Paleolimnological features of a mega-lake phase in the Makgadikgadi Basin (Kalahari,Botswana) during Marine Isotope Stage 5 inferred from diatoms     

Mareike Schmidt  Markus Fuchs  Andrew C. G. Henderson  Annette Kossler  Melanie J. Leng  Anson W. Mackay  Elisha Shemang  Frank Riedel 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,58(3):373-390

The Makgadikgadi–Okavango–Zambezi basin (MOZB) is a structural depression in the south-western branch of the East African Rift System of the northern and middle Kalahari, central southern Africa. In the present day, the mainly dry subbasins of the MOZB are part of a long-lived lacustrine system that has likely existed since Early Pleistocene and from which an extant freshwater fish radiation emerged seeding all major river systems of southern Africa. During hydrologically favourable periods the subbasins were connected as a single mega-lake termed Lake Palaeo-Makgadikgadi. Previous geomorphological studies and OSL dates have provided evidence for repeated mega-lake periods since approximately 300 ka. The environmental and climatic implications of such large scale late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations are controversial, with the duration of mega-lake phases poorly constrained. Here, we present the first evidence for a Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 mega-lake period (about 935–940 m a.s.l.) reconstructed from a diatom-rich, 30-cm-thick lacustrine sediment section, exposed close to a palaeo-shoreline of the Makgadikgadi Basin. Based upon the environmental setting and in comparison with sedimentation rates of other similar lake environments, we tentatively estimated that the highstand lasted approximately 1 ka during MIS 5d–b. The 30-cm section was sampled in 0.5-cm steps. Diatom species diversity ranges from 19 to 30 through the section. The dominant species are Pseudostaurosira brevistriata, Rhopalodia gibberula, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Epithemia sorex. The total of 60 sediment samples provide us with a record at decadal to bi-decadal resolution. Based on diatom assemblages and their oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O) we infer an alkaline and mostly oligohaline lake with shallow water conditions prevailing in MIS 5, and is potentially analogous to a Heinrich event. The climate over southern Africa during MIS 5 has been considered very arid but the hydromorphological context of our sediment section indicates that we captured a mega-lake period providing evidence that short-term excursions to significantly higher humidity existed. A hydrologically more favourable environment during MIS 5 than formerly presumed is in line with the early human occupation of the Kalahari.  相似文献   

How the Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea,Müller, 1774) adapts to environment change: Isotopic evidence     

Zhou  Hui  Liu  Congqiang  Lee  Xinqing  Riedel  Frank  Spiess  Alexander  Zhao  Yanlong  Yan  Hui  Ding  Wenci  Jiang  Wei 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(1):17-17

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Gas hydrate saturation in the Krishna–Godavari basin from P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity logs     

Uma Shankar  Michael Riedel 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1768-1778

During the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01, a series of well logs were acquired at several sites across the Krishna–Godavari (KG) Basin. Electrical resistivity logs were used for gas hydrate saturation estimates using Archie’s method. The measured in situ pore-water salinity, seafloor temperature and geothermal gradients were used to determine the baseline pore-water resistivity. In the absence of core data, Arp’s law was used to estimate in situ pore-water resistivity. Uncertainties in the Archie’s approach are related to the calibration of Archie coefficient (a), cementation factor (m) and saturation exponent (n) values. We also have estimated gas hydrate saturation from sonic P-wave velocity logs considering the gas hydrate in-frame effective medium rock-physics model. Uncertainties in the effective medium modeling stem from the choice of mineral assemblage used in the model. In both methods we assume that gas hydrate forms in sediment pore space. Combined observations from these analyses show that gas hydrate saturations are relatively low (<5% of the pore space) at the sites of the KG Basin. However, several intervals of increased saturations were observed e.g. at Site NGHP-01-03 (S_h = 15–20%, in two zones between 168 and 198 mbsf), Site NGHP-01-05 (S_h = 35–38% in two discrete zone between 70 and 90 mbsf), and Site NGHP-01-07 shows the gas hydrate saturation more than 25% in two zones between 75 and 155 mbsf. A total of 10 drill sites and associated log data, regional occurrences of bottom-simulating reflectors from 2D and 3D seismic data, and thermal modeling of the gas hydrate stability zone, were used to estimate the total amount of gas hydrate within the KG Basin. Average gas hydrate saturations for the entire gas hydrate stability zone (seafloor to base of gas hydrate stability), sediment porosities, and statistically derived extreme values for these parameters were defined from the logs. The total area considered based on the BSR seismic data covers ∼720 km². Using the statistical ranges in all parameters involved in the calculation, the total amount of gas from gas hydrate in the KG Basin study area varies from a minimum of ∼5.7 trillion-cubic feet (TCF) to ∼32.1 TCF.  相似文献   

A late Quaternary lake record from the Qilian Mountains (NW China): evolution of the primary production and the water depth reconstructed from macrofossil, pollen, biomarker, and isotope data   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ulrike Herzschuh  Chengjun Zhang  Steffen Mischke  Rainer Herzschuh  Farhid Mohammadi  Birgit Mingram  Harald Kürschner  Frank Riedel 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,46(1-4):361

The history (45–0 ka BP) of the aquatic vegetation composition of the shallow alpine Lake Luanhaizi from the NE Tibetan Plateau is inferred from aquatic plant macrofossil frequencies and aquatic pollen and algae concentrations in the sediments. C/N (range: 0.3–100), δ¹³C (range: −28 to −15‰), and n-alkane measurements yielded further information on the quantitative composition of sedimentary organic matter. The inferred primary production of the former lake ecosystem has been examined in respect of the alternative stable state theory of shallow lakes [Scheffer, M., 1989. Alternative stable states in eutrophic, shallow freshwater systems: a minimal model. Hydrobiological Bulletin 23, 73–83]. Switches between clear and turbid water conditions are explained by a colder climate and forest decline in the catchment area of Lake Luanhaizi. The macrofossil-based reconstruction of past water depth and salinity ranges, as well as other organic matter (OM) proxies allowed climatic inferences of the summer monsoon intensity during the late Quaternary. Around 45 ka BP, conditions similar to or even moister than present-day climate occurred. The Lake Luanhaizi record is further evidence against an extensive glaciation of the Tibetan Plateau and its bordering mountain ranges during the Last Glacial Maximum. Highest lake levels and consequently a strong summer monsoon are recorded for the early Holocene period, while gradually decreasing lake levels are reconstructed for the middle and late Holocene.  相似文献   

Did the 1999 earthquake swarm on Gakkel Ridge open a volcanic conduit? A detailed teleseismic data analysis     

Carsten Riedel  Vera Schlindwein 《Journal of Seismology》2010,14(3):505-522

In 1999, a seismic swarm of 237 teleseismically recorded events marked a submarine eruption along the Arctic Gakkel Ridge, later on also analyzed by sonar, bathymetric, hydrothermal, and local seismic studies. We relocated the swarm with the global location algorithm HYPOSAT and analyzed the waveforms of the stations closest to the events by cross-correlation. We find event locations scattered around 85°35^′ N and 85° E at the southern rift wall and inside the rift valley of the Gakkel Ridge. Waveforms of three highly correlating events indicate a volumetric moment tensor component and highly precise referenced double-difference arrival times lead us to believe that they occur at the same geographical position and mark the conduit located further southeast close to a chain of recently imaged volcanic cones. This result is supported by station residual anomalies in the direction of the potential conduit. Seismicity is focused at the crust–mantle boundary at 16–20 km depth, but ascending toward the potential conduit during the beginning of April 1999, indicating an opening of the vent.  相似文献   

LA-ICPMS原位微区面扫描分析技术及其矿床学应用实例     

周伶俐  曾庆栋  孙国涛  段晓侠  BONNETTIChristophe  RIEGLERThomas  LONGDarrelGF  KAMBERBalz 《岩石学报》2019,35(7):1964-1978

LA-ICPMS原位微区面扫描技术的发展对解析具有包裹体、环带结构的矿物或受多期岩浆/热液活动影响形成的溶蚀再结晶的矿物具有重要的地质意义。黄铁矿作为最普遍的硫化物种类之一,可形成于各种类型矿床中,其微量元素组份记录了矿床形成过程的重要信息。通过LA-ICPMS原位微区面扫描技术获得的黄铁矿晶体内部结构组份信息可用来限定成矿流体的性质、厘定成矿流体的演化规律、示踪成矿物质来源、约束变形变质作用过程中元素的活化和迁移行为,以及约束矿床成因等。本次研究选取了内蒙古二连盆地中巴彦乌拉大型铀矿床、辽宁青城子地区榛子沟铅锌矿、加拿大Pardo砂金矿中的黄铁矿作为研究对象,运用原位微区LA-ICPMS元素面扫描技术揭示其内部组份及结构信息,探索该技术在不同类型矿床中的应用价值。巴彦乌拉大型砂岩型铀矿床中的黄铁矿的内部组构信息显示成矿体系的p H和Eh对硫酸盐还原细菌活动均有影响,并控制与之相关的铀矿化;且成矿体系的p H和Eh受到外界不断供给的地下水的影响,呈振荡性变化。辽宁榛子沟铅锌矿中的黄铁矿的内部组构信息显示矿化过程受到了至少两期流体活动的叠加影响,包括早期同沉积时期的流体以及晚期与燕山期岩浆活动有关的热液流体。加拿大Pardo金矿中黄铁矿的内部组构信息显示矿床中半自形-自形的黄铁矿实际包含碎屑成因的磨圆状核部及后期热液活动形成的增生边;金主要呈浸染状分布在碎屑成因的黄铁矿核部,后期热液活动对金矿化影响微弱。  相似文献   

Microstructural Development During Nucleation and Growth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael R. Riedel  Shun-Ichiro Karato 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,125(2):397-414

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An Operational Application of Automatic Feature Extraction: The Measurement of Cracks in Concrete Structures   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Paul Dare  Harry Hanley  Clive Fraser  Björn Riedel  & Wolfgang Niemeier 《The Photogrammetric Record》2002,17(99):453-464

An understanding of the evolution of cracks in concrete structures due to long term natural deformation is important to civil engineers, but quantitative measurements can be difficult to make. However, digital imaging offers a potential solution. This short paper illustrates the operational application of automated image processing techniques for accurate, multi-temporal crack measurements. The first part of this paper provides an overview of automatic feature extraction, essential for automatic crack detection. The latter part describes the methods developed for detecting and measuring cracks. Due to the long term nature of the application, operational results have yet to be finalised, although sample results are presented  相似文献   

雷琼地区第四纪地磁极性年表——火山岩钾-氩年龄及古地磁学证据   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

葛同明  陈文寄 《地球物理学报》1989,32(5):550-558

雷琼地区火山岩的钾-氩同位素年龄测定和古地磁极性研究表明,新生代在该地区的岩浆活动一直很强烈。火山岩的生成年代不晚于中新世晚期,至更新世岩浆活动尤为强烈。 研究也表明中新世晚期以来这里的地球磁场极性变化规律与近期发表的地磁极性年表大体相符,并肯定了数个尚有争议的短期极性事件的存在。年代为0.58±0.13Ma的反极性火山岩的资料肯定了安比拉（Emperor）事件的存在。研究还证实了布容/松山极性时界线之下和哈拉米洛极性亚时之上有一短期的极性事件,其年代约为0.78±0.03Ma.在奥尔都维和哈拉米洛极性亚时之间存在有另一正极性事件,这可能相当于吉尔萨（Gilsa）事件。  相似文献   

Quantifying the impact of chemicals on stable carbon and oxygen isotope values of raw pollen     

Carolina Müller  Julian Hennig  Frank Riedel  Gerhard Helle 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(3):441-449

Purification protocols to extract pollen from lake sediments contain chemicals that alter the carbon and oxygen pollen-isotope values according to pollen characteristics and family affiliation. Modern (raw) pollen of broad-leaved (Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur) and coniferous tree species (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) were treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) to test the impact on δ¹³C_pollen and δ¹⁸O_pollen and assess the applicability in purification protocols. Pollen of broad-leaved and coniferous trees reacted differently to chemical exposure, but response patterns are generally alike. Alterations of δ¹³C_pollen values vary between + 1.0‰ (B. pendula, NaClO-treatment) and −5.0‰ (P. sylvestris, H₂SO₄-treatment). The δ¹³C_pollen values of raw and chemically treated samples seem to be related after treatments with KOH, NaClO and HF, whereas the application of H₂SO₄ led to inconsistent changes among species. The impact of chemicals on δ¹⁸O_pollen are more diverse and offsets range between +1.1‰ (C. avellana, NaClO-treatment) and −17.9‰ (P. sylvestris, H₂SO₄-treatment). In general, the use of isotope-altering chemicals in purification protocols should be brought to a minimum, but the application of KOH and NaClO seems mostly unproblematic before δ¹³C_pollen and δ¹⁸O_pollen analysis.  相似文献