Upscaling site‐scale ecohydraulic models to inform salmonid population‐level life cycle modeling and restoration actions – Lessons from the Columbia River Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Joseph M. Wheaton  Nicolaas Bouwes  Peter Mchugh  Carl Saunders  Sara Bangen  Phillip Bailey  Matt Nahorniak  Eric Wall  Chris Jordan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):21-44

With high‐resolution topography and imagery in fluvial environments, the potential to quantify physical fish habitat at the reach scale has never been better. Increased availability of hydraulic, temperature and food availability data and models have given rise to a host of species and life stage specific ecohydraulic fish habitat models ranging from simple, empirical habitat suitability curve driven models, to fuzzy inference systems to fully mechanistic bioenergetic models. However, few examples exist where such information has been upscaled appropriately to evaluate entire fish populations. We present a framework for applying such ecohydraulic models from over 905 sites in 12 sub‐watersheds of the Columbia River Basin (USA), to assess status and trends in anadromous salmon populations. We automated the simulation of computational engines to drive the hydraulics, and subsequent ecohydraulic models using cloud computing for over 2075 visits from 2011 to 2015 at 905 sites. We also characterize each site's geomorphic reach type, habitat condition, geomorphic unit assemblage, primary production potential and thermal regime. We then independently produce drainage network‐scale models to estimate these same parameters from coarser, remotely sensed data available across entire populations within the Columbia River Basin. These variables give us a basis for imputation of reach‐scale capacity estimates across drainage networks. Combining capacity estimates with survival estimates from mark–recapture monitoring allows a more robust quantification of capacity for freshwater life stages (i.e. adult spawning, juvenile rearing) of the anadromous life cycle. We use these data to drive life cycle models of populations, which not only include the freshwater life stages but also the marine and migration life stages through the hydropower system. More fundamentally, we can begin to look at more realistic, spatially explicit, tributary habitat restoration scenarios to examine whether the enormous financial investment on such restoration actions can help recover these populations or prevent their extinction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analyses of iron oxide assemblages within Namib dune sediments using high field remanence measurements (9 T) and Mössbauer analysis     

John Walden  Kevin H. White  Susan H. Kilcoyne  Phillip M. Bentley 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(2):185-195

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An organic geochemical investigation of the practice of manuring at a Minoan site on Pseira Island,Crete     

Ian D. Bull  Richard P. Evershed  Phillip P. Betancourt 《Geoarchaeology》2001,16(2):223-242

Lipid components in a soil profile developed in an agricultural terrace at a Minoan site on Pseira Island, Crete, were analyzed to determine whether the practice of manuring in antiquity, as inferred by distributional and temporal sherd scatter, could be confirmed through the use of biomarker compounds as proxies for manuring. Analysis of total organic carbon and the abundance of n‐alkyl lipids (n‐alkanols and fatty acids) demonstrated that while the upper part of the soil profile had received more recent inputs of vegetation‐derived organic matter, the deeper archaeological strata remained essentially undisturbed. Further analysis of 5β‐stanols, sterol components which may be utilized as fecal biomarkers, revealed a signal indicative of manuring, with human or porcine‐derived fecal material, in the lower 15 cm of the profile. Additional appraisal of epicoprostanol abundance inferred the possible practice of composting in later periods. This study represents a detection of manuring, in the oldest samples to date, using organic geochemical methods. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献