Design parameters for borehole strain instrumentation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Michael T. Gladwin  Rhodes Hart 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(1):59-80

The response of a borehole strain meter to hydrostatic and shear deformations in an isotropic medium is calculated to facilitate optimum instrument design and produce instrument response factors for parameters typically encountered in installed instruments. Results for an empty borehole are first compared with results for an instrument in intimate contact with the surrounding rock. The effects of the grout used to install the instrument are then examined. Where possible, analytic forms for the response factors are given. Results for typical installations are then presented in graphical form for optimizing instrument design in an environment of known elastic parameters. Alternatively, the results may be applied in the measurement of unknown strain signals, to correct for instrument response or to provide in-situ estimates of the elastic properties of the environment by examination of observed strain response to known strain signals.  相似文献   

Potential of interplanetary torques and solar modulation for triggering terrestrial atmospheric and lithospheric events     

Rhodes W. Fairbridge  Hans J. Haubold  Göran Windelius 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,70(1-3):179-181

The Sun is forced into an orbit around the barycenter of the solar system because of the changing mass distributions of the planets. Solar-planetary-lunar dynamic relationships may form a new basis for understanding and predicting cyclic solar forcing functions on the Earth's climate.  相似文献   

Importance of orographic precipitation to the water resources of Monteverde,Costa Rica     

Andrew J. Guswa  Amy L. Rhodes  Silvia E. Newell 《Advances in water resources》2007

Monteverde, Costa Rica harbors montane forests that exemplify the delicate balances among climate, hydrology, habitat, and development. Most of the annual precipitation to this region arrives during the wet season, but the importance of orographic precipitation during the dry and transitional seasons should not be underestimated. Development associated with ecotourism has put significant stress on water resources, and recent work has shown evidence that changes in regional land-cover and global climate may lead to reduced precipitation and cloud cover and a subsequent decline in endemic species.  相似文献   

Toxicity assessment of New Zealand and Pacific dinoflagellates Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus (Dinophyceae) extracts using bioassays     

PA Argyle  DT Harwood  LL Rhodes  O Champeau  LA Tremblay 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(3):444-456

The dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis produces palytoxin-like compounds (PLTXs) and the genus Gambierdiscus produces ciguatoxins (CTXs) and maitotoxin (MTX). Human illness has been recorded following the consumption of CTX-contaminated finfish. Their effects on the flora and fauna in the environment are largely unexplored. Toxin profiles of extracts of Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus isolates from the Pacific region were characterised using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sea urchin (Evechinus chloriticus) fertilisation was unaffected by any algal extracts, but extracts containing maitotoxin-3 (MTX-3, but not MTX or CTXs), or with high concentrations of PLTXs, were toxic to urchin larval development. Gambierdiscus extracts containing CTXs elicited toxic responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicity assays; extracts containing only MTX-3 elicited a limited response. Ostreopsis extracts containing PLTXs caused no response. The results demonstrate potential impacts of toxic dinoflagellates on larval organisms and the potential of embryonic assays as toxicity screening tools.  相似文献   

FITC‐conjugated lectins as a tool for differentiating between toxic and non‐toxic marine dinoflagellates     

Lesley L. Rhodes  Allison J. Haywood  David W. Fountain 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):359-365

FITC‐conjugated lectins proved to be effective probes for differentiating between morphologically similar dinoflagellate species isolated from New Zealand coastal waters. In particular the binding (fluorescence) of peanut (PNA) lectin differentiated G. mikimotoi from Gymnodinium sp. (Waimangu) and G. pulchellum and the non‐binding of Helix pomatia (HPA) and wheat germ (WGA) lectins discriminated between G. mikimotoi and the other Gymnodinium species tested. G. breve (Florida) was differentiated from the New Zealand isolates by binding with soy bean (SBA) lectin. Ulex europeus (UEA) distinguished the toxic species Alexandrium minutum from the morphologically similar, but non‐toxic, Cachonina hallii. Two strains of Prorocentrum lima (Spain and Rangaunu) were not differentiated by the lectins, but P. lima was differentiated from P. compressum.  相似文献   

International accreditation of sandwich hybridisation assay format DNA probes for micro‐algae     

Katie Ayers  Lesley L. Rhodes  John Tyrrell  Melissa Gladstone  Chris Scholin 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1225-1231

The sandwich hybridisation assay (SHA) is a DNA probe‐based method for rapid identification and enumeration of toxic micro‐algae which uses species specific oligonucleotide probes targeted at ribosomal RNA. It is suited to fragile micro‐algal cells which commonly collapse during the fixation stage of sample collection, compromising identification by traditional microscopy. The assay has been available for research for several years, but was validated and accepted for international accreditation for commercial laboratory use in New Zealand in May 2004 (International Accreditation New Zealand: ISO 17025). During the validation of the raphidophyte assay, some discrepancies were noted between SHA cell concentration estimates and traditional light microscope cell counts. Higher SHA estimates were recorded when blooms had collapsed but rRNA was still present in sea water. Conversely, higher traditional cell counts occurred when sample delivery was delayed more than 48 h, presumably owing to degradation of rRNA in the live cultures used for the SHA. SHA cell concentration estimates of the toxic diatom bloom‐former Pseudo‐nitzschia australis were also compared with whole cell format DNA probe counts and traditional microscope counts; SHA counts were comparable for the three methods tested.  相似文献   

Land Use and Prehistory in South-East Spain,Antonio Gilman and John B. Thornes, 1985, George Allen & Unwin,London-Boston-Sydney 217 p., £ Sterling 25.00     

Rhodes W. Fairbridge 《Geoarchaeology》1986,1(4):397-397

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