Malformations in North Sea pelagic fish embryos during the period 1984-1995     

Dethlefsen  Volkert; von Westernhagen  Hein; Cameron  Patricia 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(6):1024-1035

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Restoration of oiled mussel beds in Prince William Sound, Alaska   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carls MG  Harris PM  Rice SD 《Marine environmental research》2004,57(5):359-376

Natural loss of hydrocarbons was often low from mussel (Mytilus trossulus) beds (which were typically not cleaned after the Exxon Valdez oil spill), thus this habitat remained a long-term source of oil. Consequently, experimental restoration of nine contaminated beds was attempted in 1994; mussels were removed, contaminated surface sediment was replaced (33 metric tons), and original mussels were returned. Hydrocarbon concentrations and mussel populations were monitored for 5 years thereafter. Post-restoration mussel population fluctuations were indistinguishable from regional changes. Increased short-term oil loss was apparent, but long-term (5 year) improvement was equivocal and difficult to distinguish from natural losses. By 1999, oil concentrations in mussels were typically at baseline levels in restored and oiled reference beds; concentrations in replaced sediment were elevated in one third of restored beds, indicating recontamination from underlying or surrounding sediment. Our results suggest mussel relocation is feasible but suggest oil might more effectively be removed from sediment mechanically or chemically than manually.  相似文献   

Structural Adaptations to Light Reception in Two Morphotypes of Corallina elongata ELLIS & SOLAND     

Patricia  Algarra F. Xavier  Niell 《Marine Ecology》1987,8(3):253-261

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Airborne lidar measurements of aerosol spatial distribution and optical properties over the Atlantic Ocean during a European pollution outbreak of ACE‐2     

Cyrille Flamant  Jacques Pelon  Patrick Chazette  Vincent Trouillet  Patricia K. Quinn  Robert Frouin  Didier Bruneau  Jean François Leon  Timothy S. Bates  James Johnson  John Livingston 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):662-677

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A new early Holocene cryptotephra from northwest Scotland     

Patricia H. Ranner  Judy R. M. Allen  Brian Huntley 《第四纪科学杂志》2005,20(3):201-208

Clarification of the temporal relationships amongst records of environmental change is dependent on accurate timescales. Event markers such as tephra layers are extremely important for constraining chronologies and providing tie points. In this report we present evidence of a previously unknown early Holocene Icelandic cryptotephra from a lake in northern Scotland—the ‘An Druim Tephra’. The calibrated radiocarbon age of 9560 cal. yr BP for this new cryptotephra makes it an important addition to the suite of cryptotephras now recorded from the last glacial termination and early Holocene in northwest Europe. In addition we report evidence in support of a ‘Younger Borrobol Tephra’ from Lateglacial sediments of Allerød age. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Aerosol physical properties and processes in the lower marine boundary layer: a comparison of shipboard sub‐micron data from ACE‐1 and ACE‐2     

Timothy S. Bates  Patricia K. Quinn  David S. Covert  Derek J. Coffman  James E. Johnson  Alfred Wiedensohler 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):258-272

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GIS Investigation of the relationship of sex and season on the population distribution of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Charleston,South Carolina     

Hannah Bouchillon  Norman S. Levine  Patricia A. Fair 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(8):1552-1566

ABSTRACT

The Charleston Estuarine System Stock (CESS) of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been the focus of population monitoring for the past 20 years. Photo-id studies have determined abundance and survival estimates for this population, which exhibits high site fidelity in this area. However, fine-scale distribution, utilization patterns, and the driving forces behind these patterns are lacking. Using historical photo-id data and a novel application of geographic information system (GIS) analysis, the present study identified core use areas within Charleston Harbor, as well as patterns specific to sexes and seasons. Photo-id data of 319 dolphins sighted 11 times or more during 2004–2009 were analyzed. Heat maps were developed to examine spatial distributions using kernel density estimates (KDE) and were compared between sexes and seasons. Multiple high-density core use areas were identified for this population, with the most noteworthy near the mouth of the harbor toward the Atlantic Ocean. Fine-scale distribution varied across sexes, as well as seasons. Some areas were identified as more specifically inhabited by one sex, while other areas overlapped between sexes. Females were more tightly concentrated within their distribution while males were more dispersed. Although population distribution varied across seasons, sex distributions remained.  相似文献   

Induction of DNA strand breaks in the mussel (Mytilus trossulus) and clam (Protothaca staminea) following chronic field exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the Exxon Valdez spill   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas RE  Lindeberg M  Harris PM  Rice SD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(6):726-732

In 2002, 13 years after the Exxon Valdez spill, mussels and clams were examined for lingering oil exposure and damage. Known oil patches were sampled at four locations, and compared to nearby reference areas (same bay), and were also compared to "hot reference" sites to verify the methods used (Cordova harbor and fresh diesel spill at Port Chalmers). Passive samplers deployed for a month at the sites, along with tissue samples, confirmed that the oiled sites were oiled (fingerprinting back to Exxon Valdez oil) and that reference sites were clean. The highest PAH loads were detected in sub-surface interstitial waters at oiled sites. Exposure at the surface was generally low level, and probably intermittent. DNA damage was assessed in blood cells using sensitive comet analyses. DNA strand breakage was detected in both mussels and clams, with the highest level of damage detected at "hot reference" sites of Cordova harbor and Port Chalmers. Bioavailability and DNA damage at the oiled sties was low, indicating there has been substantial progress in recovery from the spill 13 years before, yet low level bioavailability and damage were still detectable.  相似文献   

Little ice age alluvial fan development in Langedalen, western Norway     

Simon G. Lewis  & Jacky F. Birnie 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2001,83(4):179-190

This paper reports a preliminary investigation of the sedimentary succession in two alluvial fans in western Norway. Sedimentological information is supplemented by palaeoecological data from pollen analysis and the age of the sequence is constrained by six radiocarbon age estimates on woody fragments and peat. These data suggest that significant accumulation of fan sediments took place after AD 1637–1685. Before this, the fluvial landscape and the adjacent slopes may have been more stable with the development of Betula , Salix and Alnus woodland on the valley floor and sides. Although there is no indication of gradual climatic deterioration in the vegetation record from these sites, the radiocarbon chronology suggests that enhanced fan development was coincident with the climatic change associated with the 'Little Ice Age'. This was probably a response to glacier expansion and increased discharge and sediment supply to the alluvial fans from outlets of the Jostedalsbreen ice cap on the southern side of Langedalen. Initial response to climate change in this setting was therefore enhanced geomorphic activity and instability of the valley-side slopes.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Soil-Gas Surveying for H₂S for Locating Subsurface Hydrocarbon Contamination     

Gary A. Robbins  Brian E. McAninch  Francis M. Gavas  Patricia M. Ellis 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1995,15(1):124-132

A soil-gas survey was conducted at a gasoline service station and a former fire training facility to determine if surveying for hydrogen sulfide could be useful in locating nonaqueous phase hydrocarbon fuel in the subsurface. Relative; to total organic vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide distributions, detectable hydrogen sulfide concentrations were much more restricted to the suspected source vicinity at both sites. Appreciable levels of soil-gas hydrogen sulfide. up to 600 Vppb. were observed in areas characterized by anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions having bulk oxygen levels below 4 percent. Based on the hydrogen sulfide distribution, nonaqueous phase hydrocarbon fuel was located at each site. These results suggest that soil-gas surveying for hydrogen sulfide may help locale mobile or residual gasoline and other nonaqueous phase hydrocarbons in the subsurface.  相似文献