Erratum to: Pacific Basin climate variability and patterns of Northeast Pacific marine fish production [Progress on Oceanography 49 (2001) 257-282]     

Anne Babcock Hollowed  Steven R. Hare  Warren S. Wooster 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,55(3-4)

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Effect of free surface and strut on fins attached to a strut     

C. M. Lee  I. R. Park  H. H. Chun  S. J. Lee 《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(1)

An extensive experimental and computational investigation of the combined and separate effects of free surface and body on the lift characteristics of a pair of fins attached to a strut and fin alone is conducted. The results reveal that the free-surface effect becomes significant when the depth of submergence to chord ratio (H/c) is less than three. The effect of the strut is also realized for shallower depth of submergence of the fins through free-surface deformation leading to a significant change in the incidence angle of the flow to the fins. The numerical results based on the Higher Order Boundary Element Method with the linearized free-surface condition show good agreement with the experimental results for fin (foil) alone even at shallow submergence, but some discrepancies appear for the fin attached to the strut at higher speeds mostly due to the neglect of the nonlinear free-surface effect.  相似文献   

The influence of salinity on the solubility of Zn and Cd sulphides in the Scheldt estuary   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. J. A. Gerringa  H. J. W. de Baar  R. F. Nolting  H. Paucot 《Journal of Sea Research》2001,46(3-4)

In the estuary of the river Scheldt, where an oxygen gradient exists in addition to the salinity gradient, redox processes will be of major importance for trace metal mobilisation. In this study, the influence of salinity and pH on the redox processes of dissolved Zn and Cd sulphides is investigated together with the effects on the ratio of the dissolved Zn and Cd concentrations. The speciation of these metals is calculated with the chemical equilibrium programme +. Zn sulphides are oxidised at lower oxygen concentrations than Cd sulphides, due to lower stability constants, causing a sudden increase or peak in the dissolved Zn/Cd ratio. The formation of dissolved Cd chloride complexes when oxidation occurs at high salinities (S=15) increases the mobility of Cd, causing a decrease in the Zn/Cd peak of the total dissolved concentrations. The peak is three to four times smaller at S=15 than when oxidation occurs at S=2. The simple model calculations compare very well with field data. The Scheldt estuary is suitable to illustrate these calculations. In the 1970s, the anoxic part of the estuary reached S=15–20, but since the early 1980s it has dropped to S=2–10. Historic data on metals in the estuary from 1978, 1987 and the 1990s were used to compare with the equilibrium calculations. The increase of the dissolved Zn/Cd peak at low salinity as a consequence, of the decreasing anoxic region is confirmed well by the data. The good agreement between model calculations and field data is a proof of the extreme importance of redox processes for the solubility of Zn and Cd sulphides in the estuary.  相似文献   

Comparative performance of ADAPT and Laurec-Shepherd methods for estimating fish population parameters and in stock management     

Patterson  K. R.; Kirkwood  G. P. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1995,52(2):183-196

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The distribution of total and electrochemically available copper in the northwestern atlantic ocean     

Douglas L. Huizenga  Dana R. Kester 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(4):281-291

Copper in a series of samples from the northwestern Atlantic has been determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by cobalt—APDC coprecipitation. Samples from a transect across the continental shelf directly off the New York Bight showed a linear relationship between total copper and salinity (31–34‰) and less than 5% of the total copper was detectable by ASV. A slope water station showed less than 9% of the total copper to be ASV detectable in the upper 780m, below which the ASV detectable copper increased to 70% at 3000 m. The Sargasso Sea profiles showed less than 7% ASV detectable copper in the upper 150 m; the fraction of the total copper detected by ASV increased to about 80% of the total copper at greater depths. The reduced availability of copper to the ASV measurement in coastal waters and open ocean surface waters appears to be related to recent contact with waters where biological productivity occurs.  相似文献   

A probabilistic approach for dispersion of oil at sea     

M.H. Fallah  R.M. Stark 《Ocean Engineering》1976,3(3):145-156

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Preservation of enzymic activity in marine plankton by low-temperature freezing     

S.I. Ahmed  R.A. Kenner  F.D. King 《Marine Chemistry》1976,4(2):133-139

The measurement of enzymic activity in plankton communities is useful in the study of marine ecosystems. Such measurements can lead to a clearer understanding of the biological transformations in plankton communities at a particular time. However, the assays are somewhat time-consuming. To facilitate analysis of large numbers of samples, we have developed a method of quick-freezing of whole cells and of cell-free extracts of the diatom, Skeletonema costatum, followed by storage at ?60°C for up to one week. No loss in either the electron transport system (ETS) or the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity occurs. Similar conditions of storage can be used for the preservation of ETS activity in the marine copepod Calanus pacificus. Also, no measurable loss in either the GDH or the ETS activity is detectable after the quick-frozen whole cells of S. costatum have been kept frozen for over a year.  相似文献   

Some Methods of Binding Prawn Diets and Their Effects on Growth and Assimilation     

Forster  J. R. M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1972,34(2):200-216

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The production of biogenic silica in the Weddell and Scotia Seas     

B. Quguiner  P. Trguer  D.M. Nelson 《Marine Chemistry》1991,35(1-4)

During the EPOS leg 2 cruise (European Polarstern Study, November 1988–January 1989), the production rate of biogenic silica in the euphotic zone was measured by the ³⁰Si method at stations in the Scotia and Weddell Seas.The highest integrated production rates were observed in the Scotia Sea (range: 11.2–20.6 mmol Si m⁻² day⁻¹), the marginal ice zone of the Weddell Sea exhibiting somewhat lower values (range: 6.0–20.0 mmol Si m⁻²day⁻¹).Our results demonstrate that as far as biogenic silica production is concerned the marginal ice zone of the Weddell Sea is considerably less productive than that of the Ross Sea. Our results also indicate that the water of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) could be more productive in late spring and early summer than at the beginning of spring. Possible reasons for the differences among the three subsystems (Ross Sea, Weddell Sea and ACC) are discussed.  相似文献   

The Indonesian straits incident : Transit or archipelagic sea lanes passage?     

Donald R. Rothwell 《Marine Policy》1990,14(6)

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