection of 118 samples were analyzed and 73 enterococci were recovered. The strains showed high percentages of resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline (58.9% and 17.8%, respectively). Lower level of resistance (<13%) was detected for quinupristin-dalfopristin, ampicillin, high-level-gentamicin, high-level-streptomycin, high-level-kanamycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. The erm(B), tet(L) or tet(M), aac(6′)-aph(2″) and aph(3′)-IIIa genes were shown in isolates resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, high-level gentamicin and high-level kanamycin, respectively. Antibiotic resistance in natural microbiota is becoming a concern of human and environmental health.  相似文献   

Factors structuring temporal and spatial dynamics of macrobenthic communities in a eutrophic coastal lagoon (Óbidos lagoon, Portugal)     

Carvalho S  Pereira P  Pereira F  de Pablo H  Vale C  Gaspar MB 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(2):97-110

The present work aimed to identify the main environmental drivers shaping temporal and spatial dynamics of macrobenthic communities within a eutrophic coastal lagoon. Sediments in the óbidos lagoon showed a gradient of increasing metal contamination from the inlet area to inner branches. The mid-lower lagoon area exhibited an intermediate contaminated condition between the inlet and upstream areas, suggesting that the effects of the organic loadings into the lagoon may be reflected until this area. This transitional feature was corroborated by biological data, with macrobenthic assemblages displaying characteristics of down- and upstream areas. Macrobenthic abundance peaked in winter, which was associated with a higher nutrient availability (mainly ammonium) and the proliferation of green macroalgae in mid-lower and inner lagoon areas. However, massive macroalgae growth resulted in a sharp decrease of macrobenthic diversity and abundance in spring, particularly where the higher amounts of decaying algae were detected. Higher dissimilarities between assemblages were detected during winter (and spring, for trophic composition), while in summer, differences were highly attenuated. The least contaminated area (close to the sea inlet) experienced smaller temporal variations for environmental variables, as well as the lowest temporal biological variability. This area was dominated by carnivores, which were related with increased salinity. Deposit-feeders were numerically dominant in the lagoon, being generally spread within organically enriched sandy and muddy areas. The high concentration of chlorophyll a and suspended particulate matter in water was reflected in the abundance of deposit-feeders/suspension-feeders, taking benefit of the high primary productivity. On the other hand, deposit-feeders/herbivores responded to the decay of macroalgae mats in the sediment. Biological associations varied with the biological data used (taxonomic versus trophic group composition; abundance versus biomass), highlighting the relevance of the combination of different data analysis' approaches. In general, BIOENV analysis indicated total phosphorus, biomass of Ulva, metals and organic carbon and nitrogen as being significantly influencing benthic patterns. On the other hand, discrepancies in ecological behaviours of some taxa were also detected in the present study stressing the need for additional studies on the relationships between macrobenthic communities and environmental variables. Implications of the present results for monitoring studies are discussed.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variability of methane over the Amazon from satellite observations     

Igor Oliveira Ribeiro  Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza  Rita Valéria Andreoli  Mary Toshie Kayano  Patrícia dos Santos Costa 《大气科学进展》2016,33(7):852-864

The spatiotemporal variability of the greenhouse gas methane(CH_4) in the atmosphere over the Amazon is studied using data from the space-borne measurements of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on board NASA's AQUA satellite for the period 2003–12. The results show a pronounced variability of this gas over the Amazon Basin lowlands region, where wetland areas occur. CH_4 has a well-defined seasonal behavior, with a progressive increase of its concentration during the dry season, followed by a decrease during the wet season. Concerning this variability, the present study indicates the important role of ENSO in modulating the variability of CH_4 emissions over the northern Amazon, where this association seems to be mostly linked to changes in flooded areas in response to ENSO-related precipitation changes. In this region, a CH_4 decrease(increase) is due to the El Nino-related(La Ni ?na-related) dryness(wetness). On the other hand, an increase(decrease) in the biomass burning over the southeastern Amazon during very dry(wet) years explains the increase(decrease) in CH_4 emissions in this region. The present analysis identifies the two main areas of the Amazon, its northern and southeastern sectors, with remarkable interannual variations of CH_4. This result might be useful for future monitoring of the variations in the concentration of CH_4, the second-most important greenhouse gas, in this area.  相似文献   

Assessing rheological properties of fluid mud samples through tuning fork data     

Fonseca  Diego Luiz  Marroig  Patrícia Cunha  Carneiro  Juliane Castro  Gallo  Marcos Nicolás  Vinzón  Susana Beatriz 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(1):51-57

Ocean Dynamics - At the nautical bottom approach, part of the fluid mud layers can be included in the available depth if they present favorable rheology. As it is difficult to perform in situ...  相似文献   

A New Observational Strategy to Search for Solar g-Modes     

I. Martín Mateos  I. González Hernández  A. Jiménez  S.J. Jiménez Reyes  J. Patrón  P.L. Pallé  F. Pérez Hernández  C. Régulo  T. Roca-Cortés 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):339-342

  相似文献   

3-D Helioseismology: Rings and Horizontal Flows     

J. Patrón  I. González Hernández  A. Jiménez  S.J. Jiménez Reyes  I. Martín  P.L. Pallé  F. Pérez Hernández  C. Régulo  T. Roca-Cortés 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1998,263(1-4):327-330

We investigate the conditions under which general scalar-tensor gravity theories relax towards General Relativity. We extend the work of Damour and Nordtvedt [2] by studying the effects of the inclusion of a cosmological potential term. When the universe is either radiation dominated or vacuum, we find that Einstein's gravity is indeed a cosmological attractor and, also, that the universe exhibits inflationary expansion. This latter feature provides another striking argument in favour of the inflationary paradigm, which in the present setting arises without the intervention of the usual inflaton field. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Ecological status assessment in the lower Eo estuary (Spain). The challenge of habitat heterogeneity integration: a benthic perspective   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

de Paz L  Patrício J  Marques JC  Borja A  Laborda AJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(7):1275-1283

The implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires evaluation of the ecological status (ES) of benthic communities in coastal and transitional water systems, and the intercalibration of assessment methodologies therefore becomes a research challenge. Our aim was to test the suitability of applying the M-AMBI index to assess the status of the Eo estuary (northern coast of Spain). Our results showed that M-AMBI was influenced by the natural variability of benthic communities, and presented an apparent dependence on habitat characteristics. Consequently, the definition of homogeneous areas in transitional water systems should be based on the salinity gradient combined with other factors. To achieve an accurate ES assessment, habitat-specific reference conditions should then be defined prior to the application of M-AMBI; this necessitates dividing an estuary into several sections, which may be classified as different ESs. From this perspective, a novel approach to integrate habitat heterogeneity in a global ES assessment was tested.  相似文献   

Large‐scale connectivity of Grapsus grapsus (Decapoda) in the Southwestern Atlantic oceanic islands: integrating genetic and morphometric data          下载免费PDF全文

Mariana M. Teschima  Patrícia R. Strӧher  Carina R. Firkowski  Marcio R. Pie  Andrea S. Freire 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(6):1360-1372

The degree of connectivity among island populations can influence their demography and affect their level of genetic differentiation. In this study we investigated genetic and morphometric differences among four populations of Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus 1758), in Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (0°55′ N, 29°20′ W), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (3°50′ S, 32°24′ W), Rocas Atoll (3°50′ S, 33°49′ W) and Trindade Island (20°30′ S, 29°20′ W) from 2003 to 2011. Morphometric results indicated the existence of two distinct groups based on the morphology of their chelae (Trindade Island/Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago versus Fernando de Noronha/Rocas Atoll). In addition, genetic variation in a fragment of the mitochondrial control region revealed substantial differentiation between Trindade and the other islands, with Trindade Island showing only exclusive haplotypes. The congruence of the genetic and morphologic analyses suggests the occurrence of a divergent population in Trindade Island as well as high connectivity among the three remaining equatorial islands. This is the first study to assess the level of morphologic differentiation and genetic connectivity of a species among all four Southwestern Atlantic oceanic islands. Our results provide valuable insight into understanding connectivity through surface ocean currents and suggest that the unstable current system of this area could be responsible for different dispersal patterns. We also suggest that the design of Brazilian marine protected areas should be adjusted to provide stronger protection for Trindade Island as it harbors unique genetic and morphologic variation in G. grapsus.  相似文献   

Clay minerals in sediments of Portuguese reservoirs and their significance as weathering products from over-eroded soils: a comparative study of the Maranhão, Monte Novo and Divor Reservoirs (South Portugal)     

Rita M. F. Fonseca  Fernando J. A. S. Barriga  Patrícia I. S. T. Conceição 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(8):1899-1916

The Southern region of Portugal is subjected to several forms of over-erosion. Most leached products, mainly composed of fine particles containing nutrients, metals or pesticides, are easily transported by river flows. When these are hindered by a physical barrier such as a dam, the particulate load accumulates on the bottom of the reservoirs, often leading to a pronounced decrease of water quality. Bottom sediments from three reservoirs were subjected to grain-size analysis and a study of clay minerals by X-ray diffraction. Most sediments contain a diverse set of clay minerals, mostly illites, smectites, chlorites and kaolinites. The nature of the clay minerals reflects the nature of the parent rocks. During the cycles of transport and temporary deposition, they may undergo significant chemical and physical transformations, which lead to an increase of expandable properties and therefore, to a higher cationic exchange capacity, determining its important role as vehicles of environmental pollutants.  相似文献