西藏高原强对流天气及短临预报研究进展     

肖天贵  假拉  肖光梁 《成都信息工程学院学报》2011,(4):163-172

高原地区的强对流天气突发性强、易多发、强度大、影响重、预报难,但针对高原地区强对流天气及其短临预报系统的总结还较少。由于高原特殊的地理环境及显著的热力作用和动力作用的影响,高原强对流天气具有不同于东部平原地区的独特特征,其研究进展概括具有重要指导意义。概括了青藏高原地区尤其是西藏地区强对流天气研究的进展,包括高原地区强对流天气气候特征,高原强对流天气的环流背景及影响系统,强对流天气的预报技术、相关短临预报系统等,为进一步的研究工作和短临预报系统建设提供研究背景。  相似文献   

The BeppoSAX High Energy Large Area Survey (HELLAS) – VI. The radio properties     

P. Ciliegi  C. Vignali  A. Comastri  F. Fiore  F. La Franca  G. C. Perola 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,342(2):575-586

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Are the small active regions related to the decay of the larger ones?     

J. I. De La Rosa Garcia 《Solar physics》1983,89(1):51-62

According to several properties, the active regions are divided in two groups whose limit is roughly set at 10²¹ Mx. A statistical analysis indicates that the small regions emerge almost exclusively in the remnant magnetic regions, resulting from the decay of previous active centers. According to these facts, a tentative picture is proposed, where the small active regions and perhaps also the ephemeral ones, are the secondary effects after the decay of the large active regions and complexes of activity.  相似文献   

Measurements of the vertical distribution of ozone by ground-based microwave techniques at the Bordeaux Observatory during the June 1981 intercomparison campaign     

J. De La Noe  A. Baudry  M. Perault  P. Dierich  N. Monnanteuil  J.M. Colmont 《Planetary and Space Science》1983,31(7):737-741

Spectra of the ozone emission line at 110.832 GHz were obtained by a ground-based technique using radio microwaves at the Bordeaux Observatory, France, during the Intercomparison Ozone Campaign on 19 and 26 June 1981. From the spectra, it is possible to obtain altitude profiles of the ozone concentration by a model-fitting computation method which is briefly described.The resulting profiles are given, which can be compared with other observations in the same altitude range.  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的西藏荒漠化遥感监测研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

拉巴  扎西欧珠  白玛央宗  顿玉多吉 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(4):39-46

基于MODIS卫星NDVI产品构建了西藏荒漠化监测模型,利用该模型分析了2000—2017年全区荒漠化时空分布特征和趋势变化,并利用实地调查的植被覆盖度及影像资料进行模型验证。结果表明:近18年来西藏主要以中度荒漠化土地为主,占全区面积的37.68%,非荒漠化区域面积占28.65%,轻度和重度荒漠区面积分别占全区面积的13.20%和12.64%。全区荒漠化总体趋势属微弱改善状态,继续退化区域主要集中在西藏中部,包括那曲地区东南部,拉萨市大部,日喀则市东部和山南市北部。阿里地区大部和那曲地区北部属改善区。整体上全区荒漠化态势以稳定为主,占45.79%。改善和退化区域面积分别占23.58%和22.52%。构建的荒漠化指数与实测植被覆盖度呈负相关关系,判定系数R~2=0.52(P0.05),表明实测样本与模型结果总体上趋于一致,反演模型可以作为研究区土地荒漠化监测方法。  相似文献   

The Tibetan Plateau Surface–Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment     

Ping ZHAO  Yueqing LI  Xueliang GUO  Xiangde XU  Yimin LIU  Shihao TANG  Wenming XIAO  Chunxiang SHI  Yaoming MA  Xing YU  Huizhi LIU  La JIA  Yun CHEN  Yanju LIU  Jian LI  Dabiao LUO  Yunchang CAO  Xiangdong ZHENG  Junming CHEN  An XIAO  Fang YUAN  Donghui CHEN  Yang PANG  Zhiqun HU  Shengjun ZHANG  Lixin DONG  Juyang HU  Shuai HAN  Xiuji ZHOU 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(3):375-399

The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is a key area affecting forecasts of weather and climate in China and occurrences of extreme weather and climate events over the world. The China Meteorological Administration, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly initiated the Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ) in 2013, with an 8–10-yr implementation plan. Since its preliminary field measurements conducted in 2013, routine automatic sounding systems have been deployed at Shiquanhe, Gaize, and Shenzha stations in western TP, where no routine sounding observations were available previously. The observational networks for soil temperature and soil moisture in the central and western TP have also been established. Meanwhile, the plateau-scale and regional-scale boundary layer observations, cloud–precipitation microphysical observations with multiple radars and aircraft campaigns, and tropospheric–stratospheric air composition observations at multiple sites, were performed. The results so far show that the turbulent heat exchange coefficient and sensible heat flux are remarkably lower than the earlier estimations at grassland, meadow, and bare soil surfaces of the central and western TP. Climatologically, cumulus clouds over the main body of the TP might develop locally instead of originating from the cumulus clouds that propagate northward from South Asia. The TIPEX-Ⅲ observations up to now also reveal diurnal variations, macro-and microphysical characteristics, and water-phase transition mechanisms, of cumulus clouds at Naqu station. Moreover, TIPEX-Ⅲ related studies have proposed a maintenance mechanism responsible for the Asian "atmospheric water tower" and demonstrated the effects of the TP heating anomalies on African, Asian, and North American climates. Additionally, numerical modeling studies show that the Γ distribution of raindrop size is more suitable for depicting the TP raindrop characteristics compared to the M–P distribution, the overestimation of sensible heat flux can be reduced via modifying the heat transfer parameterization over the TP, and considering climatic signals in some key areas of the TP can improve the skill for rainfall forecast in the central and eastern parts of China. Furthermore, the TIPEX-Ⅲ has been promoting the technology in processing surface observations, soundings, and radar observations, improving the quality of satellite retrieved soil moisture and atmospheric water vapor content products as well as high-resolution gauge–radar–satellite merged rainfall products, and facilitating the meteorological monitoring, forecasting, and data sharing operations.  相似文献   

The Son Poc rockfall (Mallorca,Spain) on the 6th of March 2013: 3D simulation     

Roberto Sarro  Rosa María Mateos  Inmaculada García-Moreno  Gerardo Herrera  Paola Reichenbach  Luís Laín  Carlos Paredes 《Landslides》2014,11(3):493-503

The Son Poc rockfall took place on the 6th of March 2013 in the municipality of Bunyola, on the southern side of the Tramuntana Range (Mallorca) and after a rainy and cold period on the region. A volume of rock of 4.000 m³ was detached from the cliff crowning the peak falling down by toppling. The impact of the boulder caused its fragmentation, and numerous boulders bounced and rolled downslope with volumes from 1 to 35 m³, following two trajectories: southwest (SW) and southeast (SE). The SE trajectory, with a larger runout (376 m), reached an urban area, where some of the boulders hit the roofs and walls of nearby houses, stopping others in their gardening areas. Fortunately, no fatalities occurred despite of the presence of some people at that moment, but the event caused great concern in a region which lives from and for tourism. The Son Poc rockfall has been simulated using RocPro3D software which uses GIS technology to produce 3D rockfall trajectories lines, estimated velocity and energy of falling blocks, as well as bounce heights, impacts, and stopping points. The results are in agreement with field observations and with a very good accuracy between real and modeled outcomes.  相似文献   

Radon migration into different building types at medium and low south-eastern flank of Mt Etna (Sicily): connection with the volcanic activity     

Santo La Delfa  Fabio Vizzini  Giuseppe Patanè 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(3):923-931

Indoor Radon concentrations have been carried out simultaneously at the villages of S. Venerina and Acireale, which are located on the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano. Both investigation sites are partially affected by the same fault system, which plays an important role in the dynamics of the volcano, especially before and during eruptive periods. Measurements were performed in the period from January 2006 until April 2006, just prior to an eruption which took place on 14th July 2006. Indoor Radon monitoring at S. Venerina, was carried out at two buildings located nearby, characterized by a different type of construction. These buildings were chosen because they can be considered as representative of both the historical centre and the new neighbourhoods of the village. At the same time, a Radon active monitor was operating in-soil near the two aforesaid edifices. Cross-correlation analysis between the in-soil one with both the indoor S. Venerina Radon series indicated different temporal correlation, probably due to the different types of building foundations and constructive materials of their walls, both causing the different indoor accumulation. S. Venerina’s indoor Radon values taken at the new building showed similar trends and the same anomalies as the ones recorded at Acireale. The simultaneous increase in indoor Radon concentration was observed at both sites from the last ten days of March, when a significant increase in the CO₂ efflux was recorded. Increases in volcanogenic gases occurred very probably throughout an inflating state of the volcano during the pre-eruptive period, which caused the wide opening of the fractures. Lastly, variations in indoor Radon concentrations observed before an eruption, indicate the suitability of the investigated sites for in-soil Radon monitoring at a low altitude of the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Moreover, in this place repeated and long period Radon indoor measurements should be carried out due to high potential indoor accumulation which depends from the volcanic activity, as this could constitute a serious danger to public health.  相似文献   

Dynamical parameter analysis of continuous seismic signals of Popocatépetl volcano (Central Mexico): A case of tectonic earthquakes influencing volcanic activity     

Marta Tárraga  Servando De La Cruz-Reyna  Ana T. Mendoza-Rosas  Roberto Carniel  Alicia Martínez-Bringas  Alicia García  Ramon Ortiz 《Acta Geophysica》2012,60(3):664-681

The continuous background seismic activity contains information on the internal state of a volcanic system. Here, we report the influence of major regional tectonic earthquakes (M > 5 in most cases) on such state, reflected as changes in the spectral and dynamical parameters of the volcano continuous seismic data. Although changes do not always occur, analysis of five cases of earthquake-induced variations in the signals recorded at Popocatépetl volcano in central México reveal significant fluctuations following the tectonic earthquakes. External visible volcanic activity, such as small to moderate explosions and ash emissions, were related to those fluctuations. We briefly discuss possible causes of the variations. We conclude that recognition of fluctuations in the dynamical parameters in volcano monitoring seismic signals after tectonic earthquakes, even those located in the far field, hundreds of kilometers away, may provide an additional criterion for eruption forecasting, and for decision making in the definition of volcanic alert levels.  相似文献   

The Pomici di Avellino eruption of Somma–Vesuvius (3.9 ka BP). Part II: sedimentology and physical volcanology of pyroclastic density current deposits     

R. Sulpizio  R. Bonasia  P. Dellino  D. Mele  M. A. Di Vito  L. La Volpe 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2010,72(5):559-577

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) generated during the Plinian eruption of the Pomici di Avellino (PdA) of Somma–Vesuvius were investigated through field and laboratory studies, which allowed the detailed reconstruction of their eruptive and transportation dynamics and the calculation of key physical parameters of the currents. PDCs were generated during all the three phases that characterised the eruption, with eruptive dynamics driven by both magmatic and phreatomagmatic fragmentation. Flows generated during phases 1 and 2 (EU1 and EU3pf, magmatic fragmentation) have small dispersal areas and affected only part of the volcano slopes. Lithofacies analysis demonstrates that the flow-boundary zones were dominated by granular-flow regimes, which sometimes show transitions to traction regimes. PDCs generated during eruptive phase 3 (EU5, phreatomagmatic fragmentation) were the most voluminous and widespread in the whole of Somma–Vesuvius’ eruptive history, and affected a wide area around the volcano with deposit thicknesses of a few centimetres up to more than 25 km from source. Lithofacies analysis shows that the flow-boundary zones of EU5 PDCs were dominated by granular flows and traction regimes. Deposits of EU5 PDC show strong lithofacies variation northwards, from proximally thick, massive to stratified beds towards dominantly alternating beds of coarse and fine ash in distal reaches. The EU5 lithofacies also show strong lateral variability in proximal areas, passing from the western and northern to the eastern and southern volcano slopes, where the deposits are stacked beds of massive, accretionary lapilli-bearing fine ash. The sedimentological model developed for the PDCs of the PdA eruption explains these strong lithofacies variations in the light of the volcano’s morphology at the time of the eruption. In particular, the EU5 PDCs survived to pass over the break in slope between the volcano sides and the surrounding volcaniclastic apron–alluvial plain, with development of new flows from the previously suspended load. Pulses were developed within individual currents, leading to stepwise deposition on both the volcano slopes and the surrounding volcaniclastic apron and alluvial plain. Physical parameters including velocity, density and concentration profile with height were calculated for a flow of the phreatomagmatic phase of the eruption by applying a sedimentological method, and the values of the dynamic pressure were derived. Some hazard considerations are summarised on the assumption that, although not very probable, similar PDCs could develop during future eruptions of Somma–Vesuvius.  相似文献