Different Asian Monsoon Rainfall Responses to Idealized Orography Sensitivity Experiments in the HadGEM3-GA6 and FGOALS-FAMIL Global Climate Models     

Kai Chi WONG  Senfeng LIU  Andrew G.TURNER  Reinhard K.SCHIEMANN 《大气科学进展》2018,35(8):1049-1062

Recent work has shown the dominance of the Himalaya in supporting the Indian summer monsoon(ISM),perhaps by surface sensible heating along its southern slope and by mechanical blocking acting to separate moist tropical flow from drier midlatitude air.Previous studies have also shown that Indian summer rainfall is largely unaffected in sensitivity experiments that remove only the Tibetan Plateau.However,given the large biases in simulating the monsoon in CMIP5 models,such results may be model dependent.This study investigates the impact of orographic forcing from the Tibetan Plateau,Himalaya and Iranian Plateau on the ISM and East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) in the UK Met Office's Had GEM3-GA6 and China's Institute of Atmospheric Physics FGOALS-FAMIL global climate models.The models chosen feature oppositesigned biases in their simulation of the ISM rainfall and circulation climatology.The changes to ISM and EASM circulation across the sensitivity experiments are similar in both models and consistent with previous studies.However,considerable differences exist in the rainfall responses over India and China,and in the detailed aspects such as onset and retreat dates.In particular,the models show opposing changes in Indian monsoon rainfall when the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau orography are removed.Our results show that a multi-model approach,as suggested in the forthcoming Global Monsoon Model Intercomparison Project(GMMIP) associated with CMIP6,is needed to clarify the impact of orographic forcing on the Asian monsoon and to fully understand the implications of model systematic error.  相似文献   

Regional geoid determination in Antarctica utilizing airborne gravity and topography data   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Mirko Scheinert  Jan Müller  Reinhard Dietrich  Detlef Damaske  Volkmar Damm 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(7):403-414

Antarctica is the only continent that suffers major gaps in terrestrial gravity data coverage. To overcome this problem and to close these gaps as well as to densify the global satellite gravity field solutions, the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Commission Project 2.4 “Antarctic Geoid” was set into action. This paper reviews the current situation concerning the gravity field in Antarctica. It is shown that airborne geophysical surveys are the most promising tools to gain new gravity data in Antarctica. In this context, a number of projects to be carried out during the International Polar Year 2007/2008 will contribute to this goal. To demonstrate the feasibility of the regional geoid improvement in Antarctica, we present a case study using gravity and topography data of the southern Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctica. During the processing, the remove–compute– restore (RCR) technique and least-squares collocation (LSC) were applied. Adding signal parts of up to 6 m to the global gravity field model that was used as a basis, the calculated regional quasigeoid reveals the dominant features of bedrock topography in that region, namely the graben structure of the Lambert glacier system. The accuracy of the improved regional quasigeoid is estimated to be at the level of 15 cm.  相似文献   

Co-ordinated traffic in a transponder based co-operative system. presentation of the NADAKOS- project     

Reinhard Müller  Thoralf Weißflog  Anke ZÖlder 《Ocean Dynamics》1997,49(4):499-510

  相似文献   

Correlation between rainfall and dust occurrence at mildura,Australia: The difference between local and source area rainfalls     

B. Yu  D. T. Neil  P. P. Hesse 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(7):723-727

In studies of temporal variation in dust activity, rainfall recorded at the same location as the dust events (local rainfall) has commonly been used as a climatic control variable. The main objectives of this note are to test the validity of using local rainfall and to determine the improvement in the relationship between rainfall and dust activity that could be achieved by using regional rainfall in the dust source area. For the period 1960-1989 at Mildura, Australia, the likely dust source area was identified by analysing wind direction during dust events. It was found that a marked improvement in the correlation between dust activity and antecedent rainfall can be achieved by using the regional source area rainfall rather than local rainfall. The improved correlation suggests that widespread drought is more important than local below-average rainfall in intensifying dust activity.  相似文献   

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Bias on Isotope Ratios in Dolomite–Ankerite,Part II: δ13C Matrix Effects          下载免费PDF全文

Maciej G. Śliwiński  Kouki Kitajima  Reinhard Kozdon  Michael J. Spicuzza  John H. Fournelle  Adam Denny  John W. Valley 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(2):173-184

This study is Part II of a series that documents the development of a suite of calibration reference materials for in situ SIMS analysis of stable isotope ratios in Ca‐Mg‐Fe carbonates. Part I explored the effects of Fe²⁺ substitution on SIMS δ¹⁸O bias measured from the dolomite–ankerite solid solution series [CaMg(CO₃)₂–CaFe(CO₃)₂], whereas this complementary work explores the compositional dependence of SIMS δ¹³C bias (calibrated range: Fe# = 0.004–0.789, where Fe# = molar Fe/(Mg+Fe)). Under routine operating conditions for carbonate δ¹³C analysis at WiscSIMS (CAMECA IMS 1280), the magnitude of instrumental bias increased exponentially by 2.5–5.5‰ (session‐specific) with increasing Fe‐content in the dolomite structure, but appeared insensitive to minor Mn substitution [< 2.6 mole % Mn/(Ca+Mg+Fe+Mn)]. The compositional dependence of bias (i.e., the matrix effect) was expressed using the Hill equation, yielding calibration residual values ≤ 0.3‰ relative to CRM NBS‐19 for eleven carbonate reference materials (6‐μm‐diameter spot size measurements). Based on the spot‐to‐spot repeatability of a drift monitor material that ‘bracketed’ each set of ten sample‐spot analyses, the analytical precision was ± 0.6–1.2‰ (2s, standard deviations). The analytical uncertainty for individual sample analyses was approximated by combining the precision and calibration residual values (propagated in quadrature), suggesting an uncertainty of ± 1.0–1.5‰ (2s).  相似文献   

Modular development of an inline monitoring system for waterborne pathogens in raw and drinking water     

Daniel Karthe  Ole Behrmann  Verena Blättel  Dennis Elsässer  Christian Heese  Matthias Hügle  Frank Hufert  Andreas Kunze  Reinhard Niessner  Johannes Ho  Buren Scharaw  Matthias Spoo  Andreas Tiehm  Gerald Urban  Silvia Vosseler  Thomas Westerhoff  Gregory Dame  Michael Seidel 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(23):1481

The state-of-the-art monitoring of drinking water hygiene is based on the cultivation and enumeration of indicator bacteria. Despite its proven reliability, this approach has the disadvantages of being (a) relatively slow and (b) limited to a small number of indicator bacteria. Ideally, alternative methods would be less time-consuming while providing information about a larger set of hygienically relevant microorganisms including viruses. In this paper, we present insights into the design of a modular concentration and detection system for bacteria, bacteriophages and viruses. Following further validation, this or similar techniques have the potential to extend and speed up the monitoring of raw and drinking water hygiene in the future. The system consists of different modules for the concentration of microorganisms, an amplification and detection unit that includes a module for the differentiation between live and dead microorganisms, and an automated system for decision support and self-diagnosis. The ongoing testing under controlled laboratory conditions and real-life conditions in the water supply industry yields further system improvements. Moreover, the increased sensitivity and broader range of microbiological parameters emphasize the need for a reconsideration of the currently used criteria for the assessment of (drinking) water hygiene.  相似文献   

Do predatory fish of benthic crustaceans vary between kelp and barren reef habitats in northeastern New Zealand?     

J Hesse  JA Stanley  AG Jeffs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(3):339-357

Fish assemblages that included known predators of benthic crustaceans were compared between kelp and barren habitats in northeastern New Zealand using baited underwater video census methods. The benthic-feeding fish were observed in winter, spring/summer and autumn, as well as during night-time in spring/summer. Overall, the fish assemblages varied between barren and kelp habitat, being most marked in winter. Individual benthic-feeding species, such as grey mao mao (Scorpis lineolatus) and leatherjacket (Meuschenia scaber) were associated with barren habitat, while the spotted wrasse (Notolabrus celidotus) was more strongly associated with kelp habitat. The results suggest that changes in habitats on coastal reefs affect populations of species that are benthic predators, which may in turn influence the distribution and abundance of their prey species, such as juvenile spiny lobsters.  相似文献   

The resolution sensitivity of the South Asian monsoon and Indo-Pacific in a global 0.35° AGCM     

Stephanie J. Johnson  Richard C. Levine  Andrew G. Turner  Gill M. Martin  Steven J. Woolnough  Reinhard Schiemann  Matthew S. Mizielinski  Malcolm J. Roberts  Pier Luigi Vidale  Marie-Estelle Demory  Jane Strachan 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(3-4):807-831

  相似文献   

Ein Beitrag zur Luftdichte     

Dr. W. Hesse 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1949,15(3-4):190-194

  相似文献   

Höhenwindverhältnisse im Gebiete des Ärmelkanals     

H. Reinhard 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1951,3(1):110-122

  相似文献