Back to the Future? Planning for environmental outcomes and the new Caring for our Country program     

T.H. Morrison  C. McAlpine  J.R. Rhodes  A. Peterson  P. Schmidt 《The Australian geographer》2010,41(4):521-538

The Australian government Caring for our Country (CfoC) program, first announced in 2008, has sought to build on and enhance previous experience with Australian natural resource management policy. This paper critically examines the initial design, planned delivery, and first round of competitive funding outcomes of the new program. This analysis shows that the initial design and delivery of the CfoC model was ad hoc, politicised, and lacking in transparency. The paper concludes that a more systematic and transparent approach for achieving sustainable environmental outcomes is required in order for this new program to achieve its intended objectives. These implications are of interest to Australian and international geographers, natural resource planners, scientists and policy makers concerned with the design, delivery and outcomes of large natural resource and environmental management programs.  相似文献   

Measuring proton energies and fluxes using EIT (SOHO) CCD areas outside the solar disk images     

L. V. Didkovsky  D. L. Judge  A. R. Jones  E. J. Rhodes  J. B. Gurman 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2006,327(4):314-320

An indirect proton flux measuring tool based on discrimination of the energy deposited by protons in 128 × 128 pixel EIT CCD areas outside the solar disk images is presented. Single pixel intensity events are converted into proton incident energy flux using modeled energy deposition curves for angles of incidence ±60° in four EIT spatial areas with different proton stopping power. The extracted proton flux is corrected for both the loss of one‐pixel events in the range of angles of incidence as well as for the contribution to the single pixel events resulting from scattered middle‐energy protons (low‐energy or high‐energy particles are stopped by the EIT components or pass through them, accordingly). A simple geometrical approach was found and applied to correct for a non‐unique relation between the proton‐associated CCD output signal and the incident proton energy. With this geometrical approximation four unique proton incident energy ranges were determined as 45–49, 145–154, 297–335, and 390–440 MeV. The indirect proton flux measuring tool has been tested by comparing Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) flux temporal profiles extracted from the EIT CCD frames and downloaded from the GOES database for the Bastille Day (BD) of 2000 July 14 and the more recent 2005 January 20 events. The SEP flux temporal profiles and proton spectra extracted from the EIT in the relatively narrow energy ranges between 45 and 440 MeV reported here are consistent with the related GOES profiles. The four additional EIT extracted ranges provide higher energy resolution of the SEP data. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Eiszeitklima in Nordafrika     

Prof. Rhodes W. Fairbridge 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1964,54(1):399-414

Zusammenfassung Die gewöhnlich angenommene Wechselbeziehung zwischen den europäischen Glazialen und den nordafrikanischen Regenperioden trifft nur zu im Hinblick auf die Küstenländer des Mittelmeeres. Das Studium der Nil-Ablagerungen (gemessen mit C¹⁴-Werten) zeigt, da\ die tropischen Regen nahezu zum Stillstand kamen während des Spät-Würms, und da\ Sahara-Dünen mindestens 1000 km südlicher lagen, verglichen mit ihrer heutigen Lage, was auf einen allgemeinen Rückgang der tropischen Monsune hindeutet.Vor etwa 7–11000 Jahren traten starke interglaziale Regenperioden auf. Vereinzelte Sommerregen, d. h. Monsunregenfälle, wanderten 2000–3000 km nach Norden, verglichen mit ihrer Grenze in der Eiszeit, bis zur nordafrikanischen Küste (begleitet von Tieren savannenähnlicher Biotope). Der dauernde Rückgang der Nil-Gewässer und die zunehmende Austrocknung Nordafrikas gaben dem späteren Holozän sein Gepräge, was man als eine Abkühlungsphase nach dem postglazialen Klimaoptimum bezeichnen kann.

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The traditional correlation of European ice ages with North African pluvial phases is only correct with respect to the Mediterranean coastal land. Studies of Nile sedimentation (with C¹⁴ dates) show that tropical rainfall nearly ceased during the Late Würm and that Sahara dune systems lay at least 1000 km. S. of the present, indicating a general retreat of the tropical monsoon.Strong interglacial pluvial phases occurred between 11000 and 7000 years ago. Sporadic summer rain and the monsoon rains migrated 2000–3000 km. north of their ice-age limit, to reach the north African coast (accompanied by savannah-type animals). Sporadic summer rains returned to Alexandria 2000 years ago. Steady drop of the Nile volume and progressive dessication of North Africa has marked the Late Holocene, which is interpreted as showing a postinterglacial cooling trend.

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Petrologic provinces in Jurassic tholeiites of Gondwanaland     

Rodney C. Rhodes  Theodore J. Bornhorst 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1976,65(1):930-938

Application of discriminant function analysis to the Jurassic tholeiites of Gondwanaland allows delineation of three petrologic subprovinces. TiO₂ is the most important element in discrimination and a combination of TiO₂ and P₂O₅ was found to be the most suitable. Tholeiites in the foredeep of the Gondwanide fold belt are distinctly different in minor-element composition from those in zones of deep fracturing associated with the Nuanetsi rift-rift-rift triple junction in southern Africa. Intermediate basalt types are found in areas of regional tension not associated with rifted plate margins. The minor-element composition of tholeiites is dependant upon the depth (pressure) from which the magma was tapped and is closely related to prevailing regional tectonic environments.  相似文献   

Locating VOC Contamination in a Fractured-Rock Aquifer at the Ground-Water/Surface-Water Interface Using Passive Vapor Collectors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. A. Vroblesky  L. C. Rhodes  J. F. Robertson  J. A. Harrigan 《Ground water》1996,34(2):223-230

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WATER ALLOCATION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: INSTITUTIONS AND ADAPTATION     

KATHLEEN A. Miller  STEVEN L. Rhodes  LAWRENCE J. Macdonnell 《Climatic change》1997,35(2):157-177

Global warming may profoundly affect temporal and spatial distributions of surface water availability. While climate modelers cannot yet predict regional hydrologic changes with confidence, it is appropriate to begin examining the likely effects of water allocation institutions on society's adaptability to prospective climate change. Such institutions include basic systems of water law, specific statutes, systems of administration and enforcement, and social norms regarding acceptable water-use practices. Both climate and the changing nature of demands on the resource have affected the development and evolution of water allocation institutions in the United States. Water laws and administrative arrangements, for example, have adapted to changing circumstances, but the process of adaptation can be costly and subject to conflict. Analysis of past and ongoing institutional change is used to identify factors that may have a bearing on the costliness of adaptation to the uncertain impacts of global warming on water availability and water demands. Several elements are identified that should be incorporated in the design of future water policies to reduce the potential for disputes and resource degradation that might otherwise result if climate change alters regional hydrology.  相似文献   

Petroleum NAPL Depletion Estimates and Selection of Marker Constituents from Compositional Analysis     

George E. DeVaull  Ileana A. L. Rhodes  Emiliano Hinojosa  Cristin L. Bruce 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2020,40(4):44-53

Spills and releases of hydrocarbons may result in zones of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) within soils and groundwater. The NAPL will change, or “weather” over time due to a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Hydrocarbon constituents in environmental samples collected from NAPL-impacted groundwater wells, sediments, or soils vary in composition over time due to weathering. The changing composition can be used to estimate mass depletion rates and trends for the bulk NAPL and for individual constituent chemicals relative to marker constituents which are less susceptible to weathering. Methods for the selection of marker constituents and for quantitatively and conservatively estimating NAPL depletion rates and trends over time are shown. Estimates are included for two sites with different NAPL mixtures present (crude oil and gasoline/diesel-range product), for which depletion of half the initial total NAPL is estimated at 13.6 ± 2.9 years and 7.3 ± 1.8 years respectively, and with no active NAPL remediation at either site. Similar methods for oil or NAPL depletion estimates have often relied on a prior-identified suite of presumed-conserved marker constituents. The method presented here includes steps which identify the best set of analyzed candidate marker constituents in a NAPL mixture. This can confirm prior-selected markers but is particularly useful for NAPL mixtures in which no prior-identified marker constituents are present.  相似文献   

The influence of sampling design on spatial data quality in a geographic citizen science project     

Greg Brown  Jonathan Rhodes  Daniel Lunney  Ross Goldingay  Kelly Fielding  Nicole Garofano  Scott Hetherington  Marama Hopkins  Jo Green  Skye McNamara  Angie Brace  Lorraine Vass  Linda Swankie  Clive McAlpine 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(6):1184-1203

Geographic citizen science has much potential to assist in wildlife research and conservation, but the quality of observation data is a key concern. We examined the effects of sampling design on the quality of spatial data collected for a koala citizen science project in Australia. Data were collected from three samples—volunteers (n = 454), an Internet panel (n = 103), and landowners (n = 35)—to assess spatial data quality, a dimension of citizen science projects rarely considered. The locational accuracy of koala observations among the samples was similar when benchmarked against authoritative data (i.e., an expert‐derived koala distribution model), but there were differences in the quantity of data generated. Fewer koala location data were generated per participant by the Internet panel sample than the volunteer or landowner samples. Spatial preferences for land uses affecting koala conservation were also mapped, with landowners more likely to map locations for residential and tourism development and volunteers less likely. These spatial preferences have the potential to influence the social acceptability of future koala conservation proposals. With careful sampling design, both citizen observations and land use preferences can be included within the same project to augment scientific assessments and identify conservation opportunities and constraints.  相似文献   

Relic permafrost structures in the Gobi of Mongolia: age and significance     

Lewis A. Owen  Ben Richards  Edward J. Rhodes  W. Dickson Cunningham  Brian F. Windley  J. Badamgarav  D. Dorjnamjaa 《第四纪科学杂志》1998,13(6):539-547

Relict permafrost structures (ice-wedge casts and cryoturbation structures) are present in the Gobi of southern Mongolia. Luminescence dates of sediments are presented to constrain the age of formation of permafrost structures. These data show that there was a phase of permafrost development during the latter part of the Last Glacial (after about 22 to 15 ka) that resulted in cryoturbated sediments and ice-wedge casts. Furthermore, permafrost degradation occurred during late Pleistocene times (13–10 ka) and was absent during the early Holocene. These permafrost structures mark the southernmost evidence of permafrost in northern Asia during late Quaternary times and indicate that the mean annual air temperature was below approximately −6°C during their formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A paleolimnological record of anthropogenic disturbances at Holmes Lake,Adirondack Mountains,New York     

Thomas E. Rhodes 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1991,5(3):255-262

Holmes Lake, Adirondack Mountains, New York, is a clear-water acidic lake that was treated with lime in 1983 to permit stocking of trout. Diatom assemblages in dated sediments reflect three anthropogenic modifications of the lake ecosystem: 1) assemblages from the mid- and late 1800's are associated with historical and sedimentary records of forest clearance, and indicate slightly increased pH; 2) acidobiontic species increase in sediments from the mid-1900's, a period of local reforestation and regionally increasing anthropogenic acid loading; 3) liming caused large increases of circumneutral periphytic species in the first growing season, and decreases of acidobiontic species by the second.  相似文献