全文获取类型
收费全文 | 218篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 13篇 |
地球物理 | 55篇 |
地质学 | 67篇 |
海洋学 | 34篇 |
天文学 | 44篇 |
自然地理 | 16篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 10篇 |
2007年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 15篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有233条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
The paper aims at finding an RCM configuration that facilitates studies devoted to quantifying RCM response to parameter modification. When using short integration times, the response of the time-averaged variables to RCM modification tend to be blurred by the noise originating in the lack of predictability of the instantaneous atmospheric states. Two ways of enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio are studied in this work: spectral nudging and reduction of the computational domain size. The approach followed consists in the analysis of the sensitivity of RCM-simulated seasonal averages to perturbations of two parameters controlling deep convection and stratiform condensation, perturbed one at a time. Sensitivity is analyzed within different simulation configurations obtained by varying domain size and using the spectral nudging option. For each combination of these factors multiple members of identical simulations that differ exclusively in initial conditions are also generated to provide robust estimates of the sensitivities (the signal) and sample the noise. Results show that the noise magnitude is decreased both by reduction of domain size and the spectral nudging. However, the reduction of domain size alters some sensitivity signals. When spectral nudging is used significant alterations of the signal are not found. 相似文献
102.
J.A.L. Aguerri M. Prieto A.M. Varela C. Muñoz-Tuñón 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,276(2-4):611-618
The isophotal profiles and colour maps of a sample of 12 spiral galaxies allowed us to analyse the different structural components
that compose them. These components were parameterized by performing a decomposition of the galaxy brightness profiles. Inferring
the geometry for each component, we have obtained the spatial mass distribution and the gravitational potential for each object.
Here we present the detailed analysis for one of the galaxies in the sample, the barred galaxy NGC 1300.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
103.
Brent B. Wolfe Thomas W. D. Edwards Ramon Aravena Glen M. MacDonald 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(2):171-181
Analysis of 18Ocellulose, 13Corganic matter, and 13Ccellulose at about 100 year intervals from organic matter deposited in Toronto Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, revealed an 8000-year history of rapid, post-glacial hydrologic change at the treeline zone. Several mid-Holocene phases of enriched 13Corg and 13Ccell, caused by elevated lake productivity, declining [CO2(aq)], and closed basin conditions, were abruptly terminated by intervals of open hydrology recorded by sharply depleted 18Ocell. Two of these events, at 5000 and 4500 BP, are correlated with increased total organic content and Picea mariana pollen concentration, which indicate that high levels of productivity were also accompanied by northern treeline advances. A third treeline advance at about 2500 BP is also marked by an apparent outflow event from Toronto Lake, but this was not associated with 13Corg/cell enrichment in the sediment record because rapid and substantial lake water renewal probably prevented productivity-driven enrichment of the dissolved inorganic carbon and replenished the CO2(aq) supply to thriving phytoplankton. However, high sediment organic content during this period suggests increased productivity. Increases in the inflow:evaporation ratio at about 6500 and 3500 BP were also sufficient to cause Toronto Lake to overflow but the prevailing climate during these periods apparently did not favour appreciable northward treeline migration or changes in lake productivity.This is the 14th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers 相似文献
104.
Multi-proxy paleoecological analyses were carried out on cores from a peatland in the continuous permafrost zone, to determine the effect of past climatic change on peatland development. Stratigraphy, bulk density and organic matter content were analyzed for eight cores from Campbell Creek peatland (69°17.3N, 133°15W). Detailed pollen and macrofossil analyses were carried out on two cores, and stable isotope analysis on one of those cores. The results indicate a succession, starting at 9000-9500 BP, from an open water mineral wetland with aquatic plants, to a fen dominated by Drepanocladus mosses and sedges, and then a change to a Sphagnum-dominated ombrotrophic vegetation typical of most of the peatland today. The beginning of the latter transition appears to coincide with the end of the early Holocene warm period. The physical stratigraphies of the other six cores indicate that a similar successional sequence occurred across the peatland, with some local variation. The transition to ombrotrophic conditions may be associated with the aggradation of permafrost in the peatland, in response to regional cooling. The effect of climate cooling on the peatland was probably indirect, through the aggradation of permafrost and associated hydrological changes. 相似文献
105.
Ramon J. Quiroga 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1978,53(2):295-333
The relative abundances of cool neutral hydrogen, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde are studied using all the available observational data in the literature. The obtained mean valuesN
H
1/
,N
H
1/N
CO,N
CO/
are approximately constant in the dark clouds of the solar neighbourhood and in the distant molecular clouds.The observed correlationsN
CO,A
v
and
,A
v
show that formaldehyde can also be used as an indicator of molecular hydrogen. The ratioN
H1/A
v
depends on densities and decays considerably in the ranges of visual absorptions in which the molecules become detectable (A
v
2 mg); an average of
/N
H
110 is calculated for the dense dark clouds.Indications of systematic temperature gradiens T/A
v
are found for formaldehyde and neutral hydrogen inside the dark clouds, and qualitative comparisons are made with theoretical quantum mechanics calculations.The observed carbon monoxide and formaldehyde abundances, the free electron layer in the Galaxy, the distribution of neutral hydrogen in different states are only compatible if an ionization rate of 10–16 is accepted, provided presumably by 2 MeV protons of cosmic radiation.Three main states for neutral hydrogen and dust are identified from different kinds of observational data (21 cm line in emission, absorption in galactic radio sources and self-absorption in the hot gas background): (1) a homogeneous intercloud stratum of tenuous gas and dust with a galactic halfwidth of 350 pc and mean parametersn
H=0.2 atom cm–3, spin temperatureT
s
10000 K andn
d
0.3 mg kpc–1; (2) cool gas and dust concentrated in spiral features with a galactic half-width of less than 100 pc, probably forming clouds with diffuse and indefinite limits, with mean parametersn
H2 atom cm–3,T
s
<1100 K (probable average,T
s
=135 K) andn
d
3 mg kpc–1; (3) dense gas and dust clouds with a mean diameter of 7 pc and mean parametersn
H700 atom cm–3 (90% in a molecular state),T
s
63 K andn
d
1 mg pc–1 on which molecules as CO and H2CO are formed.The application of the Jeans criteria for gravitational instability shows that the dense clouds are gravitationally bound while the gas in the intermediate state (2) can be protected against collapse by the total internal energy in the medium increasing due to cosmic rays and the magnetic field in the Galaxy.The observed velocity halfwidths and galacticZ-halfwidths in states (1) and (2) are compatible with a total mass density in the galactic layer of 90M
pc–2 (gas plus stars) according to the barometric equation.The relative abundancesN
H
1/N
CO, calculated from C12O and C13O data and comparisons with studies in the 21 cm emission line, show that the antenna temperatureT
A
+
in the 2.6 mm line of C12O is a good indicator of the cool gas densities in the Galaxy. The possible application of this for studies in galactic structure is discussed and hypothetical distributions of carbon monoxide in the zones outside the galactic planeB=0° are presented.From a synthesis based on the results obtained, a cycle is postulated for the neutral hydrogen in the Galaxy: condensation and cooling of gas molecular formation gravitational collapse and star formation gas dissipation and heating by cosmic rays and UV radiation. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
A review of the impacts of salmonid farming on marine coastal ecosystems in the southeast Pacific 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
109.
B. Casas M. Varela M. Canle N. González A. Bode 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,44(6):767-778
This study describes the main seasonal stages in oceanographic conditions and phytoplankton off La Coruña (Galicia, NW Spain), during 1991 and 1992, based mainly on monthly cruises near the coast. Upwelling conditions were studied using an upwelling index calculated from local winds. The Galician coast is affected by a long upwelling season for most of the year. The upwelling pulses interact with the thermal stratification-mixing cycle of surface waters, primarily affecting the dynamics of phytoplankton. In addition, the presence of water masses of different salinity in the subsurface layers changes the stratification of the water column. The less-saline North Atlantic Central Water (NACW) was normally associated with upwelling events during summer. However, on several occasions during the study, the presence of Eastern North Atlantic Water (ENAW) of subtropical origin was observed with salinities up to 36·22 and temperatures between 13 and 14 °C.Observations were grouped into five main stages related to the degree of surface stratification and characteristics of phytoplankton communities. These stages were recognized in both annual cycles, and were termed: winter mixing, spring and autumn blooms, summer upwelling, thermal stratification and special events (red tides and downwelling). A homogeneous water column was the main characteristic of the winter stage, with high nutrient concentrations and low phytoplankton biomass. Eastern North Atlantic Water appeared at the end of this stage, which lasted from November to February. The spring and autumn blooms occurred along with weak thermohaline gradients at the surface, producing high phytoplankton concentrations. Favourable upwelling conditions and the presence of ENAW in a subsurface layer were the factors that most likely induced earlier blooms, while thermal gradients developed at the surface could have been more important for later blooms. Upwelling events during summer were related to a reduction in the depth of the surface mixed layer as the pycnocline moved upwards, and can produce significant phytoplankton accumulations. These summer blooms interrupted the thermal stratification stage, characterized by low nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations at the surface. The dominant phytoplankton in the study was composed mainly of diatoms, especially during blooms. However, a proliferation of red-tide dinoflagellates was observed along with weak upwelling conditions in late summer. Also in late summer, strong downwelling conditions caused the accumulation of warmer shelf waters inshore, inducing the sinking of particulate matter produced at the surface. 相似文献
110.
Ramon Faustino M. Sales 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(7):395-404
Coastal areas are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and sea-level rise. These impacts will exacerbate the risks posed by the continuing environmental degradation confronting the coastal communities.Adopting a participatory research approach, the study examines the vulnerability of socioeconomic groups among the coastal population in Cavite City, Philippines, their current adaptation strategies and their adaptive capacity to cope with the impacts of climate variability and extremes and sea-level rise. Under a future scenario of a 1-m accelerated sea-level rise (ASLR), the study also looks into its potential effects on these urban coastal communities and ecosystems.In the context of poverty reduction and sustainable development, this study suggests a local framework for integrating adaptation strategies and actions into integrated coastal management (ICM) planning. It also recommends appropriate policy and institutional reform, capacity building and improved knowledge management towards increasing the resilience and adaptive capacity of these coastal communities to current and future climate risks. 相似文献